2023 |
Harris ML, Egan N, Forder PM, Bateson D, Loxton D, 'Patterns of contraceptive use through later reproductive years: A cohort study of Australian women with chronic disease.', PLoS One, 18 e0268872 (2023) [C1]
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Nova |
2023 |
Bizuayehu HM, Harris ML, Chojenta C, Cavenagh D, Forder PM, Loxton D, 'Patterns of Labour Interventions and Associated Maternal Biopsychosocial Factors in Australia: a Path Analysis', Reproductive Sciences, 30 2767-2779 (2023) [C1]
In Australia, nearly half of births involve labour interventions. Prior research in this area has relied on cross-sectional and administrative health data and has not considered b... [more]
In Australia, nearly half of births involve labour interventions. Prior research in this area has relied on cross-sectional and administrative health data and has not considered biopsychosocial factors. The current study examined direct and indirect associations between biopsychosocial factors and labour interventions using 19¿years of population-based prospective data. The study included singleton babies among primiparous women of the 1973¿1978 cohort of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women¿s Health. Data from 5459 women who started labour were analysed using path analysis. 42.2% of babies were born without intervention (episiotomy, instrumental, or caesarean delivery): Thirty-seven percent reported vaginal birth with episiotomy and instrumental birth interventions, 18% reported an unplanned caesarean section without episiotomy and/or instrumental interventions, and 3% reported unplanned caesarean section after episiotomy and/or instrumental interventions. Vaginal births with episiotomy and/or instrumental interventions were more likely among women with chronic hypertension (RRR(95%-CI):1.50(1.12¿2.01)), a perceived length of labour of more than 36¿h (RRR(95%-CI):1.86(1.45¿2.39)), private health insurance (RRR(95%-CI):1.61(1.41¿1.85)) and induced labour (RRR(95%-CI):1.69(1.46¿1.94)). Risk factors of unplanned caesarean section without episiotomy and/or instrumental birth intervention included being overweight (RRR(95%-CI):1.30(1.07¿1.58)) or obese prepregnancy (RRR(95%-CI):1.63(1.28¿2.08)), aged = 35¿years (RRR(95%-CI):1.87(1.46¿2.41)), having short stature (< 154¿cm) (RRR(95%-CI):1.68(1.16¿2.42)), a perceived length of labour of more than 36¿h (RRR(95%-CI):3.26(2.50¿4.24)), private health insurance (RRR(95%-CI):1.38(1.17¿1.64)), and induced labour (RRR(95%-CI):2.56(2.16¿3.05)). Prevention and management of hypertension, diabetes, and obesity during preconception and/or antenatal care are keys for reducing labour interventions and strengthening the evidence-base around delivery of best practice obstetric care.
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Nova |
2022 |
Harris ML, Egan N, Forder PM, Bateson D, Sverdlov AL, Murphy VE, Loxton D, 'Patterns of contraceptive use among young Australian women with chronic disease: findings from a prospective cohort study', Reproductive Health, 19 (2022) [C1]
Background: Given chronic disease is increasing among young women and unintended pregnancies among these women are associated with poor maternal and fetal outcomes, these women wo... [more]
Background: Given chronic disease is increasing among young women and unintended pregnancies among these women are associated with poor maternal and fetal outcomes, these women would benefit from effective preconception care. However, there is a lack of understanding of how these women use or don¿t use contraception to inform such interventions. This study examined patterns of contraceptive use among an Australian cohort of young women and investigated the influence of chronic disease on contraceptive use over time. Methods: Using data from 15,244 young women from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women¿s Health (born 1989¿1995), latent transition analysis was performed to identify distinct contraceptive patterns among women who were at risk of an unintended pregnancy. Multinomial mixed-effect models were used to evaluate the relationship between contraceptive combinations and chronic disease. Results: Contraceptive use for women with cardiac and autoinflammatory diseases differed to women without chronic disease over the observation period. Compared to women without chronic disease using the pill, women with cardiac disease had double the odds of using ¿other¿ contraception and condoms (OR = 2.20, 95% CI 1.34, 3.59) and a modest increase in the odds of using the combined oral contraceptive pill and condoms (OR = 1.39, 95% CI 1.03, 1.89). Compared to women without chronic disease who used the pill, women with autoinflammatory disease had increased odds of using LARC and condoms (OR = 1.58, 95% CI 1.04, 2.41), using ¿other¿ contraception and condoms (OR = 1.69, 95% CI 1.11, 2.57), and using the¿combined oral contraceptive pill and condoms (OR = 1.38, 95% CI 1.09, 1.75). No differences in contraceptive patterns over the observation period were found for women with asthma or diabetes when compared to women without chronic disease. Conclusion: The findings identified a need for effective contraceptive counselling as part of routine chronic disease care and improved communication between health¿care providers and women with chronic disease to improve young women¿s contraceptive knowledge and agency in contraceptive choice, particularly for those with cardiac or autoinflammatory conditions. This may be the key to reducing high-risk unintended pregnancies among this vulnerable population.
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Nova |
2022 |
Meazaw MW, Chojenta C, Forder P, Taddele T, Loxton D, 'Health Care Readiness in Management of Preeclampsia/Eclampsia in Ethiopia: Evidence from National Facility-Based Survey', RISK MANAGEMENT AND HEALTHCARE POLICY, 15 1225-1241 (2022) [C1]
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Nova |
2022 |
Thapaliya K, Harris ML, Forder PM, Byles JE, 'Medications use among women with dementia: a cohort study', Aging Clinical and Experimental Research, 34 55-64 (2022) [C1]
Background: Older population with dementia use huge range of medications. In this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of commonly used medications a year before and after ... [more]
Background: Older population with dementia use huge range of medications. In this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of commonly used medications a year before and after first recorded dementia diagnosis among older Australian women. Methods: The study utilized Australian Longitudinal Study on Women¿s Health (ALSWH) data from 2090 women with known dementia, linked with administrative health datasets. The Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) data provided detailed information about prescribed medications. We applied latent class analysis (LCA) to the post-dementia data to identify patterns of medication use. Logistic regression model was used to explore the impact of potential predictors for medication utilization. Results: Antipsychotic use increased from 5% before dementia to 19% after dementia, while antidementia medication use increased from < 1 to 28%. There was a modest increase in benzodiazepines and antidepressants. Post-dementia, four distinct groups were identified using LCA (names based on probabilities of medications use) as: ¿High Psychotropic¿Low Cardiovascular¿ (16% of the sample); ¿Moderate Psychotropic¿High Cardiovascular¿ (12%); ¿Low Psychotropic¿High Cardiovascular¿ (27%); and ¿Low Psychotropic¿Low Cardiovascular¿ (45%). Living in Residential Aged Care (RAC) and frailty were associated with increased odds of being in the higher psychotropic use groups. Conclusions: Substantial utilization of psychotropic medications by older people with dementia indicates a need for a careful review of the use of these medications. Appropriate alternative approaches to the management of dementia should be practiced with a special focus on RAC residents with frailty.
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Nova |
2022 |
Bizuayehu HM, Harris ML, Chojenta C, Forder PM, Loxton D, 'Biopsychosocial factors influencing the occurrence and recurrence of preterm singleton births among Australian women: A prospective cohort study.', Midwifery, 110 103334 (2022) [C1]
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Nova |
2022 |
Forder PM, Byles JE, Golenko X, Cyarto E, Donohoe SG, Zernike W, Lowthian JA, 'Validation of a residential aged care consumer experience survey, 2019.', Australas J Ageing, 41 e159-e171 (2022) [C1]
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Nova |
2022 |
Reilly N, Egan N, Austin M-P, Forder PM, Loxton D, 'Increases in use of Medicare Benefits Schedule mental health items among women who gave birth in New South Wales, 2009-2015.', Aust N Z J Public Health, 46 75-80 (2022) [C1]
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Nova |
2021 |
Harris ML, Egan N, Forder PM, Loxton D, 'Increased chronic disease prevalence among the younger generation: Findings from a population-based data linkage study to inform chronic disease ascertainment among reproductive-aged Australian women.', PLoS One, 16 e0254668 (2021) [C1]
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Nova |
2021 |
Rowlands IJ, Holder C, Forder PM, Hegarty K, Dobson AJ, Loxton D, 'Consistency and Inconsistency of Young Women's Reporting of Intimate Partner Violence in a Population-Based Study', VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN, 27 359-377 (2021) [C1]
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Nova |
2021 |
Loxton D, Forder PM, Cavenagh D, Townsend N, Holliday E, Chojenta C, Melka AS, 'The impact of adverse childhood experiences on the health and health behaviors of young Australian women', Child Abuse and Neglect, 111 (2021) [C1]
Background: Adverse childhood experiences have been linked to poor health and adverse health behavior in adulthood. Objective: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of adver... [more]
Background: Adverse childhood experiences have been linked to poor health and adverse health behavior in adulthood. Objective: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of adverse childhood experiences among young Australian women (aged 20¿25) and examine associations between adverse childhood experiences and adult health behaviors and physical and mental health. Participants and Settings: Data were from the 1989-95 cohort of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health, who completed the Adverse Childhood Experiences Scale at Survey 3 in 2015 (N = 8609). Methods: Outcomes included: self-rated health, sexual health, psychological distress, depression, anxiety, suicide ideation, self-harm, substance abuse (drinking, smoking, illicit drugs), severe obesity, and exercise. Prevalence of childhood adversities were presented, with the association between childhood adversity and outcomes evaluated using log-binomial multivariable regressions (99% CI). Results: While 59% of women reported experiencing at least one childhood adversity, 10% of participants reported adverse childhood experiences across four or more categories, indicating a significant burden of risk for young Australian women. Women reporting four or more categories had higher rates of poor physical health (adjPR = 1.79, 99% CI = 1.51¿2.12), sexually transmitted infections (adjPR = 1.36, 99% CI = 1.11¿1.67), and poor mental health (adjPR = 2.78, 99% CI = 2.34¿3.32), and increased rates of severe obesity (adjPR = 2.14, 99% CI = 1.61¿2.86) and smoking (adjPR = 2.23, 99% CI = 1.89¿2.64). Conclusion: Using nationally representative data, this study shows adverse childhood experiences directly impact physical and mental health, and health behaviors in adulthood among young Australian women. The management of health and wellbeing in adulthood should look beyond the contemporaneous factors, incorporating a focus on how childhood adversity may negatively influence health behavior, health and wellbeing in later life.
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Nova |
2021 |
Baldwin JN, Ashton LM, Forder PM, Haslam RL, Hure AJ, Loxton DJ, et al., 'Increasing fruit and vegetable variety over time is associated with lower 15-year healthcare costs: Results from the australian longitudinal study on women s health', Nutrients, 13 (2021) [C1]
Healthcare costs are lower for adults who consume more vegetables; however, the association between healthcare costs and fruit and vegetable varieties is unclear. Our aim was to i... [more]
Healthcare costs are lower for adults who consume more vegetables; however, the association between healthcare costs and fruit and vegetable varieties is unclear. Our aim was to investigate the association between (i) baseline fruit and vegetable (F&V) varieties, and (ii) changes in F&V varieties over time with 15-year healthcare costs in an Australian Longitudinal Study on Women¿s Health. The data for Survey 3 (n = 8833 women, aged 50¿55 years) and Survey 7 (n = 6955, aged 62¿67 years) of the 1946¿1951 cohort were used. The F&V variety was assessed using the Fruit and Vegetable Variety (FAVVA) index calculated from the Cancer Council of Victoria¿s Dietary Questionnaire for Epidemiological Studies food frequency questionnaire. The baseline FAVVA and change in FAVVA were analysed as continuous predictors of Medicare claims/costs by using multiple regression analyses. Healthy weight women made, on average, 4.3 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.7¿6.8) fewer claims for every 10-point-higher FAVVA. Healthy weight women with higher fruit varieties incurred fewer charges; however, this was reversed for women overweight/obese. Across the sample, for every 10-point increase in FAVVA over time, women made 4.3 (95% CI 1.9¿6.8) fewer claims and incurred $309.1 (95% CI $129.3¿488.8) less in charges over 15 years. A higher F&V variety is associated with a small reduction in healthcare claims for healthy weight women only. An increasing F&V variety over time is associated with lower healthcare costs.
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Nova |
2021 |
Baldwin JN, Forder PM, Haslam R, Hure A, Loxton D, Patterson AJ, Collins CE, 'Lower Vegetable Variety and Worsening Diet Quality Over Time Are Associated With Higher 15-Year Health Care Claims and Costs Among Australian Women', Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 121 655-668 (2021) [C1]
Background: The relationship between diet quality and health care costs is unclear. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between baseline diet qual... [more]
Background: The relationship between diet quality and health care costs is unclear. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between baseline diet quality and change in diet quality over time, with 15-year cumulative health care claims/costs. Design: Data from a longitudinal cohort study were analyzed. Participants/setting: Data for survey 3 (2001) (n = 7,868) and survey 7 (2013) (n = 6,349 both time points) from the 1946-1951 cohort of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health were analyzed. Main outcome measures: Diet quality was assessed using the Australian Recommended Food Score (ARFS). Fifteen-year cumulative Medicare Benefits Schedule (Australia's universal health care coverage) data were reported by baseline ARFS quintile and category of diet quality change (¿diet quality worsened¿ [ARFS change = ¿4 points], ¿remained stable¿ [¿3 = change in ARFS =3 points], or ¿improved¿ [ARFS change =4 points]). Statistical analyses: Linear regression analyses were conducted adjusting for area of residence, socioeconomic status, lifestyle factors, and private health insurance status. Results: Consuming a greater variety of vegetables at baseline but fewer fruit and dairy products was associated with lower health care costs. For every 1-point increment in the ARFS vegetable subscale, women made 3.3 (95% CI, 1.6-5.0) fewer claims and incurred AU$227 (95% CI, AU$104-350 [US$158; 95% CI, US$72-243]) less in costs. Women whose diet quality worsened over time made more claims (median, 251 claims; quintile 1, quintile 3 [Q1; Q3], 168; 368 claims) and incurred higher costs (AU$15,519; Q1; Q3, AU$9,226; AU$24,847 [US$10,793; Q1; Q3, US$6,417; US$17,281]) compared with those whose diet quality remained stable (median, 236 claims [Q1; Q3, 158; 346 claims], AU$14,515; Q1; Q3, AU$8,539; AU$23,378 [US$10,095; Q1; Q3, US$5,939; US$16,259]). Conclusions: Greater vegetable variety was associated with fewer health care claims and costs; however, this trend was not consistent across other subscales. Worsening diet quality over 12 years was linked with higher health care claims and costs.
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Nova |
2021 |
Harris ML, Egan N, Forder PM, Coombe J, Loxton D, 'Contraceptive use among women through their later reproductive years: Findings from an Australian prospective cohort study.', PLoS One, 16 e0255913 (2021) [C1]
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Nova |
2021 |
Abbas SS, Majeed T, Weaver N, Nair BR, Forder PM, Byles JE, 'Utility estimations of health states of older Australian women with atrial fibrillation using SF-6D', Quality of Life Research, 30 1457-1466 (2021) [C1]
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Nova |
2021 |
Abbas SS, Majeed T, Nair BR, Forder PM, Weaver N, Byles JE, 'Patterns of Medications for Atrial Fibrillation Among Older Women: Results From the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health', JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS, 26 59-66 (2021) [C1]
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Nova |
2021 |
Bizuayehu HM, Harris ML, Chojenta C, Forder PM, Loxton D, 'Low birth weight and its associated biopsychosocial factors over a 19-year period: findings from a national cohort study', EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH, 31 776-783 (2021) [C1]
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Nova |
2021 |
Janda M, Forder P, Gebski V, Sandjia S, Armfield N, Obemair A, 'Weight and weight control behaviors during long-term endometrial cancer survivorship: Results of the Laparoscopic Approach to Cancer of the Endometrium long-term follow-up study', CANCER MEDICINE, 10 4896-4904 (2021) [C1]
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Nova |
2021 |
Byles JE, Princehorn EM, Forder PM, Rahman MM, 'Housing and Care for Older Women in Australia', FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH, 9 (2021) [C1]
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Nova |
2020 |
Dobson AJ, Waller MJ, Hockey R, Dolja-Gore X, Forder PM, Byles JE, 'Impact of Dementia on Health Service Use in the Last 2 Years of Life for Women with Other Chronic Conditions', Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 21 1651-1657.e1 (2020) [C1]
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Nova |
2020 |
Feyissa T, Harris ML, Forder PM, Loxton D, 'Contraceptive use among sexually active women living with HIV in western Ethiopia', PLoS ONE, 15 (2020) [C1]
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Nova |
2020 |
Jackson JK, MacDonald-Wicks LK, McEvoy MA, Forder PM, Holder C, Oldmeadow C, et al., 'Better diet quality scores are associated with a lower risk of hypertension and non-fatal CVD in middle-aged Australian women over 15 years of follow-up', Public Health Nutrition, 23 882-893 (2020) [C1]
Objective: To explore if better diet quality scores as a measure of adherence to the Australian Dietary Guidelines (ADG) and the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) are associated with a... [more]
Objective: To explore if better diet quality scores as a measure of adherence to the Australian Dietary Guidelines (ADG) and the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) are associated with a lower incidence of hypertension and non-fatal CVD.Design: Prospective analysis of the 1946-1951 cohort of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health (ALSWH). The Australian Recommended Foods Score (ARFS) was calculated as an indicator of adherence to the ADG; the Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS) measured adherence to the MedDiet. Outcomes included hypertension and non-fatal CVD. Generalised estimating equations estimated OR and 95 % CI across quartiles of diet quality scores.Setting: Australia, 2001-2016.Participants: 1946-1951 cohort of the ALSWH (n 5324), without CVD, hypertension and diabetes at baseline (2001), with complete FFQ data.Results: There were 1342 new cases of hypertension and 629 new cases of non-fatal CVD over 15 years of follow-up. Multivariate analysis indicated that women reporting better adherence to the ARFS (=38/74) had 15 % (95 % CI 1, 28 %; P = 0·05) lower odds of hypertension and 46 % (95 % CI 6, 66 %; P = 0·1) lower odds of non-fatal CVD. Women reporting better adherence to the MDS (=8/17) had 27 % (95 % CI 15, 47 %; P = 0·0006) lower odds of hypertension and 30 % (95 % CI 2, 50 %; P = 0·03) lower odds of non-fatal CVD.Conclusions: Better adherence to diet quality scores is associated with lower risk of hypertension and non-fatal CVD. These results support the need for updated evidenced based on the ADG as well as public health nutrition policies in Australia.
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Nova |
2020 |
Baldwin JN, Forder PM, Haslam RL, Hure AJ, Loxton DJ, Patterson AJ, Collins CE, 'Change in Diet Quality over 12 Years in the 1946-1951 Cohort of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health', NUTRIENTS, 12 (2020) [C1]
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Nova |
2020 |
Wubishet BL, Harris ML, Forder PM, Byles JE, 'Age and cohort rise in diabetes prevalence among older Australian women: Case ascertainment using survey and healthcare administrative data', PLOS ONE, 15 (2020) [C1]
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Nova |
2020 |
Harris ML, Coombe J, Forder PM, Lucke JC, Bateson D, Loxton D, 'Young Women's Complex Patterns of Contraceptive Use: Findings from an Australian Cohort Study', Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 52 181-190 (2020) [C1]
CONTEXT: Unintended pregnancy is common among young women. Understanding how such women use contraceptives¿ including method combinations¿is essential to providing high-quality co... [more]
CONTEXT: Unintended pregnancy is common among young women. Understanding how such women use contraceptives¿ including method combinations¿is essential to providing high-quality contraceptive care. METHODS: Data were from a representative cohort of 2,965 Australian women aged 18¿23 who participated in the 2012¿2013 Contraceptive Use, Pregnancy Intention and Decisions baseline survey, had been heterosexually active in the previous six months, and were not pregnant or trying to conceive. Latent class analysis was employed to characterize women's contraceptive choices; multinomial logistic regression was used to evaluate correlates of membership in the identified classes. RESULTS: The vast majority of women (96%) reported using one or more contraceptives, most commonly short-acting hormonal methods (60%), barrier methods (38%), long-acting contraceptives (16%) and withdrawal (15%). In total, 32 combinations were reported. Four latent classes of method use were identified: no contraception (4% of women); short-acting hormonal methods with supplementation (59%, mostly the pill); high-efficacy contraceptives with supplementation (15%, all long-acting reversible contraceptive users); and low-efficacy contraceptive combinations (21%); supplementation usually involved barrier methods or withdrawal. Class membership differed according to women's characteristics; for example, women who had ever been pregnant were more likely than other women to be in the no-contraception, high-efficacy contraceptive or low-efficacy contraceptive combination classes than in the short-acting hormonal contraceptive class (odds ratios, 2.0-3.0). CONCLUSIONS: The complexity of women's contraceptive choices and the associations between latent classes and such characteristics as pregnancy history highlight the need for individualized approaches to pregnancy prevention and contraceptive care.
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Nova |
2020 |
Tegegne TK, Chojenta C, Forder PM, Getachew T, Smith R, Loxton D, 'Spatial variations and associated factors of modern contraceptive use in Ethiopia: a spatial and multilevel analysis', BMJ open, 10 1-11 (2020) [C1]
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Nova |
2020 |
Abbas SS, Majeed T, Nair BR, Forder P, Weaver N, Byles J, 'Burden of atrial fibrillation and stroke risk among octagenarian and nonagenarian women in Australia', Annals of Epidemiology, 44 31-37.e2 (2020) [C1]
Purpose: To determine the prevalence and incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) among older Australian women from 2000 to 2015, determine factors associated with AF, and to calcula... [more]
Purpose: To determine the prevalence and incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) among older Australian women from 2000 to 2015, determine factors associated with AF, and to calculate risk of stroke at the time of AF diagnosis. Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of 6671 women of the 1921¿1926 birth cohort of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health, linked to data from hospital admissions to identify AF and National Death Index to determine date of death. Yearly prevalence and incidence proportions of AF, and stroke risk using CHA2DS2-VA scheme, were calculated. Factors associated with AF were assessed using logistic regression. Results: From 2000 to 2015, a total of 1827 women with AF were identified. AF prevalence increased every year as women aged from 2.71% (95% CI 1.62%¿3.80%) in 2000 among women aged 74¿79 years to 24.83% (95% CI = 23.23%¿26.44%) in 2015 among women aged 89¿94 years. The incidence proportion remained constant (between 3% and 5%) throughout the study period. Sedentary lifestyle (OR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.04¿1.49), hypertension (OR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.09¿1.42), arthritis (OR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.09¿1.41), heart attack (OR = 1.62, 95% CI = 1.18¿2.24), and angina (OR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.14¿1.70) were independently associated with AF. Mean CHA2DS2-VA score for women with AF was 3.43 (SD ± 1.23). Conclusions: The prevalence of AF reported in Australian women is among the highest compared to previous estimations from other countries and regions. According to the findings, about one in four women over the age of 90 years had AF. These women were also at high risk of stroke. This has significant public health implications especially with changing demographics of increase in the aging population. Further research is required on understanding how women with AF are treated in Australia and their health outcomes.
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Nova |
2020 |
Anderson AE, Cavenagh D, Forder P, Loxton D, Byles J, 'Alcohol-related risk from pre-loading and heavy episodic drinking (HED) among a cohort of young Australian women: a cross-sectional analysis', Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 44 382-389 (2020) [C1]
Objective: To cross-sectionally examine heavy episodic drinking (HED) and pre-loading with alcohol among young Australian women in relation to the alcohol-induced adverse outcomes... [more]
Objective: To cross-sectionally examine heavy episodic drinking (HED) and pre-loading with alcohol among young Australian women in relation to the alcohol-induced adverse outcomes of memory loss, vomiting and injury. Methods: A total of 7,800 participants, aged 20¿25 years, from the 1989¿95 cohort of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health answered all questions on alcohol use, reported drinking alcohol in the previous year and were not pregnant at the third survey in 2015. Log-binomial models were used to estimate prevalence ratios for adverse outcomes associated with increased frequency of HED and pre-loading. Results: The majority of participants reported HED (83.4%) and/or pre-loading (65.6%), which had a moderate correlation (r=0.646). Just over half (55.2%) of participants experienced at least one adverse event, with vomiting being most common. As the frequency of HED or pre-loading increased, so did the risk of an adverse outcome. Conclusions: Both HED and pre-loading pose a risk to young Australian women, and that risk rises with increased frequency. Implications for public health: Although HED has been a target of public health policy and interventions, pre-loading has received limited attention. In addition to addressing HED, there is a need to consider the risk posed by pre-loading, a related, yet unique risky drinking behaviour.
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Nova |
2020 |
Feyissa TR, Harris ML, Forder PM, Loxton D, 'Fertility among women living with HIV in western Ethiopia and its implications for prevention of vertical transmission: a cross-sectional study.', BMJ open, 10 (2020) [C1]
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Nova |
2020 |
Feyissa T, Harris ML, Forder PM, Loxton D, 'Contraceptive use among sexually active women living with HIV in western Ethiopia', PLoS ONE, 15 (2020) [C1]
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Nova |
2020 |
Forder PM, Rich J, Harris S, Chojenta C, Reilly N, Austin MP, Loxton D, 'Honesty and comfort levels in mothers when screened for perinatal depression and anxiety', Women and Birth, 33 e142-e150 (2020) [C1]
Purpose: To evaluate the degree of honesty and level of comfort reported by women when questioned about their emotional wellbeing during the perinatal period; to investigate if ho... [more]
Purpose: To evaluate the degree of honesty and level of comfort reported by women when questioned about their emotional wellbeing during the perinatal period; to investigate if honesty and comfort are associated with perinatal depression or perinatal anxiety; and to examine the reasons why women may not always respond honestly. Methods: Qualitative and quantitative data from 1597 women from the cross-sectional perinatal mental health substudy (part of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health) were analysed using a mixed methods approach. Results: When questioned by their health practitioner about their emotional wellbeing in the perinatal period, 20.7% of women indicated they had not always responded honestly. Reasons for not being honest reflected four main themes: normalizing of symptoms/coping; negative perceptions (self-and others); fear of adverse repercussions; and fear of involvement of health services (trust and confidentiality). The 38.9% of women who did not feel comfortable when questioned by their health practitioner about their emotional wellbeing were four times more likely to report perinatal depression (odds ratio = 4.09; 95% confidence interval = 2.55, 6.57) and nearly twice as likely to report perinatal anxiety (odds ratio = 1.90; 95% confidence interval = 1.24, 2.94) than other women. Conclusions: Women who are most likely to need mental health care during the perinatal period are also those least likely to be honest about their mental health. A non-judgemental, open and reassuring approach by clinicians may help to reduce the stigma and fears contributing to lack of honest responses, and improve early diagnosis and treatment of mental health problems.
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Nova |
2019 |
Loxton D, Powers J, Townsend N, Harris ML, Forder P, 'Longitudinal inconsistency in responses to survey items that ask women about intimate partner violence', BMC MEDICAL RESEARCH METHODOLOGY, 19 (2019) [C1]
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Nova |
2019 |
Wubishet BL, Harris ML, Forder PM, Acharya SH, Byles JE, 'Predictors of 15-year survival among Australian women with diabetes from age 76 81', Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 150 48-56 (2019) [C1]
Aims: To assess the impact of diabetes on the survival of older women, adjusted for other all-cause mortality predictors. Methods: Data were used from the 1921¿26 cohort of the Au... [more]
Aims: To assess the impact of diabetes on the survival of older women, adjusted for other all-cause mortality predictors. Methods: Data were used from the 1921¿26 cohort of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health, when the women were aged 76¿81 years at baseline, with linkage to the National Death Index. Survival curves were plotted to compare the survival of women with no diabetes, incident diabetes and prevalent diabetes over 15 years. Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the association between diabetes and all-cause mortality risks. Results: A total of 972 (11.7%) of 8296 eligible women reported either incident, 522 (6.3%) or prevalent, 450 (5.4%) diabetes. The median survival times were 10.1, 11.4 and 12.7 years among women with prevalent, incident and no diabetes, respectively. The risks of death were 30% [HR: 1.30 (95% CI: 1.16¿1.45)] and 73% [HR: 1.73 (CI: 1.57¿1.92)] higher for women with incident and prevalent diabetes compared to women without diabetes. These associations were sustained after controlling for demographics, body mass index, smoking status, comorbidities and health care use. Conclusions: This study revealed that diabetes is associated with reduced survival probabilities for older women with minimal moderation after adjustment for other predictors. Our findings suggest that diabetes management guidelines for older women need to integrate factors such as comorbidities, smoking and being underweight to reduce the risk of mortality.
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Nova |
2019 |
Loxton D, Townsend N, Dolja-Gore X, Forder P, Coles J, 'Adverse Childhood Experiences and Healthcare Costs in Adult Life', Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 28 511-525 (2019) [C1]
The current study aims to present the prevalence of adverse childhood experiences and examine the healthcare costs associated with primary, allied, and specialist healthcare servi... [more]
The current study aims to present the prevalence of adverse childhood experiences and examine the healthcare costs associated with primary, allied, and specialist healthcare services. The Australian Longitudinal Study on Women¿s Health is a general health survey of four nationally representative age cohorts. The current study uses 20¿years of survey and administrative data (1996¿2015) from the cohort born 1973¿1978. Overall, 41% of women indicated at least one category of childhood adversity. The most commonly reported type of childhood adversity was having a household member with a mental illness (16%), with the most commonly reported ACES category being psychological abuse (17%). Women who had experienced adversity in childhood had higher healthcare costs than women who had not experienced adversity. The healthcare costs associated with experiences of adversity in childhood fully justify a comprehensive policy and practice review.
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Nova |
2019 |
Jackson JK, Patterson AJ, MacDonald-Wicks LK, Forder PM, Blekkenhorst LC, Bondonno CP, et al., 'Vegetable Nitrate Intakes Are Associated with Reduced Self-Reported Cardiovascular-Related Complications within a Representative Sample of Middle-Aged Australian Women, Prospectively Followed up for 15 Years', NUTRIENTS, 11 (2019) [C1]
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Nova |
2019 |
Loxton D, Harris ML, Forder P, Powers J, Townsend N, Bytes J, Mishra G, 'Factors Influencing Web-Based Survey Response for a Longitudinal Cohort of Young Women Born Between 1989 and 1995', JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INTERNET RESEARCH, 21 (2019) [C1]
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Nova |
2018 |
Loxton D, Tooth L, Harris ML, Forder PM, Dobson A, Powers J, et al., 'Cohort Profile: The Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health (ALSWH) 1989-95 cohort.', International journal of epidemiology, 47 391-392e (2018) [C1]
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Nova |
2018 |
Byles J, Curryer C, Vo K, Forder P, Loxton D, McLaughlin D, 'Changes in housing among older women: Latent class analysis of housing patterns in older Australian women', Urban Studies, 55 917-934 (2018) [C1]
Scant research exists on the patterns of changes in older women¿s housing, and whether and when women transition into residential aged care (RAC). This study aimed to identify gro... [more]
Scant research exists on the patterns of changes in older women¿s housing, and whether and when women transition into residential aged care (RAC). This study aimed to identify groups of women with different housing patterns (latent classes) over time, with a secondary aim to describe socio-demographic and health characteristics of women in each class. We analysed linked data for 9575 women born 1921¿1926 from the Australian Longitudinal Study of Women¿s Health (ALSWH), Australian National Death Index, and Residential Aged Care (RAC) administrative records for the years 1999 through to 2011. Seven distinct housing patterns (classes) were identified over time. Four classes showed a stable pattern: living in a house for most surveys (47.0%), living in a house but with earlier death (13.7%), living in an apartment (12.8%), living in a retirement village (5.8%). One class showed a pattern of downsizing: moving from a house to retirement village (6.6%). Two patterns showed transition: from an apartment or retirement village, to RAC and death (7.8%), and from house to RAC (6.4%). This study provides new evidence about socio-demographic and health influences on housing patterns and entry into residential care in later life. These findings can inform policy and aged care planning for women in later life, by identifying patterns of transition into residential aged care, or alternatively, remaining in the community.
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Nova |
2018 |
Higgs P, Janda M, Asher R, Gebski V, Forder P, Obermair A, 'Pelvic floor functional outcomes after total abdominal vs total laparoscopic hysterectomy for endometrial cancer', American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 218 419.e1-419.e14 (2018) [C1]
Background: Pelvic floor functioning is an important concern for women requiring a hysterectomy for endometrial cancer. The incidence of pelvic floor symptoms has not been reporte... [more]
Background: Pelvic floor functioning is an important concern for women requiring a hysterectomy for endometrial cancer. The incidence of pelvic floor symptoms has not been reported in women who have undergone a hysterectomy for early-stage endometrial cancer. Objective: We sought to evaluate pelvic floor function in women who have had surgical treatment for early-stage endometrial cancer as part of the multinational Laparoscopic Approach to Cancer of the Endometrium trial and to compare patients¿ outcomes who had total abdominal vs total laparoscopic hysterectomy. Study Design: A multinational, phase III, randomized noninferiority trial compared disease-free survival of patients who had total abdominal hysterectomy vs total laparoscopic hysterectomy. This substudy analyzes the results from a self-administered validated questionnaire on pelvic floor symptoms (Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory) administered preoperatively, and at follow-up visits 6, 18, 30, 42, and 54 months postoperatively. Results: Overall, 381 patients with endometrial cancer were included in the analysis (total abdominal hysterectomy, n = 195; total laparoscopic hysterectomy, n = 186). At 6 months postsurgery both groups experienced an improvement in Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory scores compared to presurgical pelvic floor well-being (total abdominal hysterectomy: mean change ¿11.17; 95% confidence interval, ¿17.11 to ¿5.24; total laparoscopic hysterectomy: mean change ¿10.25; 95% confidence interval, ¿16.31 to ¿4.19). The magnitude of change from baseline in pelvic floor symptoms did not differ between both treatment groups up to 54 months postsurgery. Conclusion: These findings suggest that pelvic floor function in terms of urinary, bowel, and prolapse symptoms are unlikely to deteriorate following abdominal or laparoscopic hysterectomy and are reassuring for women undergoing hysterectomy for early-stage endometrial cancer.
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Nova |
2018 |
Loxton D, Harris ML, Forder P, Powers J, Townsend N, Byles J, Mishra G, 'Factors Influencing Web-Based Survey Response for a Longitudinal Cohort of Young Women Born Between 1989 and 1995 (Preprint) (2018)
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2018 |
Tarnow-Mordi W, Morris J, Kirby A, Robledo K, Askie L, Brown R, et al., 'Delayed Versus Immediate Cord Clamping in Preterm Infants EDITORIAL COMMENT', OBSTETRICAL & GYNECOLOGICAL SURVEY, 73 265-266 (2018)
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2018 |
Forder P, Byles J, Vo K, Curryer C, Loxton D, 'Cumulative incidence of admission to permanent residential aged care for Australian women A competing risk analysis', Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 42 166-171 (2018) [C1]
Objective: To provide a direct estimate of the risk of admission to permanent residential aged care among older women while accounting for death, according to housing type and oth... [more]
Objective: To provide a direct estimate of the risk of admission to permanent residential aged care among older women while accounting for death, according to housing type and other variables. Methods: A competing risk analysis from 8,867 Australian women born 1921¿26, using linked data from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health (ALSWH), Residential Aged Care (RAC), and the Australian National Death Index. Results: After accounting for deaths, around 35% of women will be admitted to RAC between ages 73 and 90. The conditional cumulative incidence of admission to RAC was 26.9% if living in a house, compared to 36.0% from an apartment, 43.6% within a retirement village, and 37.1% if living in a mobile home. Each one-year increase in age was associated with a relative 17% increased risk of RAC. Conclusions: Around one-third of women will enter RAC between age 73 and 90. Living in a house had the lowest risk of entering residential aged care over time. Implications for public health: These findings have important implications for planning for aged care services, including the role of housing in delaying admission to residential aged care, and the need for residential care by a high proportion of women towards the end of life.
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Nova |
2017 |
Majeed T, Forder PM, Mishra G, Kendig H, Byles JE, 'Exploring Workforce Participation Patterns and Chronic Diseases among Middle-Aged Australian Men and Women over the Life Course', Journal of Aging and Health, 29 343-361 (2017) [C1]
Objective: This study identified associations between chronic diseases (diabetes, asthma, depression, and arthritis) and workforce participation patterns with a gendered perspecti... [more]
Objective: This study identified associations between chronic diseases (diabetes, asthma, depression, and arthritis) and workforce participation patterns with a gendered perspective. Method: We used data from 1,261 middle-aged participants of the Australian Life Histories and Health (LHH) Survey, aged 60 to 64 years in 2011. Latent class analysis identified dominant workforce patterns and associations between chronic diseases and these patterns were explored by multinomial regression models. Results: Diabetes, asthma, depression, and arthritis were less prevalent in men and women in class "mostly full-time work," compared with other workforce patterns. The odds of "mostly full-time work" were lower for men reporting depression or arthritis, whereas among women, depression was associated with "increasing part-time work" after adjusting early and adult life factors. Discussion: The results strengthen the importance of gender focused policies aimed to promote and preserve health of young and middle-aged workers, and creating supportive environment for those with chronic health issues over the life course.
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Nova |
2017 |
Bernard A, Forder P, Kendig H, Byles J, 'Residential mobility in Australia and the United States: a retrospective study', Australian Population Studies, 1 41-54 [C1]
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Nova |
2017 |
Majeed T, Forder PM, Tavener M, Kha V, Byles J, 'Work after age 65: A prospective study of Australian men and women', AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL ON AGEING, 36 158-164 (2017) [C1]
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Nova |
2017 |
Tarnow-Mordi W, Morris J, Kirby A, Robledo K, Askie L, Brown R, et al., 'Delayed versus Immediate Cord Clamping in Preterm Infants', New England Journal of Medicine, 377 2445-2455 (2017) [C1]
BACKGROUND The preferred timing of umbilical-cord clamping in preterm infants is unclear. METHODS We randomly assigned fetuses from women who were expected to deliver before 30 we... [more]
BACKGROUND The preferred timing of umbilical-cord clamping in preterm infants is unclear. METHODS We randomly assigned fetuses from women who were expected to deliver before 30 weeks of gestation to either immediate clamping of the umbilical cord (=10 seconds after delivery) or delayed clamping (=60 seconds after delivery). The primary composite outcome was death or major morbidity (defined as severe brain injury on postnatal ultrasonography, severe retinopathy of prematurity, necrotizing enterocolitis, or late-onset sepsis) by 36 weeks of postmenstrual age. Analyses were performed on an intention-to-treat basis, accounting for multiple births. RESULTS Of 1634 fetuses that underwent randomization, 1566 were born alive before 30 weeks of gestation; of these, 782 were assigned to immediate cord clamping and 784 to delayed cord clamping. The median time between delivery and cord clamping was 5 seconds and 60 seconds in the respective groups. Complete data on the primary outcome were available for 1497 infants (95.6%). There was no significant difference in the incidence of the primary outcome between infants assigned to delayed clamping (37.0%) and those assigned to immediate clamping (37.2%) (relative risk, 1.00; 95% confidence interval, 0.88 to 1.13; P=0.96). The mortality was 6.4% in the delayed-clamping group and 9.0% in the immediate-clamping group (P=0.03 in unadjusted analyses; P=0.39 after post hoc adjustment for multiple secondary outcomes). There were no significant differences between the two groups in the incidences of chronic lung disease or other major morbidities. CONCLUSIONS Among preterm infants, delayed cord clamping did not result in a lower incidence of the combined outcome of death or major morbidity at 36 weeks of gestation than immediate cord clamping.
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Nova |
2017 |
Janda M, Gebski V, Davies LC, Forder P, Brand A, Hogg R, et al., 'Effect of total laparoscopic hysterectomy vs total abdominal hysterectomy on disease-free survival among women with stage i endometrial cancer: A randomized clinical trial', JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association, 317 1224-1233 (2017) [C1]
IMPORTANCE Standard treatment for endometrial cancer involves removal of the uterus, tubes, ovaries, and lymph nodes. Few randomized trials have compared disease-free survival out... [more]
IMPORTANCE Standard treatment for endometrial cancer involves removal of the uterus, tubes, ovaries, and lymph nodes. Few randomized trials have compared disease-free survival outcomes for surgical approaches. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH) is equivalent to total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH) in women with treatment-naive endometrial cancer. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS The Laparoscopic Approach to Cancer of the Endometrium (LACE) trialwas a multinational, randomized equivalence trial conducted between October 7, 2005, and June 30, 2010, in which 27 surgeons from 20 tertiary gynecological cancer centers in Australia,New Zealand, and Hong Kong randomized 760 women with stage I endometrioid endometrial cancer to either TLH or TAH. Follow-up ended on March 3, 2016. INTERVENTIONS Patientswere randomly assigned to undergo TAH (n = 353) or TLH (n = 407). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcomewas disease-free survival, which was measured as the interval between surgery and the date of first recurrence, including disease progression or the development of a new primary cancer or death assessed at 4.5 years after randomization. The prespecified equivalence margin was 7%or less. Secondary outcomes included recurrence of endometrial cancer and overall survival. RESULTS Patients were followed up for a median of 4.5 years. Of 760 patients who were randomized (mean age, 63 years), 679 (89%) completed the trial. At 4.5 years of follow-up, disease-free survival was 81.3%in the TAH group and 81.6%in the TLH group. The disease-free survival rate difference was 0.3%(favoring TLH; 95%CI, -5.5%to 6.1%; P = .007), meeting criteria for equivalence. There was no statistically significant between-group difference in recurrence of endometrial cancer (28/353 in TAH group [7.9%] vs 33/407 in TLH group [8.1%]; risk difference, 0.2%[95%CI, -3.7%to 4.0%]; P = .93) or in overall survival (24/353 in TAH group [6.8%] vs 30/407 in TLH group [7.4%]; risk difference, 0.6%[95%CI, -3.0%to 4.2%]; P = .76). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Amongwomen with stage I endometrial cancer, the use of total abdominal hysterectomy compared with total laparoscopic hysterectomy resulted in equivalent disease-free survival at 4.5 years and no difference in overall survival. These findings support the use of laparoscopic hysterectomy forwomen with stage I endometrial cancer.
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Nova |
2016 |
Eftekhari P, Forder P, Byles J, 'Asthma Cycle of Care uptake among Australian older women with asthma', INTERNAL MEDICINE JOURNAL, 46 990-991 (2016)
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2016 |
Hubbard IJ, Vo K, Forder PM, Byles JE, 'Stroke, physical function, and death over a 15-year period in older Australian women', Stroke, 47 1060-1067 (2016) [C1]
Background and Purpose-As populations age, an increasing number of older women are living with stroke. This study looks at long-term outcomes for women with stroke, comparing mort... [more]
Background and Purpose-As populations age, an increasing number of older women are living with stroke. This study looks at long-term outcomes for women with stroke, comparing mortality rates for women with poor physical function (PF) and those with higher levels of function. The purpose is to understand not only how long women might live after a stroke, but also how long they live with physical disability. Methods-The study uses 15 years of data on women from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health 1921 to 1926 cohort. The risk of stroke and the risk of stroke and poor PF were estimated using Cox proportional hazard model. Among women who reported a stroke during the study period, mortality risk was compared according to their physical functioning level after that stroke. Results-Almost half of the women who had a stroke and poor PF survived past 10 years. The 10-year mortality rate was 37% for women with stroke and adequate PF and 51% for women with stroke and poor PF at the time of the stroke (hazard rate ratio, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.18-1.95; P=0.0015 adjusting for demographic and health covariates). Conclusions-This study provides evidence of the long-term outcomes of stroke among older women, with women living for many years with poor PF. This outcome has important implications for the women's quality of life during their later years and in understanding the burden of disability associated with stroke.
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Nova |
2016 |
Joham AE, Nanayakkara N, Ranasinha S, Zoungas S, Boyle J, Harrison CL, et al., 'Obesity, polycystic ovary syndrome and breastfeeding: An observational study', Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 95 458-466 (2016) [C1]
Introduction. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects 9-21% of reproductive- age women. The relations between PCOS, body mass index (BMI) and breastfeeding are unclear. Our aim w... [more]
Introduction. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects 9-21% of reproductive- age women. The relations between PCOS, body mass index (BMI) and breastfeeding are unclear. Our aim was to examine breastfeeding in women with and without PCOS and the relation with BMI. Material and methods. This is a cross-sectional study set in the general community. Participants are women, aged 31-36 years, from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health (ALSWH), a large community-based study. Data was analyzed from the first child of respondents to Survey five (2009) reporting at least one live born child. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine factors associated with breastfeeding. The main outcome measures studied were breastfeeding initiation and duration and the main explanatory variables included selfreported PCOS and BMI. Results. Of the 4898 women, 6.5% reported PCOS (95% confidence interval 5.8-7.2%). Median duration of breastfeeding was lower in women reporting PCOS (6 months, range 2-10 months) than in women not reporting PCOS (7 months, range 3-12 months) (p = 0.001). On multivariable regression analysis, there was no association between PCOS and breastfeeding outcomes. However, being overweight or obese was associated with not initiating breastfeeding and with breastfeeding for less than 6 months, after adjusting for confounders. Conclusions. High BMI is negatively associated with breastfeeding, whereas PCOS status per se does not appear to be related to breastfeeding initiation and duration, after adjusting for BMI.
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Nova |
2016 |
Eftekhari P, Forder PM, Majeed T, Byles JE, 'Impact of asthma on mortality in older women: An Australian cohort study of 10,413 women', Respiratory Medicine, 119 102-108 (2016) [C1]
Background Comorbid conditions frequently coexist with asthma in older adults and can alter the natural history of asthma, complicating management and affecting overall prognosis ... [more]
Background Comorbid conditions frequently coexist with asthma in older adults and can alter the natural history of asthma, complicating management and affecting overall prognosis and survival. Objectives This study investigates the impact of asthma on mortality among older women, with a specific interest in influence of comorbidities and social factors on survival of older women with asthma. Design Participants were from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health and were born between 1921 and 1926. Cox proportional hazards were used to evaluate mortality rates for women with and without asthma, after adjustment for comorbidities and other factors. Results Of 10,413 women aged 73¿78, 829 (8%) reported having been diagnosed by a doctor for asthma. Women with asthma had a higher likelihood of heart disease, hypertension, thrombosis, bronchitis/emphysema, osteoporosis and major illnesses (p¿<¿0.0001). Asthma was associated with increased risk of death (HR¿=¿1.31, 95%CI 1.18¿1.45, p¿<¿0.0001). After adjusting for age, demographic factors, comorbidities, risk factors, residential area and social support, women with asthma retained a 17% increased risk of death compared to women without asthma (HR¿=¿1.17, 95%CI 1.03¿1.32, p¿=¿0.016). Conclusion Older women with asthma have a higher rate of mortality compared with other women of the same age. This increased risk of death remains after age, demographic factors, comorbidities, risk factors, residential area and social support have been taken into account.
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Nova |
2016 |
Otterbach S, Tavener M, Forder P, Powers J, Loxton D, Byles J, 'The effect of motherhood and work on women's time pressure: A cohort analysis using the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health', SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF WORK ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH, 42 500-509 (2016) [C1]
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Nova |
2016 |
Vo K, Forder PM, Byles JE, 'Urinary Incontinence and Social Function in Older Australian Women', Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 64 1646-1650 (2016) [C1]
Objectives: To investigate the relationship between urinary incontinence (UI) and subsequent development of social dysfunction, using longitudinal data collected over 15 years fro... [more]
Objectives: To investigate the relationship between urinary incontinence (UI) and subsequent development of social dysfunction, using longitudinal data collected over 15 years from women aged 70 and older. Design: Longitudinal data from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health. Setting: Australia. Participants: Women born between 1921 and 1926 (aged 70¿75 in 1996, 85¿90 in 2011) (N = 12,432). Measurements: UI, social dysfunction, other health and demographic factors. Results: Generalized estimating equations were used to examine the association between social dysfunction and UI over time, adjusted for time, health, and social covariates. Social dysfunction and UI increased over time in older women. UI was associated with 30% greater odds of social dysfunction (P <.001), adjusted for time, health, and social covariates in the model with no time lag. UI was also associated with social dysfunction measured one survey period later (forward time lag) (odds ratio (OR) = 1.23, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.13¿1.34) and one survey period earlier (reverse time lag) (OR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.19¿1.43), indicating an absence of causality. Social dysfunction was associated with living in urban areas, more health conditions, poor mental health, providing care for other people, and poor physical function. Conclusion: UI was associated with social dysfunction in older women, although the association did not appear to be causal but reflective of the women's overall level of function and general health. UI is not necessarily socially debilitating, unless a woman has other health problems.
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Nova |
2016 |
Byles JE, Vo K, Forder PM, Thomas L, Banks E, Rodgers B, Bauman A, 'Gender, mental health, physical health and retirement: A prospective study of 21,608 Australians aged 55-69 years', Maturitas, 87 40-48 (2016) [C1]
Objectives We examined retirement transitions by gender, and different associations between retirement, physical function and mental health. Methods Data for 21,608 participants a... [more]
Objectives We examined retirement transitions by gender, and different associations between retirement, physical function and mental health. Methods Data for 21,608 participants aged 55-69 from the 45 and Up Study were used. Generalised estimating equations were used to investigate longitudinal associations between retirement with psychological distress (Kessler score, K10) and physical dysfunction across two time points, by gender separately. Results Retirement in men was associated with a 25% relative increase in mean physical dysfunction score (p < 0.001) and a 2% relative increase in mean K10 score (p = 0.004), although men with high physical dysfunction score had a 6% increase in mean K10 score (p = 0.005) if retired. For women, retirement was associated with a 17% increase in mean physical dysfunction score (p < 0.001), with no association observed with the K10 score. Results were adjusted for demographic and health covariates. Conclusion Retirement is associated with physical dysfunction over time. Retirement is not associated with psychological distress among women, but retirement is associated with psychological distress among men who have a high level of physical dysfunction. The findings point to the importance of attending to the physical and mental health needs, around the retirement period, particularly for men with poor physical health.
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Nova |
2016 |
Chojenta CL, Lucke JC, Forder PM, Loxton DJ, 'Maternal Health Factors as Risks for Postnatal Depression: A Prospective Longitudinal Study', PLoS ONE, 11 (2016) [C1]
Purpose While previous studies have identified a range of potential risk factors for postnatal depression (PND), none have examined a comprehensive set of risk factors at a popula... [more]
Purpose While previous studies have identified a range of potential risk factors for postnatal depression (PND), none have examined a comprehensive set of risk factors at a population-level using data collected prospectively. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between a range of factors and PND and to construct a model of the predictors of PND. Methods Data came from 5219 women who completed Survey 5 of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health in 2009 and reported giving birth to a child. Results Over 15% of women reported experiencing PND with at least one of their children. The strongest positive associations were for postnatal anxiety (OR = 13.79,95%CI = 10.48,18.13) and antenatal depression (OR = 9.23,95%CI = 6.10,13.97). Positive associations were also found for history of depression and PND, low SF-36 Mental Health Index, emotional distress during labour, and breastfeeding for less than six months. Conclusions Results indicate that understanding a woman's mental health history plays an important role in the detection of those who are most vulnerable to PND. Treatment and management of depression and anxiety earlier in life and during pregnancy may have a positive impact on the incidence of PND.
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Nova |
2015 |
Majeed T, Forder P, Mishra G, Byles J, 'Women, Work, and Illness: A Longitudinal Analysis of Workforce Participation Patterns for Women Beyond Middle Age.', J Womens Health (Larchmt), 24 455-465 (2015) [C1]
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Nova |
2015 |
Vo K, Forder PM, Tavener M, Rodgers B, Banks E, Bauman A, Byles JE, 'Retirement, age, gender and mental health: Findings from the 45 and Up Study', Aging and Mental Health, 19 647-657 (2015) [C1]
Objectives: To examine the relationships of retirement and reasons for retirement with psychological distress in men and women at the age of 45-79 years. Method: Data from 202,584... [more]
Objectives: To examine the relationships of retirement and reasons for retirement with psychological distress in men and women at the age of 45-79 years. Method: Data from 202,584 Australians participating in the large-scale 45 and Up Study was used. Psychological distress was measured by the Kessler psychological distress scale. Associations between different work status and reasons for retirement with psychological distress were assessed for men and women at different ages using logistic regression. Results: Being fully retired or unemployed was associated with the high levels of psychological distress compared to being in paid work for men and women aged 45-64 (p < 0.0001), and for men aged 65-74 years (p = 0.0014). At the age of 75-79 years, there was no difference in psychological distress between different work statuses. Among retirees, retirement due to ill health, being made redundant or caring duty was associated with the high level of psychological distress. Conclusion: The association between work and mental health underscores the importance of policies and strategies to encourage and enable people to continue in the workforce after age 55, particularly for men. Important reasons for retirement with worse mental health outcomes include redundancy, ill health and needing to care for family or a friend. These circumstances will affect whether a person can continue working and their risk of poor mental health, and both considerations should be addressed in developing approaches for maintaining older workers or assisting them with their retirement transition.
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Nova |
2015 |
Majeed T, Forder P, Mishra G, Kendig H, Byles J, 'A gendered approach to workforce participation patterns over the life course for an Australian baby boom cohort', Journal of Vocational Behavior, 87 108-122 (2015) [C1]
Population ageing and its future implications for governments and individuals have been central to much policy debate and research targeted to retain older people in the workforce... [more]
Population ageing and its future implications for governments and individuals have been central to much policy debate and research targeted to retain older people in the workforce. This study identified workforce participation patterns across the adult life course for women and men entering later life, and explored the influences of various early and adult life socio-demographic circumstances. Data were collected from 1261 men and women aged 60 to 64. years in the Life History and Health (LHH) Survey (a sub-study of the Sax Institute's 45 and Up Study, Australia) in 2010-11. LHH provides detailed information on personal histories of paid work, socio-economic resources from childhood (number of books and father's occupation) and adult life factors such as educational attainment, marital histories, childcare and informal caring. Latent class analysis (LCA) was undertaken to identify patterns of workforce participation for participants across their adult life. Significant gender differences were confirmed. Further analysis (LCA with covariates) showed that women who reported having books during childhood, and those who had post-school qualification, were more likely to have mostly been in paid work and less likely to have not been in paid work; while ever partnered women had significantly higher odds of increasing part time work over time. Men who had reported ever having had informal caring activities were likely to have had decreasing participation in paid work over time, and were highly likely to be not in paid work after 55. years. Ever partnered status was protective for being in paid work for men. These findings indicate the need for gender-specific policies and strategies to enable continued workforce participation throughout adult life and into later working years, particularly for people who had fewer social or economic opportunities earlier in life.
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Nova |
2015 |
Baker J, Janda M, Gebski V, Forder P, Hogg R, Manolitsas T, Obermair A, 'Lower preoperative quality of life increases postoperative risk of adverse events in women with endometrial cancer: Results from the LACE trial', Gynecologic Oncology, 137 102-105 (2015) [C1]
Objective. To examine the association between preoperative quality of life (QoL) and postoperative adverse events in women treated for endometrial cancer. Methods. 760womenwith ap... [more]
Objective. To examine the association between preoperative quality of life (QoL) and postoperative adverse events in women treated for endometrial cancer. Methods. 760womenwith apparent Stage I endometrial cancerwere randomised into a clinical trial evaluating laparoscopic versus open surgery. This analysis includeswomen with preoperative QoLmeasurements, from the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G) questionnaire, andwho were followed up for at least 6 weeks after surgery (n= 684). The outcomes for this study were defined as (1) the occurrence of moderate to severe adverse events within 6 months (Common Toxicology Criteria (CTC) grade =3); and (2) any serious adverse event (SAE). The association between preoperative QoL and the occurrence of AEwas examined, after controlling for baseline comorbidity and other factors. Results. After adjusting for other factors, odds of occurrence of AE of CTC grade =3 were significantly increased with each unit decrease in baseline FACT-G score (OR = 1.02, 95% CI 1.00-1.03, p = 0.030), which was driven by physical well-being (PWB) (OR = 1.09, 95% CI 1.04-1.13, p = 0.0002) and functional wellbeing subscales (FWB) (OR=1.04, 95% CI 1.00-1.07, p=0.035). Similarly, odds of SAE occurrence were significantly increased with each unit decrease in baseline FACT-G score (OR = 1.02, 95% CI 1.01-1.04, p = 0.011), baseline PWB (OR = 1.11, 95% CI 1.06-1.16, p < 0.0001) or baseline FWB subscales (OR = 1.05, 95% CI 1.01- 1.10, p = 0.0077). Conclusion. Women with early endometrial cancer presenting with lower QoL prior to surgery are at higher risk of developing a serious adverse event following surgery. Funding. Cancer Council Queensland, Cancer Council NewSouthWales, Cancer Council Victoria, Cancer Council, Western Australia; NHMRC project grant 456110; Cancer Australia project grant 631523; The Women and Infants Research Foundation, Western Australia; Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital Foundation; Wesley Research Institute; Gallipoli Research Foundation; Gynetech; TYCO Healthcare, Australia; Johnson and Johnson Medical, Australia; Hunter New England Centre for Gynaecological Cancer; Genesis Oncology Trust; and Smart Health Research Grant QLD Health.
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Nova |
2015 |
Gresham E, Forder P, Chojenta CL, Byles JE, Loxton DJ, Hure AJ, 'Agreement between self-reported perinatal outcomes and administrative data in New South Wales, Australia', BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 15 (2015) [C1]
Background: Many epidemiological studies that focus on pregnancy rely on maternal self-report of perinatal outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the agreement between se... [more]
Background: Many epidemiological studies that focus on pregnancy rely on maternal self-report of perinatal outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the agreement between self-reported perinatal outcomes (gestational hypertension with or without proteinuria, gestational diabetes, premature birth and low birth weight) in a longitudinal study and linked to administrative data (medical records). Methods: Self-reported survey data from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health was linked with the New South Wales Perinatal Data Collection. Agreement between the two sources was evaluated using percentage agreement and kappa statistics. Analyses were conducted at two levels by: i) the mother and ii) each individual child. Results: Women reliably self-report their perinatal outcomes (=87 % agreement). Gestational hypertension with or without proteinuria had the lowest level of agreement. Mothers' reports of perinatal outcomes were more reliable when evaluated by child. Restricting the analysis to complete and consistent reporting further strengthened the reliability of the child-specific data, increasing the agreement from >92 to >95 % for all outcomes. Conclusions: The present study offers a high degree of confidence in the use of maternal self-reports of the perinatal outcomes gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes, preterm birth and low birth weight in epidemiological research, particularly when reported on a per child basis. Furthermore self-report offers a cost-effective and convenient method for gathering detailed maternal perinatal histories.
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Nova |
2015 |
Byles JE, Leigh L, Vo K, Forder P, Curryer C, 'Life space and mental health: A study of older community-dwelling persons in Australia', Aging and Mental Health, 19 98-106 (2015) [C1]
Objectives: The ability of older people to mobilise within and outside their community is dependent on a number of factors. This study explored the relationship between spatial mo... [more]
Objectives: The ability of older people to mobilise within and outside their community is dependent on a number of factors. This study explored the relationship between spatial mobility and psychological health among older adults living in Australia.
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Nova |
2015 |
Alsalami MO, Forder PM, Milton AH, McEvoy MA, Byles JE, 'Associations Between Medication Use and Mental Health in Older Women: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of 5,502 Women Aged 76 to 81.', J Am Geriatr Soc, 63 1254-1255 (2015) [C3]
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2014 |
Chojenta C, Harris S, Reilly N, Forder P, Austin MP, Loxton D, 'History of pregnancy loss increases the risk of mental health problems in subsequent pregnancies but not in the postpartum', PLoS ONE, 9 (2014) [C1]
While grief, emotional distress and other mental health conditions have been associated with pregnancy loss, less is known about the mental health impact of these events during su... [more]
While grief, emotional distress and other mental health conditions have been associated with pregnancy loss, less is known about the mental health impact of these events during subsequent pregnancies and births. This paper examined the impact of any type of pregnancy loss on mental health in a subsequent pregnancy and postpartum. Data were obtained from a sub-sample (N = 584) of the 1973-78 cohort of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health, a prospective cohort study that has been collecting data since 1996. Pregnancy loss was defined as miscarriage, termination due to medical reasons, ectopic pregnancy and stillbirth. Mental health outcomes included depression, anxiety, stress or distress, sadness or low mood, excessive worry, lack of enjoyment, and feelings of guilt. Demographic factors and mental health history were controlled for in the analysis. Women with a previous pregnancy loss were more likely to experience sadness or low mood (AOR = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.11 to 2.76, p = 0.0162), and excessive worry (AOR = 2.01, 95% CI: 1.24 to 3.24, p = 0.0043) during a subsequent pregnancy, but not during the postpartum phase following a subsequent birth. These results indicate that while women who have experienced a pregnancy loss are a more vulnerable population during a subsequent pregnancy, these deficits are not evident in the postpartum. © 2014 Chojenta et al.
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Nova |
2014 |
Anderson AE, Hure AJ, Forder PM, Powers J, Kay-Lambkin FJ, Loxton DJ, 'Risky drinking patterns are being continued into pregnancy: a prospective cohort study.', PLoS One, 9 e86171 (2014) [C1]
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Nova |
2014 |
Reilly N, Harris S, Loxton D, Chojenta C, Forder P, Austin MP, 'The impact of routine assessment of past or current mental health on help-seeking in the perinatal period', Women and Birth, (2014) [C1]
Background: Clinical practice guidelines now recommend that women be asked about their past or current mental health as a routine component of maternity care. However, the value o... [more]
Background: Clinical practice guidelines now recommend that women be asked about their past or current mental health as a routine component of maternity care. However, the value of this line of enquiry in increasing engagement with support services, as required, remains controversial. Aim: The current study aimed to examine whether assessment of past or current mental health, received with or without referral for additional support, is associated with help-seeking during pregnancy and the postpartum. Methods: A subsample of women drawn from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health (young cohort) who reported experiencing significant emotional distress during pregnancy (N = 398) or in the 12 months following birth (N = 380) participated in the study. Results: Multivariate analysis showed that women who were not asked about their emotional health were less likely to seek any formal help during both pregnancy (adjOR = 0.09, 95%CI: 0.04-0.24) and the postpartum (adjOR = 0.07, 95%CI: 0.02-0.13), as were women who were asked about these issues but who were not referred for additional support (antenatal: adjOR = 0.26, 95%CI: 0.15-0.45; postnatal: adjOR = 0.14, 95%CI: 0.07-0.27). However, considerable levels of consultation with general practitioners, midwives and child health nurses, even in the absence of referral, were evident. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that enquiry by a health professional about women's past or current mental health is associated with help-seeking throughout the perinatal period. The clinical and resource implications of these findings for the primary health care sector should be considered prior to the implementation of future routine perinatal depression screening or psychosocial assessment programmes. © 2014 Australian College of Midwives.
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Nova |
2014 |
Majeed T, Forder PM, Byles J, 'Employment Status and Chronic Diseases: A Cross-sectional Study among 60 64 Year-old Men and Women', The International Journal of Aging and Society, 3 33-43 (2014) [C1]
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Nova |
2014 |
Kendig H, Byles JE, O'Loughlin K, Nazroo JY, Mishra G, Noone J, et al., 'Adapting data collection methods in the Australian Life Histories and Health Survey: a retrospective life course study', BMJ OPEN, 4 (2014) [C1]
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Nova |
2013 |
Loxton D, Powers J, Fitzgerald D, Forder P, Anderson A, Taft A, Hegarty K, 'The Community Composite Abuse Scale: Reliability and Validity of a Measure of Intimate Partner Violence in a Community Survey from the ALSWH', Journal of Women's Health, Issues & Care, 2 (2013) [C1]
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Nova |
2013 |
Halland M, Koloski NA, Jones M, Byles J, Chiarelli P, Forder P, Talley NJ, 'Prevalence Correlates and Impact of Fecal Incontinence Among Older Women', DISEASES OF THE COLON & RECTUM, 56 1080-1086 (2013) [C1]
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Nova |
2013 |
Chojenta CL, Loxton D, Lucke J, Forder P, 'A longitudinal analysis of the predictors and antecedents of postnatal depression in Australian women', Archives of Women's Mental Health, 16 (suppl 1) S111 (2013)
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2013 |
Byles JE, Forder PM, Grulich A, Prestage G, '"It's okay to ask." Inclusion of sexual orientation questions is feasible in population health surveys', AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH, 37 390-391 (2013) [C1]
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Nova |
2013 |
Anderson AE, Hure AJ, Forder P, Powers JR, Kay-Lambkin FJ, Loxton DJ, 'Predictors of antenatal alcohol use among Australian women: A prospective cohort study', BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 120 1366-1374 (2013) [C1]
Objective To identify predictors of antenatal alcohol consumption among women who usually consume alcohol. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting Australian Longitudinal Study o... [more]
Objective To identify predictors of antenatal alcohol consumption among women who usually consume alcohol. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health (ALSWH). Population or Sample A total of 1969 women sampled from the ALSWH 1973-78 cohort. Methods Women were included if they were pregnant in 2000, 2003, 2006 or 2009. The relationship between antenatal alcohol consumption and sociodemographics, reproductive health, mental health, physical health, health behaviours, alcohol guidelines and healthcare factors was investigated using a multivariate logistic regression model. Main outcome measures Alcohol use during pregnancy. Results Most (82.0%) women continued to drink alcohol during pregnancy. Women were more likely to drink alcohol during pregnancy if they had consumed alcohol on a weekly basis before pregnancy (odds ratio [OR] 1.47; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.13-1.90), binge drank before pregnancy (OR 2.28; 95% CI 1.76-2.94), or if they were pregnant while alcohol guidelines recommended low alcohol versus abstinence (OR 1.60; 95% CI 1.26-2.03). Drinking during pregnancy was less likely if women had a Health Care Card (OR 0.63; 95% CI 0.45-0.88) or if they had ever had fertility problems (OR 0.64; 95% CI 0.48-0.86). Conclusions Most Australian women who drank alcohol continued to do so during pregnancy. Prepregnancy alcohol consumption was one of the main predictors of antenatal alcohol use. Alcohol guidelines, fertility problems and Health Care Card status also impacted antenatal alcohol consumption. © 2013 RCOG.
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Nova |
2013 |
Reilly N, Harris S, Loxton D, Chojenta C, Forder P, Milgrom J, Austin M, 'Disparities in reported psychosocial assessment across public and private maternity settings: a national survey of women in Australia', BMC Public Health, 13 632 (2013) [C1]
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Nova |
2013 |
Reilly N, Harris S, Loxton D, Chojenta C, Forder P, Milgrom J, Austin M, 'Referral for Management of Emotional Health Issues During the Perinatal Period: Does Mental Health Assessment Make a Difference?', Birth, 40 297-306 (2013) [C1]
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Nova |
2012 |
Tonkin A, Hunt D, Voysey M, Kesaniemi A, Hamer A, Waites J, et al., 'Effects of fenofibrate on cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes, with and without prior cardiovascular disease: The Fenofibrate Intervention and Event Lowering in Diabetes (FIELD) study', AMERICAN HEART JOURNAL, 163 508-514 (2012) [C1]
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2012 |
Nair-Shalliker V, Fenech M, Forder PM, Clements MS, Armstrong BK, 'Sunlight and vitamin D affect DNA damage, cell division and cell death in human lymphocytes: A cross-sectional study in South Australia', Mutagenesis, 27 609-614 (2012) [C1]
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Nova |
2011 |
Fogarty G, Morton RL, Vardy J, Nowak AK, Mandel C, Forder PM, et al., 'Whole brain radiotherapy after local treatment of brain metastases in melanoma patients - a randomised phase III trial', BMC Cancer, 11 142 (2011) [C1]
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Nova |
2011 |
Sullivan D, Forder P, Simes J, Whiting M, Kritharides L, Merrifield A, et al., 'Associations between the use of metformin, sulphonylureas, or diet alone and cardiovascular outcomes in 6005 people with type 2 diabetes in the FIELD study', DIABETES RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE, 94 284-290 (2011) [C1]
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2010 |
Lovell MR, Forder PM, Stockler MR, Butow P, Briganti EM, Chye R, et al., 'A randomized controlled trial of a standardized educational intervention for patients with cancer pain', Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 40 49-59 (2010) [C1]
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2006 |
Byth K, Cox DR, Forder PM, 'Assessing the relationship between symptoms of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and pollen counts', Australian and New Zealand Journal of Statistics, 48 417-428 (2006) [C1]
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2006 |
Janda M, Gebski V, Forder PM, Jackson D, Williams G, Obermair A, 'Total laparoscopic versus open surgery for stage 1 endometrial cancer: The LACE randomized controlled trial.', Contemporary Clinical Trials, 27 353-363 (2006) [C1]
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2005 |
Forder PM, Gebski VJ, Keech AC, 'Allocation concealment and blinding: when ignorance is bliss - In reply', MEDICAL JOURNAL OF AUSTRALIA, 183 166-166 (2005)
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2005 |
Forder PM, Gebski VJ, Keech AC, 'Allocation concealment and blinding: When ignorance is bliss', Medical Journal of Australia, 182 87-89 (2005) [C1]
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2005 |
Keech A, Simes RJ, Barter P, Best J, Scott R, Taskinen MR, et al., 'Effects of long-term fenofibrate therapy on cardiovascular events in 9795 people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (the FIELD study): randomised controlled trial', Lancet, 366 1849-1861 (2005)
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2005 |
Scott R, Best J, Forder P, Taskinen M-R, Simes J, Barter P, et al., 'Fenofibrate Intervention and Event Lowering in Diabetes (FIELD) study: baseline characteristics and short-term effects of fenofibrate [ISRCTN64783481]', CARDIOVASCULAR DIABETOLOGY, 4 (2005)
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2004 |
The FIELD Study Investigators, 'The need for a large-scale trial of fibrate therapy in diabetes: the rationale and design of the Fenofibrate Intervention and Event Lowering in Diabetes (FIELD) study (ISRCTN64783481)', Cardiovascular Diabetology, 3 9 (2004)
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2003 |
Hauge W, Forder PM, Simes J, Hunt D, Tonkin A, 'Effect of pravastatin on cardiovascular events and mortality in 1516 women with coronary heart disease: Results from the Long-Term Intervention with Pravastatin in Ischemic Disease (LIPID) study', American Heart Journal, 145 643-651 (2003) [C1]
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2002 |
Hunt D, Young P, Simes J, Hague W, Mann S, Owensby D, et al., 'Benefits of pravastatin on cardiovascular events in older patients with coronary heart disease', Cardiology Review, 19 34-37 (2002) |
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2001 |
Hunt D, Young P, Simes J, Hague W, Mann S, Owensby D, et al., 'Benefits of pravastatin on cardiovascular events and mortality in older patients with coronary heart disease are equal to or exceed those seen in younger patients: Results from the LIPID trial', Ann Intern Med, 134 931-940 (2001) |
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2001 |
Young P, Purdie D, Jackman L, Molloy D, Green A, 'A study of infertility treatment and melanoma', MELANOMA RESEARCH, 11 535-541 (2001)
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1999 |
Green A, McCredie M, MacKie R, Giles G, Young P, Morton C, et al., 'A case-control study of melanomas of the soles and palms (Australia and Scotland)', CANCER CAUSES & CONTROL, 10 21-25 (1999)
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