2025 |
Farrugia D, 'Sexual Harassment and Service Labor: Strategies and Relational Practices', Gender Work and Organization, 32, 1580-1592 (2025) [C1]
Sexual harassment and gender-based violence are longstanding concerns in studies of service work, but are typically analyzed in terms of interactions between workers and consumers... [more]
Sexual harassment and gender-based violence are longstanding concerns in studies of service work, but are typically analyzed in terms of interactions between workers and consumers within gendered definitions of "good service," neglecting the role of relationships amongst workers as a critical context that facilitates or constrains how workers can respond. However, literature on young women and harassment in leisure settings shows that women's safety is an ongoing relational construction¿something that women achieve together through relational work. Inspired by these insights and drawing on interviews with service workers, this paper explores how workers respond to sexual harassment from customers, managers and co-workers, and shows how workers¿primarily women but also sometimes men as well¿collaborate in managing sexual harassment at work. The paper therefore argues for a relational analysis of the way that women negotiate the gendered and heterosexualized power relationships of service labor.
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2025 |
Threadgold S, Shannon B, Haro A, Cook J, Davies K, Coffey J, Farrugia D, Matthews B, Healy J, Burrows R, 'Buy Now, Pay Later technologies and the gamification of debt in the financial lives of young people', Journal of Cultural Economy, 18, 52-67 (2025) [C1]
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Open Research Newcastle |
2025 |
Farrugia D, 'Post-industrial worker-citizenship', Journal of Youth Studies (2025) [C1]
This paper explores the everyday, informal politics of service work for young people, and suggests new research agendas in the area of youth, citizenship and work. In youth studie... [more]
This paper explores the everyday, informal politics of service work for young people, and suggests new research agendas in the area of youth, citizenship and work. In youth studies, perspectives on citizenship and work remain based on a paradigm focused on the formal entitlements granted to male industrial workers by the post-war welfare state, and therefore regard citizenship as a normative status that has been eroded by precarity. In contrast, this paper develops concepts of everyday or lived citizenship to explore how service workers critically engage with the power relations they encounter at work. The paper explores how workers make (or are prevented from making) claims for just treatment, how their informal relationalities and modes of belonging shape their working conditions, and how the dynamics of racialisation and everyday multiculturalism shape young people's capacity to exercise political agency. It therefore shows that informal citizenship is foundational to the power relations and working conditions of contemporary youth labour and re-positions of paid employment work as critical to discussions of everyday citizenship.
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2024 |
Coffey J, Senior K, Haro A, Farrugia D, Threadgold S, Cook J, Davies K, Shannon B, 'Embodying debt: youth, consumer credit and its impacts for wellbeing', Journal of Youth Studies, 27(5): 685-705., 685-705 (2024) [C1]
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Open Research Newcastle |
2024 |
Davies K, Cook J, Threadgold S, Farrugia D, Coffey J, Matthews B, Healy J, '“Winging it”: How youth workers navigate debt with young people', Children and Youth Services Review, 163, 107771-107771 (2024) [C1]
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Open Research Newcastle |
2024 |
Farrugia D, Coffey J, Gill R, Sharp M, Threadgold S, 'Youth and hospitality work: Skills, subjectivity and affective labour', JOURNAL OF SOCIOLOGY [C1]
Hospitality is popularly regarded as unskilled work and the industry relies on a young labour force. This paper examines the role of youth in the way that the 'unskilled&apos... [more]
Hospitality is popularly regarded as unskilled work and the industry relies on a young labour force. This paper examines the role of youth in the way that the 'unskilled' status of hospitality labour is defined and contested by workers. Drawing on qualitative data collected with hospitality workers, the paper creates new connections between theories of affective labour, the politics of skills, and conceptions of youth in relation to work. The paper shows that the capacity to be 'fun' and produce affects of enjoyment in hospitality venues is essentialised as an attribute of youth, who are regarded as essentially unskilled. Youth is enacted in the social relations of affective labour, including the requirement to produce affects of enjoyment. The paper shows how theories of affective labour can be developed to consider the materialities of low-wage service employment and demonstrates the significance of youthful subjectivities to social relations of hospitality work.
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2024 |
Avagianou A, Gialis S, Farrugia D, 'Precarious Youthspaces of Work and Diverse Economies in the EU South: A Conceptualization Attempt', Young, 32, 473-489 (2024) [C1]
Youth disengagement is widespread in the less developed regions of advanced capitalism, and precarity is constantly (re)produced in the youth labour markets there. In this context... [more]
Youth disengagement is widespread in the less developed regions of advanced capitalism, and precarity is constantly (re)produced in the youth labour markets there. In this context, 'diverse economies' such as the social economy (SE) and the digital platform-induced sharing economy (DPSE) have emerged as policy solutions to pressing social, economic and environmental challenges, particularly in the south of the EU. However, most relevant studies examine labour in these new economies without considering the socio-spatial and political factors at play. This article proposes a spatially sensitive conceptualization of the relationship between youth disengagement and employment in the SE and DPSE. Drawing on key concepts from critical geography and geographical political economy, as well as recent research on the spatiality of youth, the article suggests that contemporary 'precarious youthspaces of work' are created by¿and embedded in¿'dismantled techno-spatial fixes' and discusses the reciprocal relationship between such youthspaces and diverse economies.
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2024 |
Farrugia D, 'Ambient citizenship and noise in the service economy: young people and the everyday politics of work', Citizenship Studies, 28, 516-531 (2024) [C1]
This paper explores the informal citizenship practices of young service workers, and develops concepts of lived citizenship, ambient citizenship and political 'noise' in... [more]
This paper explores the informal citizenship practices of young service workers, and develops concepts of lived citizenship, ambient citizenship and political 'noise' into an analysis of the everyday politics of service labour. Drawing on interviews with young people working in retail, hospitality and call centres the paper examines the embodied interactions and relations of mutual reciprocity through which they experience and contest the power relations and gender inequalities of low-wage precarious work. The paper suggests ways of conceptualising the citizenship practices of young workers beyond the limited formal protections offered by the state, instead developing an analysis of the informal relationalities and political 'noise' of the service labour process.
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2024 |
Cook J, Farrugia D, Threadgold S, Coffey J, 'The impact of pandemic-related loss of work on young adults’ plans', Journal of Youth Studies, 27, 439-454 (2024) [C1]
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Open Research Newcastle |
2024 |
Threadgold S, Molnar L, Sharp M, Coffey J, Farrugia D, 'Hospitality workers and gentrification processes: Elective belonging and reflexive complicity', The British Journal of Sociology, 75, 892-907 (2024) [C1]
This paper contributes new understandings of the dynamics and processes of gentrification that contribute to wider transformations of class relations. We argue that the hospitalit... [more]
This paper contributes new understandings of the dynamics and processes of gentrification that contribute to wider transformations of class relations. We argue that the hospitality sector, specifically the tastes, dispositions and practices of young hospitality workers, are central in how gentrification processes currently function. We extend concepts of elective and selective belonging, and reflexive complicity, to analyse how young hospitality workers understand their own labouring practices as contributing to gentrification in their local areas. We show how their aesthetic and ethical orientations to place, especially their workplaces, make their experience of hospitality work more palatable. At the same time, their tastes are 'put to work' in venues that contribute to the vibes and aesthetics aimed at middle class consumption practices, while creating symbolic boundaries for long-term residents who are being ostracised in the process. In this way, the high cultural capital bar workers possess thus become spatial bouncers for high economic capital property developers, where reflexive complicity is instrumentalised as a process of symbolic violence. We propose that hospitality labour, and the everyday relationalities and working practices of young workers, are crucial for understanding the contemporary processes of gentrification and class formation.
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Open Research Newcastle |
2024 |
Threadgold S, Coffey J, Farrugia D, Cook J, 'Indebtpending: an ugly feeling of youthful financialised futurity', Journal of Youth Studies, Online Early, 1-16 (2024) [C1]
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2023 |
Cook J, Davies K, Farrugia D, Threadgold S, Coffey J, Senior K, Haro A, Shannon B, 'Buy now pay later services as a way to pay: credit consumption and the depoliticization of debt', CONSUMPTION MARKETS & CULTURE, 26, 245-257 (2023) [C1]
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Open Research Newcastle |
2023 |
Farrugia D, Coffey J, Threadgold S, Adkins L, Gill R, Sharp M, Cook J, 'Hospitality work and the sociality of affective labour', The Sociological Review, 71, 47-64 (2023) [C1]
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Open Research Newcastle |
2023 |
Coffey J, Farrugia D, Gill R, Threadgold S, Sharp M, Adkins L, 'Femininity work: The gendered politics of women managing violence in bar work', Gender, Work and Organization, 30, 1694-1708 (2023) [C1]
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Open Research Newcastle |
2022 |
Farrugia D, Cook J, Senior K, Threadgold S, Coffey J, Davies K, Haro A, Shannon B, 'Youth and the consumption of credit', Current Sociology, Online Early (2022) [C1]
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Open Research Newcastle |
2022 |
Sharp M, Farrugia D, Coffey J, Threadgold S, Adkins L, Gill R, 'Queer subjectivities in hospitality labor', Gender, Work and Organization, 29, 1511-1525 (2022) [C1]
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Open Research Newcastle |
2021 |
Farrugia D, Zerafa C, Cini T, Kuasney B, Livori K, 'A Real-Time Prescriptive Solution for Explainable Cyber-Fraud Detection Within the iGaming Industry', SN Computer Science, 2 (2021) [C1]
This paper presents a real-time fully autonomous prescriptive solution for explainable cyber-fraud detection within the iGaming industry. We demonstrate how our solution facilitat... [more]
This paper presents a real-time fully autonomous prescriptive solution for explainable cyber-fraud detection within the iGaming industry. We demonstrate how our solution facilitates the time-consuming task of player risk and fraud assessment through prescriptive analytics. Our tool leverages machine learning algorithms and advancements in the field of eXplainable AI to derive smarter predictions empowered by local interpretable explanations in real-time. Our best-performing pipeline was able to predict fraudulent behaviour with an average precision of 84.2% and an area under the receiver operating characteristics of 0.82 on our dataset. We also addressed the phenomenon of concept-drift and discussed our empirical and data-driven strategy for detecting and dealing with this problem. Finally, we cover how local interpretable explanations can help adopt a pro-active stance in fighting fraud.
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2021 |
Gerrard J, Farrugia D, 'Class, affective labour and exploitation: Unemployment and the creation of work on the margins', SOCIOLOGICAL REVIEW, 69, 240-255 (2021) [C1]
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Open Research Newcastle |
2021 |
Farrugia D, 'Youth, Work and 'Career' as a Way of Talking about the Self', WORK EMPLOYMENT AND SOCIETY, 35, 856-871 (2021) [C1]
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Open Research Newcastle |
2021 |
Farrugia D, 'Youth, work and global capitalism: new directions', JOURNAL OF YOUTH STUDIES, 24, 372-387 (2021) [C1]
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Open Research Newcastle |
2021 |
Cook J, Threadgold S, Farrugia D, Coffey J, 'Youth, Precarious Work and the Pandemic', YOUNG, 29, 331-348 (2021) [C1]
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Open Research Newcastle |
2021 |
Coffey J, Cook J, Farrugia D, Threadgold S, Burke PJ, 'Intersecting marginalities: International students' struggles for “survival” in COVID-19', Gender, Work & Organization, 28, 1337-1351-1337-1351 (2021) [C1]
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Open Research Newcastle |
2021 |
Threadgold S, Farrugia D, Coffey J, 'Affective labour and class distinction in the night-time economy', The Sociological Review, 69, 1013-1028 (2021) [C1]
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Open Research Newcastle |
2020 |
Farrugia D, 'Class, place and mobility beyond the global city: stigmatisation and the cosmopolitanisation of the local', Journal of Youth Studies, 23, 237-251 (2020) [C1]
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Open Research Newcastle |
2019 |
Farrugia D, 'How youth become workers: Identity, inequality and the post-Fordist self', JOURNAL OF SOCIOLOGY, 55, 708-723 (2019) [C1]
Post-Fordism describes a situation in which precarity and un/underemployment becomes normalised while the requirement for young people to seek subjectivity through work is intensi... [more]
Post-Fordism describes a situation in which precarity and un/underemployment becomes normalised while the requirement for young people to seek subjectivity through work is intensified. In this context, this article draws on interviews with youth living in regions of high youth unemployment to examine how young people create identities as workers. The article shows that young people approach the cultivation of a working self in terms of how the capacity for productive labour contributes to projects of 'self-realisation'. Classed subjectivities are formed through the different ethics through which young people approach the formation of the self as a worker. This demonstrates how the disciplinary requirements of work contribute to the contemporary experience of class among youth. The article concludes by suggesting that generational shifts in the experience of youth currently associated with employment insecurity can be usefully understood in terms of the dynamics of post-Fordist labouring subjectivities.
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Open Research Newcastle |
2019 |
Farrugia D, 'Class and the post-Fordist work ethic: Subjects of passion and subjects of achievement in the work society', SOCIOLOGICAL REVIEW, 67, 1086-1101 (2019) [C1]
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Open Research Newcastle |
2019 |
Farrugia D, Hanley JE, Sherval M, Askland HH, Askew MG, Coffey JE, Threadgold SR, 'The local politics of rural land use: Place, extraction industries and narratives of contemporary rurality', JOURNAL OF SOCIOLOGY, 55, 306-322 (2019) [C1]
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Open Research Newcastle |
2019 |
Farrugia D, 'The formation of young workers: The cultivation of the self as a subject of value to the contemporary labour force', CURRENT SOCIOLOGY, 67, 47-63 (2019) [C1]
This article explores the practices through which young people cultivate themselves as subjects of value to the post-Fordist labour force. In this, the article goes beyond an exis... [more]
This article explores the practices through which young people cultivate themselves as subjects of value to the post-Fordist labour force. In this, the article goes beyond an existing emphasis on young people's 'transitions' through employment, to a focus on the practices through which young people are formed as labouring subjects, and therefore on the relationship between youth subjectivities and post-Fordist labour force formation. Theoretically, the article builds upon increasingly influential suggestions in studies of post-Fordism that the formation of post-Fordist workers now takes place through the conversion of the whole of a subject's life into the capacity for labour, including affective styles, modes of relationality, and characteristics usually not considered as productive dimensions of the self. In this context, the article shows that whilst young people form themselves as workers through practices that are not specific to institutionalised definitions of education and labour, these practices ¿ and the modes of selfhood they aim to cultivate ¿ vary in ways that contribute to classed divisions within post-Fordist societies. In this, the study of the formation of young workers offers a critical insight into the way that the formation of subjectivities intertwines with the disciplinary requirements of post-Fordist labour in their classed manifestations.
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Open Research Newcastle |
2018 |
Farrugia D, 'Youthfulness and immaterial labour in the new economy', Sociological Review, 66, 511-526 (2018) [C1]
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Open Research Newcastle |
2018 |
Sherval M, Askland H, Askew M, Hanley J, Farrugia D, Threadgold SR, Coffey J, 'Farmers as modern-day stewards and the rise of new rural citizenship in the battle over land use', Local Environment: the international journal of justice and sustainability, 23, 100-116 (2018) [C1]
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Open Research Newcastle |
2018 |
Threadgold SR, Farrugia D, Askland H, Askew M, Hanley J, Sherval M, Coffey J, 'Affect, risk and local politics of knowledge: changing land use in Narrabri, NSW', Environmental Sociology, 4, 393-404 (2018) [C1]
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Open Research Newcastle |
2018 |
Threadgold SR, Farrugia D, Coffey J, 'Young subjectivities and affective labour in the service economy', Journal of Youth Studies, 21, 272-287 (2018) [C1]
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Open Research Newcastle |
2018 |
Coffey J, Threadgold SR, Farrugia D, Sherval M, Hanley J, Askew M, Askland H, '‘If you lose your youth, you lose your heart and your future’: Affective figures of youth in community tensions surrounding a proposed Coal Seam Gas project', Sociologica Ruralis, 58, 665-683 (2018) [C1]
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Open Research Newcastle |
2018 |
Coffey JE, Farrugia DM, Adkins L, Threadgold SR, 'Gender, Sexuality, and Risk in the Practice of Affective Labour for Young Women in Bar Work', SOCIOLOGICAL RESEARCH ONLINE, 23, 728-743 (2018) [C1]
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Open Research Newcastle |
2017 |
Farrugia D, Wood BE, 'Youth and Spatiality: Towards Interdisciplinarity in Youth Studies', YOUNG, 25, 209-218 (2017) [C1]
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Open Research Newcastle |
2016 |
Farrugia D, Gerrard J, 'Academic Knowledge and Contemporary Poverty: The Politics of Homelessness Research', Sociology, 50 267-284 (2016) [C1]
This article explores the field of homelessness research in relation to the dynamics of contemporary inequality and governmentality, arguing that the dominant perspectives within ... [more]
This article explores the field of homelessness research in relation to the dynamics of contemporary inequality and governmentality, arguing that the dominant perspectives within this field have developed in ways that can converge with the demands of neoliberal governance. The article discusses the causal focus of much homelessness research, the emergence of the 'orthodoxy' of homelessness research and new approaches emphasising subjectivity and arguing for a 'culture of homelessness'. We suggest that homelessness has been constructed as a discrete analytical object extraordinary to the social relations of contemporary inequality. The authority to represent homelessness legitimately has been constituted through positioning 'the homeless' outside of a community of valorised and normatively legitimate subjectivities. The article concludes with reflections on an alternative politics of homelessness research that moves towards a critical engagement with the position of homelessness within the structural dynamics of late modernity.
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Open Research Newcastle |
2016 |
Farrugia D, Smyth J, Harrison T, 'Affective Topologies of Rural Youth Embodiment', Sociologia Ruralis, 1-17 (2016) [C1]
This article explores the affective, embodied dimensions of young rural people's relationship with space and place. Relationship with space and place has been recognised as a... [more]
This article explores the affective, embodied dimensions of young rural people's relationship with space and place. Relationship with space and place has been recognised as a significant dimension of rural youths' subjectivities but it has been primarily understood through representational perspectives which focus on young people's perceptions, images, or discursive constructions of their local places. In contrast, this article draws on non-representational approaches to subjectivity and space to highlight the embodied, sensuous entanglements between young people's subjectivities and the spaces they have inhabited and experienced. Qualitative data gathered as part of a project exploring youths' subjectivities in regional Australia shows that young people's experience of their rural locale, as well as their relationship to the city, reflect an affective topology of relations of proximity and rhythmic tempo which emerges from the relationship between the space of their bodily hexis and the spaces and places they are situated within. These non-representational, embodied processes are intrinsic to rural youths' subjectivities and structure how young people approach and navigate their futures. © 2015 The Authors. Sociologia Ruralis
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Open Research Newcastle |
2016 |
Farrugia D, Smyth J, Harrison T, 'Moral distinctions and structural inequality: Homeless youth salvaging the self', The Sociological Review, 64, 238-255 (2016) [C1]
This paper explores the construction and contestation of moral distinctions as a dimension of contemporary structural inequality through a focus on the subjectivities constructed ... [more]
This paper explores the construction and contestation of moral distinctions as a dimension of contemporary structural inequality through a focus on the subjectivities constructed by young people who have experienced homelessness. Empirical material from two research projects shows that in young people's narratives of homelessness, material insecurity intertwines with the moral economies at work in neoliberal capitalist societies to construct homelessness as a state of moral disgrace, in which an ungovernable experience is experienced as a moral failure. When young people gain access to secure housing, the increasing stability and security of their lives is narrated in terms of a moral adherence to personal responsibility and disciplined conduct. Overall the paper describes an economy of worth organized around distinctions between order and chaos, self-governance and unruliness, morality and disgrace, which structures the experience of homelessness. As young people's position in relation to these moral ideals reflects the material conditions of their lives, their experiences demonstrate the way that moral hierarchies contribute to the existence and experience of structural inequalities in neoliberal capitalist societies.
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Open Research Newcastle |
2016 |
Farrugia D, 'The mobility imperative for rural youth: the structural, symbolic and non-representational dimensions rural youth mobilities', JOURNAL OF YOUTH STUDIES, 19, 836-851 (2016) [C1]
ABSTRACT: Mobilities of money, symbols and young people themselves are central to the formation of the contemporary youth period. While rural young people remain marginal to theor... [more]
ABSTRACT: Mobilities of money, symbols and young people themselves are central to the formation of the contemporary youth period. While rural young people remain marginal to theoretical development in youth studies, this paper shows that mobilities are especially significant for rural youth, who experience a kind of mobility imperative created by the accelerating concentration of economic and cultural capital in cities. Drawing on theory and evidence from contexts including Europe, Australia, Africa and South America, this paper explores the mobility imperative for rural youth and offers a new theoretical framework for understanding rural youth mobilities. The framework understands mobilities across three dimensions: the structural, the symbolic and the non-representational. These dimensions refer to material inequalities between rural and urban places in a global context; symbolic hierarchies that concentrate the resources for 'youthfulness' in cities and the affective entanglements between embodied subjectivities and spaces that emerge as young people move. The paper shows how these dimensions interact in the production and experience of the mobility imperative, offering an ontological and theoretical platform for future research into rural youth mobilities.
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Open Research Newcastle |
2015 |
Gerrard J, Farrugia D, 'The "lamentable sight' of homelessness and the society of the spectacle', URBAN STUDIES, 52, 2219-2233 (2015) [C1]
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Open Research Newcastle |
2015 |
Farrugia DM, Woodman D, 'Ultimate concerns in late modernity: Archer, Bourdieu and reflexivity', British Journal of Sociology, 66, 626-644 (2015) [C1]
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Open Research Newcastle |
2014 |
Farrugia D, 'Beside One's Self: Homelessness Felt and Lived', JOURNAL OF SOCIOLOGY, 50 387-389 (2014)
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2014 |
Farrugia D, Smyth J, Harrison T, 'Emplacing young people in an Australian rural community: an extraverted sense of place in times of change', Journal of Youth Studies, 17, 1152-1167 (2014) [C1]
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2014 |
Coffey J, Farrugia D, 'Unpacking the black box: the problem of agency in the sociology of youth', JOURNAL OF YOUTH STUDIES, 17, 461-474 (2014) [C1]
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2014 |
Farrugia D, 'Towards a spatialised youth sociology: the rural and the urban in times of change', JOURNAL OF YOUTH STUDIES, 17, 293-307 (2014) [C1]
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Open Research Newcastle |
2014 |
Farrugia D, Smyth J, Harrison T, 'Rural young people in late modernity: Place, globalisation and the spatial contours of identity', Current Sociology, 62, 1036-1054 (2014) [C1]
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2013 |
Farrugia D, 'Young people and structural inequality: beyond the middle ground', Journal of Youth Studies, 16, 679-693 (2013) [C1]
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2013 |
Farrugia D, 'Addressing the problem of reflexivity in theories of reflexive modernisation: Subjectivity and structural complexity', Journal of Sociology, 5 872-886 (2013) [C1]
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2013 |
Farrugia D, 'The reflexive subject: Towards a theory of reflexivity as practical intelligibility', Current Sociology, 61, 283-300 (2013) [C1]
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2012 |
Farrugia D, 'Surviving Teenage Motherhood: Myths and Realities', INTERNATIONAL SOCIOLOGY, 27 280-282 (2012)
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2011 |
Farrugia D, 'Youth homelessness and individualised subjectivity', Journal of Youth Studies, 14 761-775 (2011) [C1]
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2011 |
Farrugia D, 'Homeless youth managing relationships: Reflexive intersubjectivity and inequality', Young, 19 357-373 (2011) [C1]
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2011 |
Farrugia D, 'The symbolic burden of homelessness Towards a theory of youth homelessness as embodied subjectivity', JOURNAL OF SOCIOLOGY, 47, 71-87 (2011)
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2009 |
Farrugia D, 'Exploring stigma: medical knowledge and the stigmatisation of parents of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder', Sociology of Health & Illness, 31, 1011-1027 (2009)
This paper analyses 12 parent interviews to investigate the stigmatisation of parents of children diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder. Drawing on poststructural accounts of... [more]
This paper analyses 12 parent interviews to investigate the stigmatisation of parents of children diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder. Drawing on poststructural accounts of the relationship between knowledge and subjectivity, the stigma concept is critically interrogated in order to address previous individualistic constructions of stigmatisation and to place stigma within the power dynamics of social control. The results of the study indicate that a child's diagnosis with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is critical for parents to resist stigmatisation. Parents experienced considerable enacted stigma, but successfully resisted felt stigma by deploying medical knowledge to articulate unspoiled subject positions. The institutionalisation of medical knowledge within the autism community was critical to this process. Resistance to enacted stigma was successful to the degree that medical constructions of deviance deployed by parents were accepted by others, notably those in power within institutions. It is concluded that poststructural accounts of subjectivity and social control provide a useful way of conceptualising stigmatisation. An acceptance of the painful nature of stigma as lived experience co-exists with an emphasis on the constantly negotiated nature of embodied subjectivity as a contingent social process to illustrate the conditions for active resistance to stigmatisation. © 2009 Foundation for the Sociology of Health & Illness-Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
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