Dr Rose Upton
Research Associate
School of Environmental and Life Sciences
Career Summary
Biography
Dr Rose Upton is a conservation and reproductive biologist in the School of Environmental and Life Sciences. Her research focusses on the development and application of assisted reproductive technologies, such as sperm cryopreservation and IVF, to the conservation of wildlife. This has led to her involvement in a number of initiatives to help advance application of these technologies to conservation programs within and outside of Australia.
Rose’s PhD focused on the hormonal induction and cryopreservation of sperm from Australian tree frogs (Pelodryadidae) and included the successful production of sexually mature individuals using cryopreserved sperm and IVF in both Litoria fallax and the endangered L. aurea. This research has potential to help manage genetic diversity in both captive and wild populations and reduce the cost of captive assurance colonies.
Following the unprecedented 2019/20 megafires in Australia, Rose was part of a team funded by Department of Agriculture, Water and Environment to monitor population size and collect sperm from ten fire-affected amphibian species in both burnt and unburnt sites along the East coast of Australia. Sperm cryopreservation was performed in the field to preserve genetic diversity. This project represents a crucial step towards applying laboratory research and developed assisted reproductive technologies across wildlife conservation. Rose has an interest in applying assisted reproductive technologies across other taxa and has collaborated on projects that focus on biobanking sperm in reptiles, assessing the cost and benefits of applying biobanking to captive breeding programs and has an interest in applying these technologies to the conservation of other Australian wildlife, such as the koala, which is currently predicted to be extinct by 2050.
Rose has also transferred these skills to a biomedical setting to help develop germplasm repository capabilities for the aquatic biomedical models the Mexican Axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum and the African Clawed frog, Xenopus laevis, aiding in preservation of valuable transgenic and mutant research lines developed by the National stock centers, Ambystoma Genetic Stock Center and National Xenopus Resource.
Qualifications
- Doctor of Philosophy in Biological Sciences, University of Newcastle
- Bachelor of Science, University of Newcastle
- Bachelor of Science (Honours), University of Newcastle
Keywords
- assisted reproductive technologies
- conservation
- cryopreservation
- herpetology
- reproduction
Languages
- English (Mother)
- Spanish (Working)
Fields of Research
Code | Description | Percentage |
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310903 | Animal developmental and reproductive biology | 100 |
Professional Experience
UON Appointment
Title | Organisation / Department |
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Lecturer | University of Newcastle School of Environmental and Life Sciences Australia |
Research Associate | University of Newcastle School of Environmental and Life Sciences Australia |
Teaching
Code | Course | Role | Duration |
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GRS4201 |
Reproduction and Planetary Health Monash University |
Guest Lecturer | 1/8/2022 - 28/8/2022 |
ENVS2006 |
Ecology and Management of Australian Fauna College of Engineering, Science and Environment |
Demonstrator | 1/1/2017 - 30/6/2020 |
ENVS6530 |
Environmental Management College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle |
Course Coordinator | 19/9/2022 - 30/11/2022 |
ENVS3003 |
Conservation Biology College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle |
Demonstrator | 1/7/2018 - 31/12/2020 |
ENVS2004 |
Ecology College of Engineering, Science and Environment |
Demonstrator | 1/7/2016 - 31/12/2022 |
BIOL1003 |
Professional Skills for Biological Sciences I College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle |
Demonstrator | 1/7/2018 - 31/12/2018 |
Publications
For publications that are currently unpublished or in-press, details are shown in italics.
Journal article (28 outputs)
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2024 |
Upton R, Calatayud NE, Clulow S, Brett D, Burton AL, Colyvas K, et al., 'Refrigerated storage and cryopreservation of hormonally induced sperm in the threatened frog, Litoria aurea.', Anim Reprod Sci, 262 107416 (2024) [C1]
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2024 |
Coxe N, Liu Y, Arregui L, Upton R, Bodenstein S, Voss SR, et al., 'Establishment of a Practical Sperm Cryopreservation Pathway for the Axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum): A Community-Level Approach to Germplasm Repository Development', Animals, 14 206-206 [C1]
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2023 |
Anastas ZM, Byrne PG, O Brien JK, Hobbs RJ, Upton R, Silla AJ, 'The Increasing Role of Short-Term Sperm Storage and Cryopreservation in Conserving Threatened Amphibian Species', Animals, 13 (2023) [C1] Multidisciplinary approaches to conserve threatened species are required to curb biodiversity loss. Globally, amphibians are facing the most severe declines of any vertebrate clas... [more] Multidisciplinary approaches to conserve threatened species are required to curb biodiversity loss. Globally, amphibians are facing the most severe declines of any vertebrate class. In response, conservation breeding programs have been established in a growing number of amphibian species as a safeguard against further extinction. One of the main challenges to the long-term success of conservation breeding programs is the maintenance of genetic diversity, which, if lost, poses threats to the viability and adaptive potential of at-risk populations. Integrating reproductive technologies into conservation breeding programs can greatly assist genetic management and facilitate genetic exchange between captive and wild populations, as well as reinvigorate genetic diversity from expired genotypes. The generation of offspring produced via assisted fertilisation using frozen¿thawed sperm has been achieved in a small but growing number of amphibian species and is poised to be a valuable tool for the genetic management of many more threatened species globally. This review discusses the role of sperm storage in amphibian conservation, presents the state of current technologies for the short-term cold storage and cryopreservation of amphibian sperm, and discusses the generation of cryo-derived offspring.
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2023 |
Hobbs RJ, Upton R, Calatayud NE, Silla AJ, Daly J, McFadden MS, O Brien JK, 'Cryopreservation Cooling Rate Impacts Post-Thaw Sperm Motility and Survival in Litoria booroolongensis', Animals, 13 3014-3014 [C1]
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2023 |
Gould J, Taylor J, Davies B, Donelly R, Schmahl K, Bugir CK, et al., 'Tadpole fingerprinting: Using tail venation patterns to photo-identify tadpole individuals of a threatened frog', Austral Ecology, 48 585-599 (2023) [C1] Traditional methods for identifying individual amphibians in capture¿mark¿recapture (CMR) studies have been primarily confined to post-metamorphic stages, using artificial markers... [more] Traditional methods for identifying individual amphibians in capture¿mark¿recapture (CMR) studies have been primarily confined to post-metamorphic stages, using artificial markers that come with a variety of limitations. An alternative that may open CMR studies to earlier life stages involves the use of a species' natural external markers in photo-based identification. In this study, we investigated whether it was possible to distinguish tadpoles of the threatened green and golden bell frog (Litoria aurea) at the individual level based on tail venation patterns. We collected photographs of the tails of captive-raised tadpoles using a smartphone over a 4-week period. This photo-library was used to create an electronic survey where participants were asked to detect matches for query tadpoles from small image pools. We found that most participants agreed on a match for each query, with perfect consensus achieved for most queries (83%). We detected a 14% decline in perfect consensus when participants were asked to match images of tadpoles separated by longer time intervals, suggesting that it is more difficult to visually identify recapture events of L.¿aurea tadpoles over extended periods due to changes to tail appearance. However, consensus was obtained by participants for all queries, with all matches verified as being correct by the primary researcher. The strength of agreement among participants with no prior experience in matching tadpole tails suggests that there is sufficient inter-individual variation in this feature for individuals to be manually identified. We thus propose that photo-identification is likely to be a valid, non-invasive technique that can be used for short-term studies on tadpole populations that display tail venation. This offers an alternative to artificial markers that may not allow for individual identification, while also opening up tadpole monitoring programmes to citizen scientists who can be recruited online to process image data from home.
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2023 |
Gould J, Clulow J, Rippon P, Upton R, Clulow S, 'All in one: single-season multi-clutching in an ephemeral pool-breeding frog that is otherwise virtually semelparous', Journal of Zoology, 320 226-235 (2023) [C1]
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2023 |
Upton R, Clulow S, Colyvas K, Mahony M, Clulow J, 'Paradigm shift in frog sperm cryopreservation: reduced role for non-penetrating cryoprotectants.', Reproduction, 165 583-592 (2023) [C1]
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2023 |
Campbell Grant EH, Amburgey SM, Gratwicke B, Chaves VA, Belasen AM, Bickford D, et al., 'Priority research needs to inform amphibian conservation in the Anthropocene', CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE, 5 (2023) [C1]
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2022 |
Hobbs RJ, Upton R, Keogh L, James K, Baxter-Gilbert J, Whiting MJ, 'Sperm cryopreservation in an Australian skink (Eulamprus quoyii)', Reproduction, Fertility and Development, 34 428-437 (2022) [C1]
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2021 |
Campbell L, Clulow J, Howe B, Upton R, Doody S, Clulow S, 'Efficacy of short-term cold storage prior to cryopreservation of spermatozoa in a threatened lizard', Reproduction, Fertility and Development, 33 555-561 (2021) [C1] Assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) have a significant role to play in reptile conservation, yet are severely lacking. Previous attempts to cryopreserve spermatozoa in the t... [more] Assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) have a significant role to play in reptile conservation, yet are severely lacking. Previous attempts to cryopreserve spermatozoa in the threatened lizard Varanus panoptes achieved approximately 48% motile sperm post-thaw for samples frozen immediately after collection. However, the feasibility of extended cold storage before cryopreservation has not been tested. We held V. panoptes spermatozoa at either 258Cor 48C for 8 days, assessing sperm motility at days 1, 2, 4 and 8. Subsamples were cryopreserved on days 1 and 4 following the previously reported protocol for this species. Percentage motility decreased rapidly at 258C, but did not decrease significantly until 4 days after collection at 48C, with .30% motility maintained after 8 days. There was no significant difference in post-thaw motility or viability of samples cryopreserved after 1 or 4 days storage at 48C, yielding substantial results for both parameters (mean motility 23.8% and 28.1% and mean viability 50.1% and 57.5% after 1 and 4 days respectively). We demonstrate the capacity to extend sperm viability for up to 8 days in unfrozen samples and to produce acceptable post-thaw motility in samples frozen after 4 days of storage, contributing to the development of valuable ARTs for lizards and other reptiles.
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2021 |
Howell LG, Frankham R, Rodger JC, Witt RR, Clulow S, Upton RMO, et al., 'Integrating biobanking could produce significant cost benefits and minimise inbreeding for Australian amphibian captive breeding programs', REPRODUCTION FERTILITY AND DEVELOPMENT, 33 573-587 (2021) [C1]
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2021 |
Upton R, Clulow S, Calatayud NE, Colyvas K, Seeto RGY, Wong LAM, et al., 'Generation of reproductively mature offspring from the endangered green and golden bell frog Litoria aurea using cryopreserved spermatozoa', Reproduction, Fertility and Development, 33 562-572 (2021) [C1] Amphibians are becoming increasingly reliant on captive breeding programs for continued survival. Assisted reproductive technologies including gamete cryopreservation and IVF can ... [more] Amphibians are becoming increasingly reliant on captive breeding programs for continued survival. Assisted reproductive technologies including gamete cryopreservation and IVF can help reduce costs of breeding programs, provide insurance against extinction and assist genetic rescue in wild populations. However, the use of these technologies to produce reproductively mature offspring has only been demonstrated in a few non-model species. We aimed to optimise sperm cryopreservation in the threatened frog Litoria aurea and generate mature offspring from frozen-thawed spermatozoa by IVF. We tested three concentrations (1.4, 2.1 and 2.8 M) of the cryoprotectants dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and glycerol with 0.3 M sucrose. Using DMSO was more likely to result in recovery of sperm motility, vitality and acrosome integrity than glycerol, regardless of concentration, with forward progressive motility being most sensitive to damage. The lowest concentrations of 1.4 and 2.1 M provided the best protection regardless of cryoprotectant type. Spermatozoa cryopreserved in 2.1 M DMSO outperformed spermatozoa cryopreserved in equivalent concentrations of glycerol in terms of their ability to fertilise ova, resulting in higher rates of embryos hatching and several individuals reaching sexual maturity. We have demonstrated that sperm cryopreservation and subsequent offspring generation via IVF is a feasible conservation tool for L. aurea and other threatened amphibians.
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2021 |
Howell LG, Frankham R, Rodger JC, Witt RR, Clulow S, Upton RMO, Clulow J, 'Integrating biobanking minimises inbreeding and produces significant cost benefits for a threatened frog captive breeding programme', Conservation Letters, 14 (2021) [C1]
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2020 |
Campbell L, Cafe SL, Upton R, Doody JS, Nixon B, Clulow J, Clulow S, 'A model protocol for the cryopreservation and recovery of motile lizard sperm using the phosphodiesterase inhibitor caffeine', CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY, 8 (2020) [C1]
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2020 |
Callen A, Hayward MW, Klop-Toker K, Allen BL, Ballard G, Broekhuis F, et al., 'Envisioning the future with compassionate conservation : An ominous projection for native wildlife and biodiversity', Biological Conservation, 241 (2020) [C1] The ¿Compassionate Conservation¿ movement is gaining momentum through its promotion of ¿ethical¿ conservation practices based on self-proclaimed principles of ¿first-do-no-harm¿ a... [more] The ¿Compassionate Conservation¿ movement is gaining momentum through its promotion of ¿ethical¿ conservation practices based on self-proclaimed principles of ¿first-do-no-harm¿ and ¿individuals matter¿. We argue that the tenets of ¿Compassionate Conservation¿ are ideological - that is, they are not scientifically proven to improve conservation outcomes, yet are critical of the current methods that do. In this paper we envision a future with ¿Compassionate Conservation¿ and predict how this might affect global biodiversity conservation. Taken literally, ¿Compassionate Conservation¿ will deny current conservation practices such as captive breeding, introduced species control, biocontrol, conservation fencing, translocation, contraception, disease control and genetic introgression. Five mainstream conservation practices are used to illustrate the far-reaching and dire consequences for global biodiversity if governed by ¿Compassionate Conservation¿. We acknowledge the important role of animal welfare science in conservation practices but argue that ¿Compassionate Conservation¿ aligns more closely with animal liberation principles protecting individuals over populations. Ultimately we fear that a world of ¿Compassionate Conservation¿ could stymie the global conservation efforts required to meet international biodiversity targets derived from evidenced based practice, such as the Aichi targets developed by the Convention on Biological Diversity and adopted by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and the United Nations.
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2019 |
Gould J, Valdez JW, Upton R, 'Adhesive defence mucus secretions in the red triangle slug (Triboniophorus graeffei) can incapacitate adult frogs', ETHOLOGY, 125 587-591 (2019) [C1]
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2019 |
Hayward MW, Scanlon RJ, Callen A, Howell LG, Klop-Toker KL, Di Blanco Y, et al., 'Reintroducing rewilding to restoration Rejecting the search for novelty', Biological Conservation, 233 255-259 (2019) [C1]
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2019 |
Hayward MW, Callen A, Allen BL, Ballard G, Broekhuis F, Bugir C, et al., 'Deconstructing compassionate conservation', Conservation Biology, 33 760-768 (2019) [C1] Compassionate conservation focuses on 4 tenets: first, do no harm; individuals matter; inclusivity of individual animals; and peaceful coexistence between humans and animals. Rece... [more] Compassionate conservation focuses on 4 tenets: first, do no harm; individuals matter; inclusivity of individual animals; and peaceful coexistence between humans and animals. Recently, compassionate conservation has been promoted as an alternative to conventional conservation philosophy. We believe examples presented by compassionate conservationists are deliberately or arbitrarily chosen to focus on mammals; inherently not compassionate; and offer ineffective conservation solutions. Compassionate conservation arbitrarily focuses on charismatic species, notably large predators and megaherbivores. The philosophy is not compassionate when it leaves invasive predators in the environment to cause harm to vastly more individuals of native species or uses the fear of harm by apex predators to terrorize mesopredators. Hindering the control of exotic species (megafauna, predators) in situ will not improve the conservation condition of the majority of biodiversity. The positions taken by so-called compassionate conservationists on particular species and on conservation actions could be extended to hinder other forms of conservation, including translocations, conservation fencing, and fertility control. Animal welfare is incredibly important to conservation, but ironically compassionate conservation does not offer the best welfare outcomes to animals and is often ineffective in achieving conservation goals. Consequently, compassionate conservation may threaten public and governmental support for conservation because of the limited understanding of conservation problems by the general public.
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2019 |
Browne RK, Silla AJ, Upton R, Della-Togna G, Marcec-Greaves R, Shishova NV, et al., 'Sperm collection and storage for the sustainable management of amphibian biodiversity', Theriogenology, 133 187-200 (2019) [C1]
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2018 |
Upton R, Clulow S, Mahony MJ, Clulow J, 'Generation of a sexually mature individual of the Eastern dwarf tree frog, Litoria fallax, from cryopreserved testicular macerates: proof of capacity of cryopreserved sperm derived offspring to complete development', CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY, 6 (2018) [C1]
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2018 |
Hall SE, Upton RMO, McLaughlin EA, Sutherland JM, 'Phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) and Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) follicular signalling is conserved in the mare ovary', Reproduction, Fertility and Development, 30 624-633 (2018) [C1] The mare ovary is unique in its anatomical structure; however, the signalling pathways responsible for physiological processes, such as follicular activation, remain uncharacteris... [more] The mare ovary is unique in its anatomical structure; however, the signalling pathways responsible for physiological processes, such as follicular activation, remain uncharacterised. This provided us with the impetus to explore whether signalling molecules from important folliculogenesis pathways, phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) and Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT), are conserved in the mare ovary. Messenger RNA expression of six genes important in follicle development was measured using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and protein localisation of key pathway members (PI3K, AKT1, phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN), JAK1, STAT3 and suppressor of cytokine signalling 4 (SOCS4)) was compared in tissue from fetal and adult mare ovaries. Tissue from adult ovaries exhibited significantly increased levels of mRNA expression of PI3K, AKT1, PTEN, JAK1, STAT3 and SOCS4 compared with tissue from fetal ovaries. PI3K, AKT1, JAK1 and STAT3 demonstrated redistributed localisation, from pregranulosa cells in fetal development, to both the oocyte and granulosa cells of follicles in the adult ovary, whilst negative feedback molecules PTEN and SOCS4 were only localised to the granulosa cells in the adult ovary. These findings suggest that the PI3K/AKT and JAK/STAT signalling pathways are utilised during folliculogenesis in the mare, similarly to previously studied mammalian species, and may serve as useful biomarkers for assessment of ovary development in the horse.
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2018 |
Clulow J, Pomering M, Herbert D, Upton R, Calatayud N, Clulow S, et al., 'Differential success in obtaining gametes between male and female Australian temperate frogs by hormonal induction: A review', GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY, 265 141-148 (2018) [C1]
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Show 25 more journal articles |
Conference (1 outputs)
Year | Citation | Altmetrics | Link | ||
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2018 |
Upton R, Clulow S, Seeto R, Wong L, Mahony M, Clulow J, '55th Annual Meeting for the Society for Cryobiology', Successful sperm cryopreservation and generated offspring of the endangered frog, Litoria aurea, Madrid (2018)
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Preprint (2 outputs)
Year | Citation | Altmetrics | Link | |||||
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2023 |
Upton R, Calatayud N, Clulow S, Brett D, Burton A, Colyvas K, et al., 'Refrigerated storage and cryopreservation of hormone induced sperm in a threatened frog (2023)
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2023 |
Calatayud NE, Jacobs L, Togna GD, Langhorne C, Mullen A, Upton R, 'Hormonal induction, quality assessments and the influence of seasonality on male reproductive viability in a long-term managed
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Grants and Funding
Summary
Number of grants | 5 |
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Total funding | $20,379 |
Click on a grant title below to expand the full details for that specific grant.
20241 grants / $6,725
Development of non-invasive biomarkers of stress, reproduction and immune activation in the endangered green and golden bell frog and Littlejohn’s tree frog and their integration into conservation d$6,725
Funding body: The Ecological Society of Australia Ltd (ESA)
Funding body | The Ecological Society of Australia Ltd (ESA) |
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Project Team | Associate Professor Phil Jobling, Doctor Rose Upton, Doctor Alex Callen, Dr Anne Ibbotson |
Scheme | Holsworth Wildlife Research Endowment |
Role | Investigator |
Funding Start | 2024 |
Funding Finish | 2024 |
GNo | G2300967 |
Type Of Funding | C3300 – Aust Philanthropy |
Category | 3300 |
UON | Y |
20221 grants / $7,500
George and Mary Rabb Fellowship$7,500
“Retention of genetic diversity of the endangered Littlejohn’s tree frog through sperm cryopreservation”
The Amphibian Conservation Action Plan (ACAP) has identified the complimentary conservation approach of using assisted reproductive technologies (ART), such as sperm cryopreservation, as a priority area of research. Progress in translating ART research into application has been a challenge. This grant will provide me the opportunity to bridge this gap in an endangered tree frog and a co-occurring threatened ground frog, representing two of the three native Australian frog families. To incorporate cryopreservation of sperm into the Litoria littlejohni and Heleioporus australiacus breeding programs I will: 1) validate the use of a previously developed cryopreservation protocol in a related Litoria species in L. littlejohni, whilst making preliminary attempts to achieve the same for H. australiacus and 2) collect and cryopreserve sperm from at least five founder males of the University of Newcastle’s L. littlejohni breeding program, as well from 15-20 males captured at the Blue Mountains and Central Coast populations.
Funding body: Amphibian Ark
Funding body | Amphibian Ark |
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Project Team | Rose Upton |
Scheme | George and Mary Rabb Fellowship |
Role | Lead |
Funding Start | 2022 |
Funding Finish | 2023 |
GNo | |
Type Of Funding | External |
Category | EXTE |
UON | N |
20201 grants / $2,009
Inspiring Australia Grant for Community Engagement$2,009
Funding body: Inspiring Australia
Funding body | Inspiring Australia |
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Project Team | Rose Upton, Alex Callen, Peter Howley |
Scheme | Inspiring Australia NSW |
Role | Investigator |
Funding Start | 2020 |
Funding Finish | 2020 |
GNo | |
Type Of Funding | External |
Category | EXTE |
UON | N |
20192 grants / $4,145
Society for Cryobiology Travel Award$2,145
Funding body: Society for Cryobiology
Funding body | Society for Cryobiology |
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Project Team | Rose upton |
Scheme | Travel Awards |
Role | Lead |
Funding Start | 2019 |
Funding Finish | 2019 |
GNo | |
Type Of Funding | External |
Category | EXTE |
UON | N |
Australian Society of Herpetology PhD Student Grant$2,000
Funding body: Australian Society of Herpetologists
Funding body | Australian Society of Herpetologists |
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Project Team | Rose Upton |
Scheme | PhD Student Grant |
Role | Lead |
Funding Start | 2019 |
Funding Finish | 2020 |
GNo | |
Type Of Funding | External |
Category | EXTE |
UON | N |
Research Supervision
Number of supervisions
Current Supervision
Commenced | Level of Study | Research Title | Program | Supervisor Type |
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2022 | PhD | Non-Invasive Physiological Biomarkers for Stress and Immune Function in Amphibians | PhD (Human Physiology), College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle | Co-Supervisor |
2022 | PhD | Creating a Working Cloning Model for Reversing Amphibian Species Declines | PhD (Biological Sciences), College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle | Co-Supervisor |
News
News • 16 May 2023
New method to thaw frozen frog sperm produces better swimmers
Scientists have uncovered a superior method of freezing and thawing frog sperm leading to improved sperm quality. Driven by mass declines of frogs worldwide, research into cryopreservation of amphibian sperm has expanded for the purposes of conservation.
Dr Rose Upton
Positions
Research Associate
School of Environmental and Life Sciences
College of Engineering, Science and Environment
Lecturer
School of Environmental and Life Sciences
College of Engineering, Science and Environment
Contact Details
rose.upton@newcastle.edu.au | |
Link | Personal webpage |