2020 |
Chowdhury NZ, Albalawi O, Wand H, Allnutt S, Adily A, Kariminia A, et al., 'Psychosis and Criminal Offending: A Population-Based Data-Linkage Study', CRIMINAL JUSTICE AND BEHAVIOR, 48 157-174 (2020)
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2020 |
Adily A, Albalawi O, Kariminia A, Wand H, Chowdhury NZ, Allnutt S, et al., 'Association Between Early Contact With Mental Health Services After an Offense and Reoffending in Individuals Diagnosed With Psychosis', JAMA PSYCHIATRY, 77 1137-1146 (2020) [C1]
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2020 |
Alex A, Abbott KA, McEvoy M, Schofield PW, Garg ML, 'Long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and cognitive decline in non-demented adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.', Nutrition reviews, 78 563-578 (2020) [C1]
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2020 |
Weiss AM, Brown N, Wainwright R, Newtown C, Schofield PW, 'Feasibility of the Audio Recorded Cognitive Screen in the Assessment of Individuals Undergoing Electroconvulsive Therapy', Journal of ECT, 36 4-9 (2020) [C1]
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2020 |
Devanand DP, Liu X, Chunga RE, Cohen H, Andrews H, Schofield PW, et al., 'Odor Identification Impairment and Change with Cholinesterase Inhibitor Treatment in Mild Cognitive Impairment', Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, 75 845-854 (2020) [C1]
© 2020 - IOS Press and the authors. All rights reserved. Background: Anticholinergic challenge can induce odor identification impairment that indicates Alzheimer¿s disease (AD) pa... [more]
© 2020 - IOS Press and the authors. All rights reserved. Background: Anticholinergic challenge can induce odor identification impairment that indicates Alzheimer¿s disease (AD) pathology, and short-term change in odor identification impairment with cholinesterase inhibitor (CheI) treatment may predict longer term cognitive outcomes. Objective: In patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) treated prospectively with donepezil, a CheI, for 52 weeks, to determine if 1) acute decline in odor identification ability with anticholinergic challenge can predict cognitive improvement, and 2) change in odor identification over 8 weeks can predict cognitive improvement. Methods: MCI was diagnosed clinically without AD biomarkers. At baseline, the University of Pennsylvania Smell identification Test (UPSIT) was administered before and after an anticholinergic atropine nasal spray challenge. Donepezil was started at 5mg daily, increased to 10 mg daily if tolerated, and this dose was maintained for 52 weeks. Main outcomes were ADAS-Cog total score and Selective Reminding Test (SRT) total immediate recall score measured at baseline, 26 and 52 weeks. Results: In 100 study participants, mean age 70.14 (SD 9.35) years, atropine-induced decrease in UPSIT score at baseline was not associated with change in ADAS-Cog or SRT scores over 52 weeks. Change in UPSIT score from 0 to 8 weeks did not show a significant association with change in the ADAS-Cog or SRT measures over 52 weeks. Conclusion: These negative findings in a relatively large sample of patients with MCI did not replicate results in much smaller samples. Change in odor identification with anticholinergic challenge, and over 8 weeks, may not be useful predictors of cognitive improvement with CheI in patients with MCI.
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2020 |
Karystianis G, Simpson A, Adily A, Schofield P, Greenberg D, Wand H, et al., 'Prevalence of Mental Illnesses in Domestic Violence Police Records: Text Mining Study', JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INTERNET RESEARCH, 22 (2020)
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2020 |
Maltby VE, Lea RA, Ribbons K, Lea MG, Schofield PW, Lechner-Scott J, 'Comparison of BICAMS and ARCS for assessment of cognition in multiple sclerosis and predictive value of employment status', Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders, 41 (2020) [C1]
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2019 |
Patterson AJ, Magennis E, McEvoy M, MacDonald-Wicks L, 'Dietary long-chain fatty acids and cognitive performance in older Australian adults', Nutrients, 11 (2019) [C1]
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2019 |
Davies G, Lam M, Harris SE, Trampush JW, Luciano M, Hill WD, et al., 'Study of 300,486 individuals identifies 148 independent genetic loci influencing general cognitive function (vol 9, 2098, 2018)', NATURE COMMUNICATIONS, 10 (2019)
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2019 |
Schofield PW, Xu A, Simpson P, Greenberg D, Lee J, Knight L, Butler T, 'Pharmacotherapy to reduce violent offending? Offenders might be interested', AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY, 53 697-698 (2019)
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2019 |
Settumba SN, Shanahan M, Chambers GM, Schofield P, Butler T, 'Assessing societal and offender perspectives on the value of offender healthcare: a stated preference research protocol', BMJ OPEN, 9 (2019)
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2019 |
Chowdhury NZ, Albalawi O, Wand H, Adily A, Kariminia A, Allnutt S, et al., 'First diagnosis of psychosis in the prison: results from a data-linkage study', BJPSYCH OPEN, 5 (2019) [C1]
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2019 |
Schofield PW, Mason R, Nelson PK, Kenny D, Butler T, 'Traumatic brain injury is highly associated with self-reported childhood trauma within a juvenile offender cohort', Brain Injury, 33 412-418 (2019) [C1]
© 2018, © 2018 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. Primary objective: To identify correlates of past traumatic brain injury (TBI) in a population of young offenders. Research desig... [more]
© 2018, © 2018 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. Primary objective: To identify correlates of past traumatic brain injury (TBI) in a population of young offenders. Research design: Cross-sectional analyses were conducted on available data from a sample derived from the NSW Young People on Community Orders Health Survey. Procedures: Study participants were administered questionnaires to collect history relating to past TBI, childhood trauma, substance abuse, and psychological/psychiatric symptoms and underwent assessments of intellectual functioning. Information on offending history was accessed through Juvenile Justice administrative records. Outcomes and results: Analyses were undertaken on data from 788 young offenders (672 males and 116 females). A past TBI was reported in 39%. Symptoms of psychological distress were more prevalent in females. A history of TBI was associated with more symptoms on a Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, as well as higher psychological distress (K-10), and higher levels on standardized measures of anger/violence, post-traumatic stress, and substance abuse. Conclusions: The experience of early life trauma warrants further consideration as an antecedent to both childhood TBI and offending which might account for some of the previously observed association of mild TBI with subsequent offending behavior.
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2019 |
Karystianis G, Adily A, Schofield PW, Greenberg D, Jorm L, Nenadic G, Butler T, 'Automated Analysis of Domestic Violence Police Reports to Explore Abuse Types and Victim Injuries: Text Mining Study', JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INTERNET RESEARCH, 21 (2019)
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2019 |
Karystianis G, Adily A, Schofield P, Knight L, Galdon C, Greenberg D, et al., 'Automatic Extraction of Mental Health Disorders From Domestic Violence Police Narratives: Text Mining Study (vol 20, e11548, 2018)', JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INTERNET RESEARCH, 21 (2019)
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2019 |
Schmidt AF, Holmes MV, Preiss D, Swerdlow DI, Denaxas S, Fatemifar G, et al., 'Phenome-wide association analysis of LDL-cholesterol lowering genetic variants in PCSK9', BMC CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS, 19 (2019) [C1]
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2019 |
Wong MWK, Braidy N, Pickford R, Vafaee F, Crawford J, Muenchhoff J, et al., 'Plasma lipidome variation during the second half of the human lifespan is associated with age and sex but minimally with BMI', PLOS ONE, 14 (2019) [C1]
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2018 |
Schofield PW, 'Comment: Type 1 diabetes, traumatic brain injury, and dementia Interactions or just bad luck?', NEUROLOGY, 91 781-781 (2018)
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2018 |
Wand H, Simpson M, Malacova E, Schofield PW, Preen DB, Tate R, Butler T, 'Individual- and Population-Level Impacts of Traumatic Brain Injury and Maternal Characteristics on Subsequent Offending Behavior', Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 33 167-176 (2018) [C1]
© 2018 Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. All rights reserved. Objective: To evaluate the individual- and population-level impact of a combination of factors, including traumatic br... [more]
© 2018 Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. All rights reserved. Objective: To evaluate the individual- and population-level impact of a combination of factors, including traumatic brain injury (TBI) and certain maternal characteristics, on subsequent criminal conviction. Design and Participants: A retrospective record linkage study involving a cohort of 30 599 individuals born between 1980 and 1985, with ratio of 1 (with TBI): 3 (no TBI), matched by sex and the year of birth. Methods and procedures: Cox proportional hazard regression models and population attributable risk percentages (PAR%) were used to assess the contribution of TBI and other risk factors on subsequent criminal convictions. Main Outcomes and results: Overall, individuals born to the teenaged mothers (<20 years) have significantly higher proportion of TBI than those born to older mothers (35% vs 22%; P <.001). In the gender-specific analyses, a history of TBI was associated with increased risk for criminal convictions (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 1.48, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.36-1.60, and aHR: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.22-1.73, for men and women, respectively). Maternal characteristics (maternal age, single parent, multiparity) were identified as the greater contributor to the criminal convictions (PAR%: 57% and 67% for men and women, respectively). The combined impact of mental illness, maternal factors, and TBI was estimated to be 67% and 74% (for men and women, respectively); with nonoverlapping 95% CIs for PAR%, these factors were estimated to have had a higher impact among females than among males. Conclusion: More than half of the criminal convictions were associated with a relatively small number of risk factors, including poor mental health, low socioeconomic status, and TBI as well as certain maternal characteristics.
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2018 |
Davies G, Lam M, Harris SE, Trampush JW, Luciano M, Hill WD, et al., 'Study of 300,486 individuals identifies 148 independent genetic loci influencing general cognitive function', NATURE COMMUNICATIONS, 9 (2018) [C1]
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2018 |
Settumba SN, Chambers GM, Shanahan M, Schofield P, Butler T, 'Are We Getting Value for Money from Behavioral Interventions for Offenders? A Research Note Reviewing the Economic Evaluation Literature', American Journal of Criminal Justice, 43 411-431 (2018) [C1]
© 2017, Southern Criminal Justice Association. Public expenditure on the criminal justice system represents a significant fiscal burden to government worldwide, making the economi... [more]
© 2017, Southern Criminal Justice Association. Public expenditure on the criminal justice system represents a significant fiscal burden to government worldwide, making the economic evaluation of interventions aimed at improving justice outcomes critical to informing resource allocation. This study systematically reviews and assesses the scope and quality of economic evaluations of behavioral interventions aimed at reducing reoffending. Only seventeen studies met the inclusion criteria, with wide variation in methodological approaches, including differences in costing perspectives, study design, and the definition of cost and outcome measures. The majority of behavioral interventions for offenders remain unevaluated from an economic perspective, representing a significant evidence gap for informing cost-effective and efficient allocation decision. Based on the studies reviewed, economic benefit can be derived from investing in offender behavioral programs. However, whether this investment represents ¿value for money¿ remains unclear. What is clear is that economic evaluations in the justice health sector lag behind research in other areas of public policy.
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2018 |
Karystianis G, Adily A, Schofield P, Knight L, Galdon C, Greenberg D, et al., 'Automatic Extraction of Mental Health Disorders From Domestic Violence Police Narratives: Text Mining Study', JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INTERNET RESEARCH, 20 (2018)
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2017 |
Gardner A, Iverson G, Wojtowicz M, Levi C, Kay-Lambkin F, Schofield P, et al., 'MR spectroscopy findings in retired professional rugby league players', International Journal of Sports Medicine, 38 241-252 (2017) [C1]
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2017 |
Ribbons K, Lea R, Schofield PW, Lechner-Scott J, 'Anxiety levels are independently associated with cognitive performance in an Australian multiple sclerosis patient cohort', Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 29 128-134 (2017) [C1]
© 2017, American Psychiatric Association. All rights reserved. Neurological and psychological symptoms in multiple sclerosis can affect cognitive function. The objective of this s... [more]
© 2017, American Psychiatric Association. All rights reserved. Neurological and psychological symptoms in multiple sclerosis can affect cognitive function. The objective of this study was to explore the relationship between psychological measures and cognitive performance in a patient cohort. In 322 multiple sclerosis patients, psychological symptoms were measured using the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale, and cognitive function was evaluated using Audio Recorded Cognitive Screen. Multifactor linear regression analysis, accounting for all clinical covariates, found that anxiety was the only psychological measure to remain a significant predictor of cognitive performance (p<0.001), particularly memory function (p<0.001). Further prospective studies are required to determine whether treatment of anxiety improves cognitive impairment.
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2017 |
Muenchhoff J, Song F, Poljak A, Crawford JD, Mather KA, Kochan NA, et al., 'Plasma apolipoproteins and physical and cognitive health in very old individuals', Neurobiology of Aging, 55 49-60 (2017) [C1]
© 2017 Elsevier Inc. Apolipoproteins play a crucial role in lipid metabolism with implications in cardiovascular disease, obesity, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, and longevit... [more]
© 2017 Elsevier Inc. Apolipoproteins play a crucial role in lipid metabolism with implications in cardiovascular disease, obesity, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, and longevity. We quantified 7 apolipoproteins in plasma in 1067 individuals aged 56¿105 using immunoassays and explored relationships with APOE polymorphism e2/3/4, vascular health, frailty, and cognition. ApoA1, ApoA2, ApoB, ApoC3, ApoE, ApoH, and ApoJ decreased from mid-life, although ApoE and ApoJ had U-shaped trends. Centenarians had the highest ApoE levels and the lowest frequency of APOE e4 allele relative to younger groups. Apolipoprotein levels trended lower in APOE e4 homozygotes and heterozygotes compared with noncarriers, with ApoE and ApoJ being significantly lower. Levels of all apolipoproteins except ApoH were higher in females. Sex- and age-related differences were apparent in the association of apolipoproteins with cognitive performance, as only women had significant negative associations of ApoB, ApoE, ApoH, and ApoJ in mid-life, whereas associations at older age were nonsignificant or positive. Our findings suggest levels of some apolipoproteins, especially ApoE, are associated with lifespan and cognitive function in exceptionally long-lived individuals.
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2017 |
Devanand DP, Lentz C, Chunga RE, Ciarleglio A, Scodes JM, Andrews H, et al., 'Change in Odor Identification Impairment is Associated with Improvement with Cholinesterase Inhibitor Treatment in Mild Cognitive Impairment', Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, 60 1525-1531 (2017) [C1]
© 2017 - IOS Press and the authors. All rights reserved. Background: Anticholinergic challenge can induce odor identification impairment that indicates Alzheimer's disease pa... [more]
© 2017 - IOS Press and the authors. All rights reserved. Background: Anticholinergic challenge can induce odor identification impairment that indicates Alzheimer's disease pathology. Objective: To determine if decline in odor identification ability with anticholinergic challenge can predict improvement with donepezil, a cholinesterase inhibitor (ChEI), in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods: At baseline, the University of Pennsylvania Smell identification Test (UPSIT) was administered before and after an anticholinergic atropine nasal spray challenge. Donepezil was started at 5 mg daily, increased to 10 mg daily if tolerated, and then the dose was kept constant for 52 weeks. Main outcomes were change in Selective Reminding Test (SRT) total immediate recall and ADAS-Cog total score from baseline to 26 and 52 weeks. Results: In 37 participants, mean age 70.4 (SD 9.8) y, greater atropine-induced decrease in UPSIT score at baseline was associated with greater improvement in SRT total recall score from baseline to 26 and 52 weeks (p < 0.03). This effect remained after adjusting for time, age, education, gender, APOE ¿4 status, and baseline cognitive score (p < 0.05). Decrease in UPSIT score was associated with global improvement (CIBIC-plus) over 52 weeks (p < 0.02). After excluding patients with congential anosmia, increase in UPSIT score from 0 to 8 weeks showed a trend-level association with improvement on the ADAS-Cog (p = 0.07). Conclusions: Anticholinergic challenge-induced odor identification decline was associated with cognitive improvement, and short-term improvement in odor identification tended to predict longer term cognitive improvement. These simple inexpensive strategies have the potential to improve selection of patients with MCI for ChEI treatment.
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2016 |
Gunathilake R, Oldmeadow C, McEvoy M, Inder KJ, Schofield PW, Nair BR, Attia J, 'The Association Between Obesity and Cognitive Function in Older Persons: How Much Is Mediated by Inflammation, Fasting Plasma Glucose, and Hypertriglyceridemia?', J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci, 71 1603-1608 (2016) [C1]
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2016 |
Williams IM, Schofield P, Khade N, Abel LA, 'Divided visual attention: A comparison of patients with multiple sclerosis and controls, assessed with an optokinetic nystagmus suppression task.', J Clin Neurosci, 34 187-192 (2016) [C1]
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2016 |
Ibrahim-Verbaas CA, Bressler J, Debette S, Schuur M, Smith AV, Bis JC, et al., 'GWAS for executive function and processing speed suggests involvement of the CADM2 gene', Molecular Psychiatry, 21 189-197 (2016) [C1]
© 2016 Macmillan Publishers Limited All rights reserved. To identify common variants contributing to normal variation in two specific domains of cognitive functioning, we conducte... [more]
© 2016 Macmillan Publishers Limited All rights reserved. To identify common variants contributing to normal variation in two specific domains of cognitive functioning, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of executive functioning and information processing speed in non-demented older adults from the CHARGE (Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology) consortium. Neuropsychological testing was available for 5429-32 070 subjects of European ancestry aged 45 years or older, free of dementia and clinical stroke at the time of cognitive testing from 20 cohorts in the discovery phase. We analyzed performance on the Trail Making Test parts A and B, the Letter Digit Substitution Test (LDST), the Digit Symbol Substitution Task (DSST), semantic and phonemic fluency tests, and the Stroop Color and Word Test. Replication was sought in 1311-21860 subjects from 20 independent cohorts. A significant association was observed in the discovery cohorts for the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs17518584 (discovery P-value=3.12 × 10 -8) and in the joint discovery and replication meta-analysis (P-value=3.28 × 10 -9 after adjustment for age, gender and education) in an intron of the gene cell adhesion molecule 2 (CADM2) for performance on the LDST/DSST. Rs17518584 is located about 170 kb upstream of the transcription start site of the major transcript for the CADM2 gene, but is within an intron of a variant transcript that includes an alternative first exon. The variant is associated with expression of CADM2 in the cingulate cortex (P-value=4 × 10 -4). The protein encoded by CADM2 is involved in glutamate signaling (P-value=7.22 × 10 -15), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transport (P-value=1.36 × 10 -11) and neuron cell-cell adhesion (P-value=1.48 × 10 -13). Our findings suggest that genetic variation in the CADM2 gene is associated with individual differences in information processing speed.
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2016 |
Mather KA, Thalamuthu A, Oldmeadow C, Song F, Armstrong NJ, Poljak A, et al., 'Genome-wide significant results identified for plasma apolipoprotein H levels in middle-aged and older adults', Scientific Reports, 6 (2016) [C1]
Apolipoprotein H (ApoH) is a multi-functional plasma glycoprotein that has been associated with negative health outcomes. ApoH levels have high heritability. We undertook a genome... [more]
Apolipoprotein H (ApoH) is a multi-functional plasma glycoprotein that has been associated with negative health outcomes. ApoH levels have high heritability. We undertook a genome-wide association study of ApoH levels using the largest sample to date and replicated the results in an independent cohort (total N = 1,255). In the discovery phase, a meta-analysis of two cohorts, the Sydney Memory and Ageing Study (Sydney MAS) and the Older Australian Twins Study (OATS) (n = 942) revealed genome-wide significant results in or near the APOH gene on chromosome 17 (top SNP, rs7211380, p = 1 × 10-11). The results were replicated in an independent cohort, the Hunter Community Study (p < 0.002) (n = 313). Conditional and joint analysis (COJO) confirmed the association of the chromosomal 17 region with ApoH levels. The set of independent SNPs identified by COJO explained 23% of the variance. The relationships between the top SNPs and cardiovascular/lipid/cognition measures and diabetes were assessed in Sydney MAS, with suggestive results observed for diabetes and cognitive performance. However, replication of these results in the smaller OATS cohort was not found. This work provides impetus for future research to better understand the contribution of genetics to ApoH levels and its possible impacts on health.
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2015 |
Doyle MF, Butler TG, Shakeshaft A, Guthrie J, Reekie J, Schofield PW, 'Alcohol and other drug use among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and non-Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander men entering prison in New South Wales', Health & Justice, 3 (2015) [C1]
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2015 |
Gardner A, Iverson GL, Levi CR, Schofield PW, Kay-Lambkin F, Kohler RMN, Stanwell P, 'A systematic review of concussion in rugby league', British Journal of Sports Medicine, 49 495-498 (2015) [C1]
© 2015, BMJ Publishing Group. All rights reserved. Objectives: Concussion remains one of the inherent risks of participation in rugby league. While other injuries incurred by rugb... [more]
© 2015, BMJ Publishing Group. All rights reserved. Objectives: Concussion remains one of the inherent risks of participation in rugby league. While other injuries incurred by rugby league players have been well studied, less focus and attention has been directed towards concussion. Review method: The current review examined all articles published in English from 1900 up to June 2013 pertaining to concussion in rugby league players. Data sources: Publications were retrieved via six databases using the key search terms: rugby league, league, football; in combination with injury terms: athletic injuries, concussion, sports concussion, sports-related concussion, brain concussion, brain injury, brain injuries, mild traumatic brain injury, mTBI, traumatic brain injury, TBI, craniocerebral trauma, head injury and brain damage. Observational, cohort, correlational, cross-sectional and longitudinal studies were all included. Results: 199 rugby league injury publications were identified. 39 (20%) were related in some way to concussion. Of the 39 identified articles, 6 (15%) had the main aim of evaluating concussion, while the other 33 reported on concussion incidence as part of overall injury data analyses. Rugby league concussion incidence rates vary widely from 0.0 to 40.0/1000 playing hours, depending on the definition of injury (time loss vs no time loss). The incidence rates vary across match play versus training session, seasons (winter vs summer) and playing position (forwards vs backs). The ball carrier has been found to be at greater risk for injury than tacklers. Concussion accounts for 29% of all injuries associated with illegal play, but only 9% of injuries sustained in legal play. Conclusions: In comparison with other collision sports, research evaluating concussion in rugby league is limited. With such limited published rugby league data, there are many aspects of concussion that require attention, and future research may be directed towards these unanswered questions.
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2015 |
Davies G, Armstrong N, Bis JC, Bressler J, Chouraki V, Giddaluru S, et al., 'Genetic contributions to variation in general cognitive function: A meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies in the CHARGE consortium (N=53 949)', Molecular Psychiatry, 20 183-192 (2015) [C1]
© 2015 Macmillan Publishers Limited. General cognitive function is substantially heritable across the human life course from adolescence to old age. We investigated the genetic co... [more]
© 2015 Macmillan Publishers Limited. General cognitive function is substantially heritable across the human life course from adolescence to old age. We investigated the genetic contribution to variation in this important, health- and well-being-related trait in middle-aged and older adults. We conducted a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of 31 cohorts (N=53 949) in which the participants had undertaken multiple, diverse cognitive tests. A general cognitive function phenotype was tested for, and created in each cohort by principal component analysis. We report 13 genome-wide significant single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) associations in three genomic regions, 6q16.1, 14q12 and 19q13.32 (best SNP and closest gene, respectively: rs10457441, P=3.93 × 10<sup>-9</sup>, MIR2113; rs17522122, P=2.55 × 10<sup>-8</sup>, AKAP6; rs10119, P=5.67 × 10<sup>-9</sup>, APOE/TOMM40). We report one gene-based significant association with the HMGN1 gene located on chromosome 21 (P=1 × 10<sup>-6</sup>). These genes have previously been associated with neuropsychiatric phenotypes. Meta-analysis results are consistent with a polygenic model of inheritance. To estimate SNP-based heritability, the genome-wide complex trait analysis procedure was applied to two large cohorts, the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study (N=6617) and the Health and Retirement Study (N=5976). The proportion of phenotypic variation accounted for by all genotyped common SNPs was 29% (s.e.=5%) and 28% (s.e.=7%), respectively. Using polygenic prediction analysis, ~1.2% of the variance in general cognitive function was predicted in the Generation Scotland cohort (N=5487; P=1.5 × 10<sup>-17</sup>). In hypothesis-driven tests, there was significant association between general cognitive function and four genes previously associated with Alzheimer's disease: TOMM40, APOE, ABCG1 and MEF2C.
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2015 |
Muenchhoff J, Poljak A, Song F, Raftery M, Brodaty H, Duncan M, et al., 'Plasma protein profiling of mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease across two independent cohorts', Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, 43 1355-1373 (2015) [C1]
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2015 |
Debette S, Ibrahim Verbaas CA, Bressler J, Schuur M, Smith A, Bis JC, et al., 'Genome-wide studies of verbal declarative memory in nondemented older people: The Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology Consortium', Biological Psychiatry, 77 749-763 (2015) [C1]
© 2015 Society of Biological Psychiatry. BACKGROUND: Memory performance in older persons can reflect genetic influences on cognitive function and dementing processes. We aimed to ... [more]
© 2015 Society of Biological Psychiatry. BACKGROUND: Memory performance in older persons can reflect genetic influences on cognitive function and dementing processes. We aimed to identify genetic contributions to verbal declarative memory in a community setting. METHODS: We conducted genome-wide association studies for paragraph or word list delayed recall in 19 cohorts from the Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology consortium, comprising 29,076 dementia- and stroke-free individuals of European descent, aged =45 years. Replication of suggestive associations (p < 5 × 10-6) was sought in 10,617 participants of European descent, 3811 African-Americans, and 1561 young adults. RESULTS: rs4420638, near APOE, was associated with poorer delayed recall performance in discovery (p = 5.57 × 10-10) and replication cohorts (p = 5.65 × 10-8). This association was stronger for paragraph than word list delayed recall and in the oldest persons. Two associations with specific tests, in subsets of the total sample, reached genome-wide significance in combined analyses of discovery and replication (rs11074779 [HS3ST4], p = 3.11 × 10-8, and rs6813517 [SPOCK3], p = 2.58 × 10-8) near genes involved in immune response. A genetic score combining 58 independent suggestive memory risk variants was associated with increasing Alzheimer disease pathology in 725 autopsy samples. Association of memory risk loci with gene expression in 138 human hippocampus samples showed cis-associations with WDR48 and CLDN5, both related to ubiquitin metabolism. CONCLUSIONS: This largest study to date exploring the genetics of memory function in ~40,000 older individuals revealed genome-wide associations and suggested an involvement of immune and ubiquitin pathways.
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2015 |
Schofield PW, Malacova E, Preen DB, D'Este C, Tate R, Reekie J, et al., 'Does Traumatic Brain Injury Lead to Criminality? A Whole-Population Retrospective Cohort Study Using Linked Data', PLOS ONE, 10 (2015) [C1]
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2015 |
Gelder BM, Loughland CM, Carr VJ, Schofield PW, 'Application of the Audio Recorded Cognitive Screen and its relation to functioning in schizophrenia', Acta Neuropsychiatrica, 27 279-290 (2015) [C1]
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2014 |
Zahodne LB, Schofield PW, Farrell MT, Stern Y, Manly JJ, 'Bilingualism Does Not Alter Cognitive Decline or Dementia Risk Among Spanish-Speaking Immigrants', NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, 28 238-246 (2014) [C1]
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2014 |
Oldmeadow C, Holliday EG, McEvoy M, Scott R, Kwok JBJ, Mather K, et al., 'Concordance between direct and imputed APOE genotypes using 1000 genomes data', Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, 42 391-393 (2014) [C1]
© 2014 - IOS Press and the authors. All rights reserved. There are a growing number of large cohorts of older persons with genome-wide genotyping data available, but APOE is not i... [more]
© 2014 - IOS Press and the authors. All rights reserved. There are a growing number of large cohorts of older persons with genome-wide genotyping data available, but APOE is not included in any of the common microarray platforms. We compared directly measured APOE genotypes with those imputed using microarray data and the '1000 Genomes' dataset in a sample of 320 Caucasians. We find 90% agreement for e2/e3/e4 genotypes and 93% agreement for predicting e4 status, yielding kappa values of 0.81 and 0.84, respectively. More stringent thresholds around allele number estimates can increase this agreement to 90-97% and kappas of 0.90-0.93.
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2014 |
Schofield PW, Finnie S, Yong YM, 'The Role of Olfactory Challenge Tests in Incipient Dementia and Clinical Trial Design', Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports, 14 (2014) [C1]
The brain changes associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) develop slowly over many years before the onset of dementia. Biomarkers for AD that allow its detection during this... [more]
The brain changes associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) develop slowly over many years before the onset of dementia. Biomarkers for AD that allow its detection during this clinically silent phase will be hugely important when disease-modifying treatments that halt or slow its progression become available. Early detection, leading to early treatment, may in some cases avert dementia. Biomarkers aid our understanding of the presymptomatic stages of the disease and enable the identification of individuals with early disease who, by participating in clinical trials of investigational treatments with disease-modifying potential, contribute unique and vital information necessary to evaluate novel therapies. Most currently available AD biomarkers are expensive and not widely available and there are major efforts underway to find cheaper, simpler options. The olfactory system is affected by AD and the results from simple and inexpensive tests of the sense of smell, especially when paired with other information, can help identify individuals early in the disease. We review recent literature relevant to the use of simple olfactory tests, including some novel approaches, as aids to the early detection of AD. We consider their possible role in the design and conduct of clinical trials and suggest how in the future, when more effective treatments become available, they might be integrated into screening programs for early AD detection. © 2014 Springer Science+Business Media New York.
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2014 |
McEvoy M, Schofield P, Smith W, Agho K, Mangoni AA, Soiza RL, et al., 'Memory Impairment is Associated with Serum Methylarginines in Older Adults', CURRENT ALZHEIMER RESEARCH, 11 97-106 (2014) [C1]
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2014 |
Napthali K, Boyle M, Tran H, Schofield PW, Peel R, McEvoy M, et al., 'Thyroid antibodies, autoimmunity and cognitive decline: is there a population-based link?', Dement Geriatr Cogn Dis Extra, 4 140-146 (2014) [C1]
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2014 |
Schofield PW, Moore TM, Gardner A, 'Traumatic brain injury and olfaction: A systematic review', Frontiers in Neurology, 5 JAN (2014) [C1]
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common condition that is often complicated by neuropsychiatric sequelae that can have major impacts on function and quality of life. An alteratio... [more]
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common condition that is often complicated by neuropsychiatric sequelae that can have major impacts on function and quality of life. An alteration in the sense of smell is recognized as a relatively common complication of TBI; however in clinical practice, this complication may not be sought or adequately characterized. We conducted a systematic review of studies concerned with olfactory functioning following TBI. Our predetermined criteria led to the identification of 25 studies published in English, which we examined in detail. We have tabulated the data from these studies in eight separate tables, beginning with Table 1, which highlights each study's key findings, and we provide a summary/synthesis of the findings in the accompanying results and discussion sections. Despite widely differing methodologies, the studies attest to a high frequency of post-TBI olfactory dysfunction and indicate that its presence can serve as a potential marker of additional structural or functional morbidities. © 2014 Schofield, Moore and Gardner.
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2013 |
Gunathilake R, Oldmeadow C, McEvoy M, Kelly B, Inder K, Schofield P, Attia J, 'Mild Hyponatremia Is Associated With Impaired Cognition And Falls In Community-Dwelling Older Persons', Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 61 1838-1839 (2013) [C1]
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2013 |
McEvoy MA, Schofield P, Smith W, Agho K, Mangoni AA, Soiza RL, et al., 'Serum methylarginines and incident depression in a cohort of older adults', Journal of Affective Disorders, 151 493-499 (2013) [C1]
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2013 |
McEvoy MA, Schofield PW, Smith WT, Agho K, Mangoni AA, Soiza RL, et al., 'Serum Methylarginines and Spirometry-Measured Lung Function in Older Adults', PLOS ONE, 8 (2013) [C1]
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2012 |
Reid MG, Parkinson L, Gibson RE, Schofield PW, D'Este CA, Attia JR, et al., 'Memory Complaint Questionnaire performed poorly as screening tool: Validation against psychometric tests and affective measures', Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 65 199-205 (2012) [C1]
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2012 |
Gardner AJ, Kay-Lambkin FJ, Stanwell PT, Donnelly J, Williams WH, Hiles A, et al., 'A systematic review of diffusion tensor imaging findings in sports-related concussion', Journal of Neurotrauma, 29 2521-2538 (2012) [C1]
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2012 |
Schofield PW, Ebrahimi H, Jones AL, Bateman GA, Murray SR, 'An olfactory 'stress test' may detect preclinical Alzheimer's disease', BMC Neurology, 12 1-8 (2012) [C1]
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2012 |
Huang L, Chardon JW, Carter MT, Friend KL, Dudding TE, Schwartzentruber J, et al., 'Missense mutations in ITPR1 cause autosomal dominant congenital nonprogressive spinocerebellar ataxia', Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases, 7 (2012) [C1]
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2011 |
Schofield P, Perkes I, Butler T, Hollis S, 'Letter to the editor - Response', Brain Injury, 25 1028 (2011)
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2011 |
Schofield PW, Butler T, Hollis S, D'Este CA, 'Are prisoners reliable survey respondents? A validation of self-reported traumatic brain injury (TBI) against hospital medical records', Brain Injury, 25 74-82 (2011) [C1]
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2011 |
Perkes IE, Schofield PW, Butler T, Hollis SJ, 'Traumatic brain injury rates and sequelae: A comparison of prisoners with a matched community sample in Australia', Brain Injury, 25 131-141 (2011) [C1]
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2010 |
Butler T, Schofield PW, Greenberg D, Allnutt SH, Indig D, Carr V, et al., 'Reducing impulsivity in repeat violent offenders: An open label trial of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor', Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 44 1137-1143 (2010) [C1]
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2010 |
Schofield PW, Lee SJ, Lewin TJ, Lyall G, Moyle J, Attia JR, McEvoy MA, 'The Audio Recorded Cognitive Screen (ARCS): A flexible hybrid cognitive test instrument', Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 81 602-607 (2010) [C1]
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2010 |
McEvoy MA, Smith WT, D'Este CA, Duke JM, Peel R, Schofield PW, et al., 'Cohort Profile: The Hunter Community Study', International Journal of Epidemiology, 39 1452-1463 (2010) [C1]
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2010 |
Loughland CM, Allen J, Gianacas L, Schofield PW, Lewin TJ, Hunter M, Carr VJ, 'Brief neuropsychological profiles in psychosis: A pilot study using the Audio Recorded Cognitive Screen (ARCS)', Acta Neuropsychiatrica, 22 243-252 (2010) [C1]
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2010 |
Lechner-Scott J, Kerr T, Spencer B, Agland S, Lydon A, Schofield PW, 'The audio recorded cognitive screen (ARCS) in patients with multiple sclerosis: A practical tool for multiple sclerosis clinics', Multiple Sclerosis, 16 1126-1133 (2010) [C1]
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2008 |
Bateman GA, Levi CR, Schofield PW, Wang Y, Lovett EC, 'The venous manifestations of pulse wave encephalopathy: Windkessel dysfunction in normal aging and senile dementia', Neuroradiology, 50 491-497 (2008) [C1]
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2006 |
Schofield PW, Gibson RE, Tavener MA, Attia JR, D'Este CA, Guest M, et al., 'Neuropsychological health in F-111 aircraft maintenance workers', NeuroToxicology, 27 852-860 (2006) [C1]
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2006 |
Schofield PW, Butler TG, Hollis SJ, Smith NE, Lee SJ, Kelso WM, 'Traumatic brain injury among Australian prisoners: Rates, recurrence and sequelae', Brain Injury, 20 499-506 (2006) [C1]
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2006 |
Schofield PW, Butler TG, Hollis SJ, Smith NE, Stephen L, Wendy K, 'Neuropsychiatric correlates of traumatic brain injury (TBI) among Australian prison entrants', Brain Injury, 20 1409-1418 (2006) [C1]
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2006 |
Bateman GA, Levi CR, Schofield PW, Wang Y, Lovett EC, 'Quantitative measurement of cerebral haemodynamics in early vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease', Journal of Clinical Neuroscience, 13 563-568 (2006) [C1]
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2006 |
Attia JR, D'Este CA, Schofield PW, Brown AM, Gibson RE, Tavener MA, et al., 'Mental health in F-111 maintenance workers: the study of Health Outcomes in Aircraft Maintenance Personnel (SHOAMP) general health and medical study', Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 48 682-691 (2006) [C1]
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2005 |
Attia J, Schofield P, 'What now for Alzheimer's disease? An epidemiological evaluation of the AD2000 trial', Australian Prescriber, 28 134-135 (2005)
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2005 |
Attia JR, Schofield PW, 'What now for Alzheimer's disease? An epidemiological evaluation of the AD2000 trial', Australian Prescriber, 28 2-3 (2005) [C3] |
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2005 |
Schofield PW, James K, Lee S, Kelso W, Lowe J, Poole L, et al., 'Homocysteine and Cognition in People with Type 2 Diabetes', Journal of Neurological Sciences, 238 1662 (2005) [C3] |
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2005 |
Bateman GA, Levi CR, Schofield PW, Wang Y, Lovett EC, 'The pathophysiology of the aqueduct stroke volume in normal pressure hydrocephalus:can co-morbidity with other forms of dementia be excluded', Neuroradiology, 47 741-748 (2005) [C1]
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2005 |
Schofield PW, 'Dementia associated with toxic causes and autoimmune disease', International Psychogeriatrics, 17 S129-S147 (2005) [C1]
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2004 |
Dudding TE, Friend K, Schofield PW, Lee SJ, Wilkinson IA, Richards R, 'Autosomal dominant congenital non-progressive ataxia overlaps with the SCA15 locus', Neurology, 63 2288-2292 (2004) [C1]
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2004 |
Schofield PW, Lee S, 'Home based testing of cognition with the tape administered cognitive screen', Neurobiology of Aging, 25 S122 (2004) [C3] |
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2003 |
Schofield PW, Lee S, Davies G, 'Cognitive screening using a tape recorder: a pilot study', Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 51 415-418 (2003) [C1]
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2003 |
Stanford P, Shepherd C, Halliday G, Brooks W, Schofield PW, Brodaty H, et al., 'Mutations in the tau gene that cause an increase in three repeat tau and frontotemporal dementia', Brain, 126 814-826 (2003) [C1]
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2000 |
Byles JE, Higginbotham HN, Goodger BG, Tavener MA, Conrad A, Schofield P, Anthony DM, 'Development of a depression scale for veterans and war widows', International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 7 256-270 (2000) [C1]
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1999 |
Heun R, Devi G, Marder K, Schofield P, Tang M, Stern Y, Mayeux R, 'Validity of family history diagnosis for dementia (multiple letters)', Genetic Epidemiology, 17 151-154 (1999)
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1999 |
Schofield P, 'Alzheimer's disease and brain reserve', AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL ON AGEING, 18 10-14 (1999)
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1999 |
Devi G, Marder K, Schofield P, Tang M, Stern Y, Mayeux R, 'Validity of family history diagnosis for dementia - Reply', GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY, 17 152-154 (1999) |
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1999 |
Schofield PW, 'Alzheimer's disease and brain reserve', Australasian journal of ageing, 18 10-14 (1999) [C3] |
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1998 |
Jacobs DM, Tang MX, Stern Y, Sano M, Marder K, Bell KL, et al., 'Cognitive function in nondemented older women who took estrogen after menopause', NEUROLOGY, 50 368-373 (1998)
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1998 |
Devi G, Marder K, Schofield PW, Tang MX, Stern Y, Mayeux R, 'Validity of family history for the diagnosis of dementia among siblings of patients with late-onset Alzheimer's disease', GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY, 15 215-223 (1998)
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1998 |
Stern Y, Tang MX, Jacobs DM, Marder K, Bell K, Dooneief G, et al., 'Prospective comparative study of the evolution of probable Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease dementia', JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY, 4 279-284 (1998)
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1997 |
Tang MX, Jacobs D, Stern Y, Marder K, Schofield P, Gurland B, 'Estrogen may delay Alzheimer's disease', ACOG Clinical Review, 2 6 (1997)
For this longitudinal study of aging and health in New York City, 1124 elderly women were evaluated regarding their use of estrogen during the postmenopausal period. These individ... [more]
For this longitudinal study of aging and health in New York City, 1124 elderly women were evaluated regarding their use of estrogen during the postmenopausal period. These individuals were, at the time of their enrollment, free of Alzheimer's disease. Because estrogen promotes the growth and survival of cholinergic neurons and could decrease cerebral amyloid deposition, the authors theorized that postmenopausal estrogen might delay the onset of or prevent Alzheimer's disease. They found that the age of onset of Alzheimer's disease was significantly higher among the 156 (12.5%) women who reported taking estrogen after the onset of menopause than in those who did not. The relative risk of disease was significantly reduced (nine in 156 [5.8%] estrogen users versus 158 in 968 [16.3%] nonusers). This difference held true after adjustment for differences in education, ethnic origin, and apolipoprotein-E genotype. Duration of estrogen use was found to be predictive. Women who had used estrogen for longer than 1 year had a greater reduction in risk. Of the 23 women who were taking estrogen at the time of study enrollment, none had developed Alzheimer's disease when the article was written.
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1997 |
Jacobs DM, Sano M, Albert S, Schofield P, Dooneief G, Stern Y, 'Cross-cultural neuropsychological assessment: A comparison of randomly selected, demographically matched cohorts of English- and Spanish-speaking older adults', JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, 19 331-339 (1997)
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1997 |
Schofield PW, Jacobs D, Marder K, Sano M, Marder K, Stern Y, 'The validity of new memory complaints in the elderly', Archives of Neurology, 54 756-759 (1997)
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1997 |
Schofield PW, Stern Y, Tan M-X, Jacobs DM, Sano M, Marder K, et al., 'Prospective comparative study of the evolution of probable Alzheimer s disease and Parkinson s disease dementia', Neurology, 48 . (1997) |
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1997 |
Schofield PW, Tang M-X, Stern Y, Tycho B, Mayeux R, 'Incidence of Alzheimer Disease by APOE Genotype among elderly', Neurology, 48 . (1997) |
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1997 |
Albert SM, Marder K, Schofield P, Bell K, Gurland B, Stern Y, Mayeux R, 'Disability-free life expectancy in Alzheimer's disease.', AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY, 145 314-314 (1997) |
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1997 |
Schofield PW, Marder M, Dooneief G, Jacobs DM, Sano M, Stern Y, 'Association of subjective memory complaints with subsequent cognitive decline in community-dwelling elderly individuals with baseline cognitive impairment', AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY, 154 609-615 (1997)
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1997 |
Schofield PW, Tang M, Marder K, Bell K, Dooneief G, Chun M, et al., 'Alzheimer's disease after remote head injury: An incidence study', JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY, 62 119-124 (1997)
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1997 |
Schofield PW, Logroscino G, Andrews HF, Albert S, Stern Y, 'An association between head circumference and Alzheimer's disease in a population-based study of aging and dementia', NEUROLOGY, 49 30-37 (1997)
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1997 |
Baker M, Kwok JBJ, Kucera S, Crook R, Farrer M, Houlden H, et al., 'Localization of frontotemporal dementia with parkinsonism in an Australian kindred to chromosome 17q21-22', Annals of Neurology, 42 794-798 (1997)
An Australian family with autosomal dominant presenile nonspecific dementia was recently described. The disease results in behavioral changes, usually disinhibition, followed by t... [more]
An Australian family with autosomal dominant presenile nonspecific dementia was recently described. The disease results in behavioral changes, usually disinhibition, followed by the onset of dementia accompanied occasionally by parkinsonism. Twenty-eight affected individuals were identified with an age of onset of 39 to 66 years (mean, 53 ± 8.9 years). We mapped the disease locus to an approximately 26-cM region of chromosome 17q21-22 with a maximum two-point LOD score of 2.87. Affected individuals share a common haplotype between markers D17S783 and D17S808. This region of chromosome 17 contains the loci for several neurodegenerative diseases that lack distinctive pathological features, suggesting that these dementias, collectively referred to as frontotemporal dementia with parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP-17), are caused by mutations in the same gene. The entire coding region of five genes, mapped to the FTDP-17 candidate region, were also sequenced. This analysis included the microtubule-associated protein tau that is the major component of the paired helical filaments observed in Alzheimer's disease. No pathogenic mutations were identified in either the tau gene or in any of the other genes analyzed.
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1996 |
Tang MX, Maestre G, Tsai WY, Liu XH, Feng L, Chung WY, et al., 'Relative risk of Alzheimer disease and age-at-onset distributions, based on APOE genotypes among elderly African Americans, Caucasians, and Hispanics in New York City', AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS, 58 574-584 (1996)
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1996 |
Ramachandran G, Marder K, Tang M, Schofield PW, Chun MR, Devanand DP, et al., 'A preliminary study of apolipoprotein E genotype and psychiatric manifestations of Alzheimer's disease', NEUROLOGY, 47 256-259 (1996)
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1996 |
Marder K, Albert S, Dooneief G, Stern Y, Ramachandran G, Todak G, et al., 'Clinical confirmation of the American Academy of Neurology algorithm for HIV-associated cognitive/motor disorder', NEUROLOGY, 47 1247-1253 (1996)
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1996 |
Tang MX, Jacobs D, Stern Y, Marder K, Schofield P, Gurland B, et al., 'Effect of oestrogen during menopause on risk and age at onset of Alzheimer's disease', LANCET, 348 429-432 (1996)
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1996 |
Schofield PW, 'The Dana Consortium on therapy for HIV Dementia and Related Disorders', Neurology, 47 1247-1253 (1996) |
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1995 |
SCHOFIELD PW, MOSESSON RE, STERN Y, MAYEUX R, 'THE AGE AT ONSET OF ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE AND AN INTRACRANIAL AREA MEASUREMENT - A RELATIONSHIP', ARCHIVES OF NEUROLOGY, 52 95-98 (1995)
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1995 |
MARDER K, LIU X, STERN Y, DOONEIEF G, BELL K, SCHOFIELD P, et al., 'NEUROLOGIC SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS IN A COHORT OF HOMOSEXUAL MEN FOLLOWED FOR 4.5 YEARS', NEUROLOGY, 45 261-267 (1995)
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1995 |
Schofield PW, Tang M, Marder K, Bell K, Dooneief G, Lantigua R, et al., 'Consistency of clinical diagnosis in a community-based longitudinal study of dementia and Alzheimer's disease', NEUROLOGY, 45 2159-2164 (1995)
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