2024 |
Barrett ES, Sullivan A, Workman T, Zhang Y, Loftus CT, Szpiro AA, et al., 'Sex-specific associations between placental corticotropin releasing hormone and problem behaviors in childhood.', Psychoneuroendocrinology, 163 106994 (2024)
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2021 |
Herrera CL, Bowman ME, McIntire DD, Nelson DB, Smith R, 'Revisiting the placental clock: Early corticotrophin-releasing hormone rise in recurrent preterm birth', PLoS ONE, 16 (2021) [C1]
Objective To determine if maternal plasma CRH and preterm birth history were associated with recurrent preterm birth risk in a high-risk cohort. Study design Secondary analysis of... [more]
Objective To determine if maternal plasma CRH and preterm birth history were associated with recurrent preterm birth risk in a high-risk cohort. Study design Secondary analysis of pregnant women with a prior preterm birth =35 weeks receiving 17-alpha hydroxyprogesterone caproate for the prevention of recurrent spontaneous preterm birth. All women with a 24-week blood sample were included. Maternal plasma CRH level at 24- and 32-weeks' gestation was measured using both enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and extracted radioimmunoassay (RIA) technologies. The primary outcome was spontaneous preterm birth <37 weeks. The association of CRH, prior preterm birth history, and the two combined was assessed in relation to recurrent preterm birth risk. Results Recurrent preterm birth in this cohort of 169 women was 24.9%. Comparing women who subsequently delivered <37 versus =37 weeks, mean levels of CRH measured by RIA were significantly different at 24 weeks (111.1±87.5 vs. 66.1±45.4 pg/mL, P = .002) and 32 weeks (440.9±275.6 vs. 280.2±214.5 pg/mL, P = .003). The area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) at 24 and 32 weeks for (1) CRH level was 0.68 (95% CI 0.59-0.78) and 0.70 (95% CI 0.59-0.81), (2) prior preterm birth history was 0.75 (95% CI 0.67-0.83) and 0.78 (95% CI 0.69-0.87), and (3) combined was 0.81 (95% CI 0.73-0.88, P = .001) and 0.81 (95% CI 0.72-0.90, P = .01) respectively for delivery <37 weeks. CRH measured by ELISA failed to correlate with gestational age or other clinical parameters. Conclusion In women with a prior preterm birth, CRH levels were higher and had an earlier rise in women who experienced recurrent preterm birth. Second trimester CRH may be useful in identifying a sub-group of women with preterm birth due to early activation of the placentafetal adrenal axis. Assay methodology is a variable that contributes to difficulties in reproducibility of CRH levels in the obstetric literature.
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Nova |
2020 |
Steine IM, LeWinn KZ, Lisha N, Tylavsky F, Smith R, Bowman M, et al., 'Maternal exposure to childhood traumatic events, but not multi-domain psychosocial stressors, predict placental corticotrophin releasing hormone across pregnancy', SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE, 266 (2020) [C1]
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Nova |
2019 |
Johnsson VL, Pedersen NG, Worda K, Krampl-Bettelheim E, Skibsted L, Hinterberger S, et al., 'Plasma progesterone, estradiol, and unconjugated estriol concentrations in twin pregnancies: Relation with cervical length and preterm delivery', Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 98 86-94 (2019) [C1]
Introduction: The aim of this study was to examine the association between plasma hormone concentrations, cervical length, and preterm delivery in twin pregnancies, including the ... [more]
Introduction: The aim of this study was to examine the association between plasma hormone concentrations, cervical length, and preterm delivery in twin pregnancies, including the effect of progesterone treatment. Material and methods: This study included 191 women pregnant with twins from a randomized placebo-controlled trial. A baseline blood sample was collected at 18-24¿weeks before treatment with vaginal progesterone (n¿=¿95) or placebo pessaries (n¿=¿96), and 167 (87.4%) women had a second sample collected after 4-8¿weeks of treatment. At baseline, 155 (81.2%) women had their cervical length measured. Progesterone, estradiol, and unconjugated estriol concentration was measured, and the association between hormone concentrations, cervical length, and gestational age at delivery was examined. Hormone concentrations were compared in the placebo and progesterone group. Statistical analysis included Spearman's rho, Mann-Whitney U test, Cuzick's test for trends, and linear regression analyses. Results: A short cervical length was associated with preterm delivery. Cervical length and hormone concentrations were not associated (Spearman's rho; progesterone -.05, estradiol.04, estriol.08). Decreasing gestational age at delivery was associated with higher progesterone and estradiol concentrations at baseline (P trend; progesterone 0.04, estradiol 0.02) but not in the second sample or in the weekly change between samples. Progesterone treatment did not increase the progesterone concentration. Conclusions: Plasma concentrations of progesterone, estradiol, and unconjugated estriol at 18-24¿weeks are not associated with cervical length or preterm delivery in twin pregnancies. Vaginal progesterone treatment does not increase the circulating progesterone concentration in twin pregnancies. Cervical length, but not hormone concentration, is predictive of preterm delivery in twin gestations.
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Nova |
2019 |
Swales DA, Grande LA, Wing DA, Edelmann M, Glynn LM, Sandman C, et al., 'Can Placental Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Inform Timing of Antenatal Corticosteroid Administration?', JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM, 104 443-450 (2019) [C1]
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Nova |
2017 |
Pan X, Bowman M, Scott RJ, Fitter J, Smith R, Zakar T, 'Promoter methylation pattern controls corticotropin releasing hormone gene activity in human trophoblasts', PLoS ONE, 12 1-18 (2017) [C1]
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Nova |
2017 |
Lim H, Powell S, McNamara HC, Forbes Howie A, Doust A, Bowman ME, et al., 'Placental hormone profiles as predictors of preterm birth in twin pregnancy: A prospective cohort study', PLoS ONE, 12 (2017) [C1]
Objective The objective of the study was to analyse placental hormone profiles in twin pregnancies to determine if they could be used to predict preterm birth. Study design Proges... [more]
Objective The objective of the study was to analyse placental hormone profiles in twin pregnancies to determine if they could be used to predict preterm birth. Study design Progesterone, estradiol, estriol and corticotropin-releasing hormone were measured using competitive immunoassay and radioimmunoassay in serum and saliva samples of 98 women with twin pregnancies,at 3 or more gestational timepoints. Hormone profiles throughout gestation were compared between very preterm (<34 weeks; n = 8), preterm (<37 weeks; n = 40) and term (37+ weeks; n = 50) deliveries. Results No significant differences were found between preterm and term deliveries in either absolute hormone concentrations or ratios. Estimated hormone concentrations and ratios at 26 weeks did not appear to predict preterm delivery. Salivary and serum hormone concentrations were generally poorly correlated. Conclusion Our results suggest that serial progesterone, estradiol, estriol and corticotropin-releasing hormone measurements in saliva and serum are not robust biomarkers for preterm birth in twin pregnancies.
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Nova |
2016 |
Stirrat LI, O'Reilly JR, Barr SM, Andrew R, Riley SC, Howie AF, et al., 'Decreased maternal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity in very severely obese pregnancy: Associations with birthweight and gestation at delivery', Psychoneuroendocrinology, 63 135-143 (2016) [C1]
Background: The maternal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-axis (HPAA) undergoes dramatic activation during pregnancy. Increased cortisol and corticotrophin-releasing-hormone (CRH) a... [more]
Background: The maternal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-axis (HPAA) undergoes dramatic activation during pregnancy. Increased cortisol and corticotrophin-releasing-hormone (CRH) associate with low birthweight and preterm labor. In non-pregnant obesity, the HPAA is activated but circulating cortisol levels are normal or lower than in lean women. We hypothesized that maternal cortisol levels would be lower in obese pregnancy, and would associate with increased fetal size and length of gestation. Method: Fasting serum cortisol was measured at 16, 28 and 36 weeks gestation and at 3-6 months postpartum in 276 severely obese and 135 lean women. In a subset of obese (n = 20) and lean (n = 20) we measured CRH, hormones that regulate bioavailable cortisol (corticosteroid-binding-globulin, estradiol, estriol, and progesterone). Urinary glucocorticoid metabolites were measured in pregnant (obese n = 6, lean n = 5) and non-pregnant (obese n = 7, lean n = 7) subjects. Results: Maternal cortisol and HPAA hormones were lower in obese pregnancy. Total urinary glucocorticoid metabolites increased significantly in lean pregnancy, but not in obese. Lower maternal cortisol in obese tended to be associated with increased birthweight (r = -0.13, p = 0.066). In obese, CRH at 28 weeks correlated inversely with gestational length (r = -0.49, p = 0.04), and independently predicted gestational length after adjustment for confounding factors (mean decrease in CRH of -0.25 pmol/L (95% CI -0.45 to -0.043 pmol/L) per/day increase in gestation). Conclusion: In obese pregnancy, lower maternal cortisol without an increase in urinary glucocorticoid clearance may indicate a lesser activation of the HPAA than in lean pregnancy. This may offer a novel mechanism underlying increased birthweight and longer gestation in obese pregnancy.
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Nova |
2015 |
Pan X, Bowman M, Scott RJ, Fitter J, Nicholson RC, Smith R, Zakar T, 'Methylation of the Corticotropin Releasing Hormone Gene Promoter in BeWo Cells: Relationship to Gene Activity', International Journal of Endocrinology, 2015 (2015) [C1]
Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) production by the human placenta increases exponentially as pregnancy advances, and the rate of increase predicts gestational length. CRH gen... [more]
Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) production by the human placenta increases exponentially as pregnancy advances, and the rate of increase predicts gestational length. CRH gene expression is regulated by cAMP in trophoblasts through a cyclic AMP-response element (CRE), which changes its transcription factor binding properties upon methylation. Here we determined whether methylation of the CRH proximal promoter controls basal and cAMP-stimulated CRH expression in BeWo cells, a well-characterized trophoblastic cell line. We treated the cells with 8-Br-cAMP and the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-aza-2' deoxycytidine (5-AZA-dC) and determined the effects on CRH mRNA level and promoter methylation. Clonal bisulfite sequencing showed partial and allele independent methylation of CpGs in the CRH promoter. CRH mRNA expression and the methylation of a subset of CpGs (including CpG2 in the CRE) increased spontaneously during culture. 8-Br-cAMP stimulated CRH expression without affecting the increase in methylation. 5-AZA-dC decreased methylation and augmented 8-Br-cAMP-stimulated CRH expression, but it blocked the spontaneous increase of CRH mRNA level. We conclude that the CRH promoter is a dynamically and intermediately methylated genomic region in BeWo cells. Promoter methylation did not inhibit CRH gene expression under the conditions employed; rather it determined the contribution of alternative cAMP-independent pathways and cAMP-independent mechanisms to CRH expression control.
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Nova |
2011 |
Hodyl NA, Stark MJ, Osei-Kumah A, Bowman M, Gibson PG, Clifton VL, 'Fetal glucocorticoid-regulated pathways are not affected by inhaled corticosteroid use for asthma during pregnancy', American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 183 716-722 (2011) [C1]
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Nova |
2009 |
Smith R, Smith JI, Shen XB, Engel PJ, Bowman M, McGrath SA, et al., 'Patterns of plasma corticotropin-releasing hormone, progesterone, estradiol, and estriol change and the onset of human labor', Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 94 2066-2074 (2009) [C1]
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Nova |
2006 |
Power ML, Bowman M, Smith R, Ziegler TE, Layne DG, Schulkin J, Tardif SD, 'Pattern of maternal serum corticotropin-releasing hormone concentration during pregnancy in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus)', American Journal of Primatology, 68 181-188 (2006) [C1]
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2001 |
Bowman M, Lopata A, Jaffe R, Golos T, Wickings J, Smith R, 'Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone-Binding Protein in Primates', American Journal of Primatology, 53 123-130 (2001) [C1]
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2000 |
McCluskey A, Finn M, Bowman M, Keller PA, Smith R, '2,7-dimethylthiazolo[4,5-d] pyradazine-4-(5H)-thione: a corticotrophin releasing hormone type 1 receptor agonist', Australian journal of chemistry, 905-908 (2000) [C1]
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2000 |
McLean M, Bowman M, Clifton VL, Smith R, Grossman AB, 'Expression of the Heme Oxygenase-Carbon Monoxide Signalling system in Human Placenta', The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 85 2345-2349 (2000) [C1]
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1999 |
Smith R, Wicking J, Bowman M, Belleoud A, Dubreuil G, Davies J, Madsen GM, 'Corticotropin-releasing hormone in chimpazee and gorilla pregnancies', Journal of clinical endocrinology and Metabolism, (Aug);84/8 2820-2825 (1999) [C1]
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1999 |
Keller PA, Bowman M, Dang KH, Garner JA, Leach SP, Smith R, McCluskey A, 'Pharmacophore development for corticotropin-releasing hormone: new insights into inhibitor activity', Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 42, No. 13 2351-2357 (1999) [C1]
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1997 |
Bowman M, Robinson PJ, Smith R, 'Atrial natriuretic peptide, cyclic GMP analogues and modulation of guanylyl cyclase do not alter stimulated POMC peptide release from perifused rat or sheep corticotrophs', Journal of Neuroendocrinology, 9 929-936 (1997) [C1]
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1993 |
SMITH R, CHAN EC, BOWMAN ME, HAREWOOD WJ, PHIPPARD AF, 'CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE IN BABOON PREGNANCY', JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM, 76 1063-1068 (1993)
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