2023 |
Ali AY, Holmes NP, Cooling N, Holdsworth J, Belcher W, Dastoor P, Zhou X, 'Optimization of Bulk Heterojunction Organic Photovoltaics', Coatings, 13 1293-1293 [C1]
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Nova |
2022 |
Bergin M, Roland-Batty W, Hatchwell CJ, Myles TA, Martens J, Fahy A, et al., 'Standardizing resolution definition in scanning helium microscopy', Ultramicroscopy, 233 (2022) [C1]
Resolution is a key parameter for microscopy, but methods for standardizing its definition are often poorly defined. For a developing technique such as scanning helium microscopy,... [more]
Resolution is a key parameter for microscopy, but methods for standardizing its definition are often poorly defined. For a developing technique such as scanning helium microscopy, it is critical that a consensus-based protocol for determining instrument resolution is prepared as a written standard to allow both comparable quantitative measurements of surface topography and direct comparisons between different instruments. In this paper we assess a range of quantitative methods for determining instrument resolution and determine their relative merits when applied to the specific case of the scanning helium microscope (SHeM). Consequently, we present a preliminary protocol for measuring the resolution in scanning helium microscopy based upon utilizing appropriate test samples with sets of slits of well-defined dimensions to establish the quantitative resolution of any similar instrument.
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Nova |
2022 |
Al-Ahmad A, Clark D, Holdsworth J, Vaughan B, Belcher W, Dastoor P, 'An Economic LED Solar Simulator Design', IEEE JOURNAL OF PHOTOVOLTAICS, 12 521-525 (2022) [C1]
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Nova |
2022 |
Ali AY, Holmes NP, Ameri M, Feron K, Thameel MN, Barr MG, et al., 'Low-Temperature CVD-Grown Graphene Thin Films as Transparent Electrode for Organic Photovoltaics', COATINGS, 12 (2022) [C1]
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Nova |
2022 |
Al-Ahmad A, Holdsworth J, Vaughan B, Belcher W, Zhou X, Dastoor P, 'Optimizing the Spatial Nonuniformity of Irradiance in a Large-Area LED Solar Simulator', ENERGIES, 15 (2022) [C1]
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Nova |
2022 |
Chowdhury R, Holmes NP, Cooling N, Belcher WJ, Dastoor PC, Zhou X, 'Surfactant Engineering and Its Role in Determining the Performance of Nanoparticulate Organic Photovoltaic Devices', ACS OMEGA, 7 9212-9220 (2022) [C1]
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Nova |
2022 |
Al-Ahmad A, Vaughan B, Holdsworth J, Belcher W, Zhou X, Dastoor P, 'The Role of the Electron Transport Layer in the Degradation of Organic Photovoltaic Cells', Coatings, 12 1071-1071 [C1]
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Nova |
2021 |
Griffith MJ, Cooling NA, Elkington DC, Wasson M, Zhou X, Belcher WJ, Dastoor PC, 'Controlling Nanostructure in Inkjet Printed Organic Transistors for Pressure Sensing Applications', NANOMATERIALS, 11 (2021) [C1]
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Nova |
2021 |
Holmes NP, Elkington DC, Bergin M, Griffith MJ, Sharma A, Fahy A, et al., 'Temperature-Modulated Doping at Polymer Semiconductor Interfaces', ACS Applied Electronic Materials, 3 1384-1393 (2021) [C1]
Understanding doping in polymer semiconductors has important implications for the development of organic electronic devices. This study reports a detailed investigation of the dop... [more]
Understanding doping in polymer semiconductors has important implications for the development of organic electronic devices. This study reports a detailed investigation of the doping of the poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT)/Nafion bilayer interfaces commonly used in organic biosensors. A combination of UV-visible spectroscopy, dynamic secondary ion mass spectrometry (d-SIMS), dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, and electrical device characterization reveals that the doping of P3HT increases with annealing temperature, and this increase is associated with thermally activated interdiffusion of the P3HT and Nafion. First-principles modeling of d-SIMS depth profiling data demonstrates that the diffusivity coefficient is a strong function of the molar concentration, resulting in a discrete intermixed region at the P3HT/Nafion interface that grows with increasing annealing temperature. Correlating the electrical conductance measurements with the diffusion model provides a detailed model for the temperature-modulated doping that occurs in P3HT/Nafion bilayers. Point-of-care testing has created a market for low-cost sensor technology, with printed organic electronic sensors well positioned to meet this demand, and this article constitutes a detailed study of the doping mechanism underlying such future platforms for the development of sensing technologies based on organic semiconductors.
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Nova |
2021 |
Chowdhury R, Tegg L, Keast VJ, Holmes NP, Cooling NA, Vaughan B, et al., 'Plasmonic enhancement of aqueous processed organic photovoltaics', RSC Advances, 11 19000-19011 (2021) [C1]
Sodium tungsten bronze (NaxWO3) is a promising alternative plasmonic material to nanoparticulate gold due to its strong plasmonic resonances in both the visible and near-infrared ... [more]
Sodium tungsten bronze (NaxWO3) is a promising alternative plasmonic material to nanoparticulate gold due to its strong plasmonic resonances in both the visible and near-infrared (NIR) regions. Additional benefits include its simple production either as a bulk or a nanoparticle material at a relatively low cost. In this work, plasmonic NaxWO3nanoparticles were introduced and mixed into the nanoparticulate zinc oxide electron transport layer of a water processed poly(3-hexylthiophene):phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PC61BM) nanoparticle (NP) based organic photovoltaic device (NP-OPV). The power conversion efficiency of NP-OPV devices with NaxWO3NPs added was found to improve by around 35% compared to the control devices, attributed to improved light absorption, resulting in an enhanced short circuit current and fill factor.
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Nova |
2021 |
Sherwood CP, Elkington DC, Dickinson MR, Belcher WJ, Dastoor PC, Feron K, et al., 'Organic semiconductors for optically triggered neural interfacing: The impact of device architecture in determining response magnitude and polarity', IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 27 (2021) [C1]
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Nova |
2020 |
Al-Mudhaffer MF, Holmes NP, Kumar P, Barr MG, Cottam S, Crovador R, et al., 'Relating nanoscale structure to optoelectronic functionality in multiphase donor-acceptor nanoparticles for printed electronics applications', MRS Communications, 10 600-608 (2020) [C1]
This work investigated the photophysical pathways for light absorption, charge generation, and charge separation in donor-acceptor nanoparticle blends of poly(3-hexylthiophene) an... [more]
This work investigated the photophysical pathways for light absorption, charge generation, and charge separation in donor-acceptor nanoparticle blends of poly(3-hexylthiophene) and indene-C60-bisadduct. Optical modeling combined with steady-state and time-resolved optoelectronic characterization revealed that the nanoparticle blends experience a photocurrent limited to 60% of a bulk solution mixture. This discrepancy resulted from imperfect free charge generation inside the nanoparticles. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy and chemically resolved X-ray mapping showed that enhanced miscibility of materials did improve the donor-acceptor blending at the center of the nanoparticles; however, a residual shell of almost pure donor still restricted energy generation from these nanoparticles.
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Nova |
2020 |
Darwis D, Sesa E, Ulum S, Holmes NP, Feron K, Thameel M, et al., 'Role of Morphology of Surfactant-Free Nanoparticles in Organic Photovoltaics', Journal of Electronic Materials, 49 4168-4179 (2020) [C1]
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Nova |
2020 |
Al-Ahmad AY, Almayhi F, Al-Mudhaffer MF, Griffith MJ, Liu W, Li S, et al., 'A nuanced approach for assessing OPV materials for large scale applications', Sustainable Energy and Fuels, 4 940-949 (2020) [C1]
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Nova |
2019 |
Hart AS, Andersen TR, Griffith MJ, Fahy A, Vaughan B, Belcher WJ, Dastoor PC, 'Roll-to-roll solvent annealing of printed P3HT : ICXA devices', RSC Advances, 9 42294-42305 (2019) [C1]
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Nova |
2019 |
Marks M, Holmes NP, Sharma A, Pan X, Chowdhury R, Barr MG, et al., 'Building intermixed donor-acceptor architectures for water-processable organic photovoltaics', Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 21 5705-5715 (2019) [C1]
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Nova |
2019 |
Sesa E, Darwis D, Zhou X, Belcher WJ, Dastoor PC, 'Experimental determination of the relationship between the elements of a back-to-back diode model for organic photovoltaic cells' S-shaped I-V characteristics and cell structure', AIP ADVANCES, 9 (2019) [C1]
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Nova |
2019 |
Nicolaidis NC, Al-Mudhaffer MF, Holdsworth JL, Zhou X, Belcher WJ, Dastoor PC, 'Contribution of Fullerene Photocurrent Generation to Organic Solar Cell Performance', Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 123 11950-11958 (2019) [C1]
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Nova |
2019 |
Al-Ahmad AY, Holdsworth J, Vaughan B, Sharafutdinova G, Zhou X, Belcher WJ, Dastoor PC, 'Modular LED arrays for large area solar simulation', Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications, 27 179-189 (2019) [C1]
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Nova |
2019 |
Almyahi F, Andersen TR, Fahy A, Dickinson M, Feron K, Belcher WJ, Dastoor PC, 'The role of surface energy control in organic photovoltaics based on solar paints', Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 7 9202-9214 (2019) [C1]
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Nova |
2019 |
Dastoor PC, Belcher WJ, 'How the West was Won? A History of Organic Photovoltaics', Substantia, 3 99-110 (2019) [C1]
The history of organic photovoltaics has been characterised by the complex interplay between fundamental research, large scale manufacture and commercialization activities. In add... [more]
The history of organic photovoltaics has been characterised by the complex interplay between fundamental research, large scale manufacture and commercialization activities. In addition, the field is highly interdisciplinary; ranging across physics, chemistry and engineering. This environment has resulted in a frontier character to the field, with researchers constantly expanding into new areas and confronting new challenges as the area has developed. This article seeks to chart the developments in organic photovoltaic research, with emphasis on the last two decades, to provide some historical context to current status of the field.
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Nova |
2018 |
Al-Mudhaffer MF, Griffith MJ, Feron K, Nicolaidis NC, Cooling NA, Zhou X, et al., 'The origin of performance limitations in miniemulsion nanoparticulate organic photovoltaic devices', SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS, 175 77-88 (2018) [C1]
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Nova |
2018 |
Almyahi F, Andersen TR, Cooling N, Holmes NP, Fahy A, Barr MG, et al., 'Optimization, characterization and upscaling of aqueous solar nanoparticle inks for organic photovoltaics using low-cost donor: acceptor blend', ORGANIC ELECTRONICS, 52 71-78 (2018) [C1]
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Nova |
2018 |
Almyahi F, Andersen TR, Cooling NA, Holmes NP, Griffith MJ, Feron K, et al., 'Optimisation of purification techniques for the preparation of large-volume aqueous solar nanoparticle inks for organic photovoltaics', BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY, 9 649-659 (2018) [C1]
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Nova |
2018 |
Pan X, Sharma A, Gedefaw D, Kroon R, Diaz de Zerio A, Holmes NP, et al., 'Environmentally friendly preparation of nanoparticles for organic photovoltaics', Organic Electronics: physics, materials, applications, 59 432-440 (2018) [C1]
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Nova |
2018 |
Holmes NP, Marks M, Cave JM, Feron K, Barr MG, Fahy A, et al., 'Engineering Two-Phase and Three-Phase Microstructures from Water-Based Dispersions of Nanoparticles for Eco-Friendly Polymer Solar Cell Applications', Chemistry of Materials, 30 6521-6531 (2018) [C1]
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Nova |
2018 |
Sesa E, Vaughan B, Feron K, Bilen C, Zhou X, Belcher W, Dastoor P, 'A building-block approach to the development of an equivalent circuit model for organic photovoltaic cells', Organic Electronics: physics, materials, applications, 58 207-215 (2018) [C1]
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Nova |
2017 |
Jarvis KL, Evans PJ, Cooling NA, Vaughan B, Habsuda J, Belcher WJ, et al., 'Comparing three techniques to determine the water vapour transmission rates of polymers and barrier films', Surfaces and Interfaces, 9 182-188 (2017) [C1]
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Nova |
2017 |
Holmes NP, Vaughan B, Williams EL, Kroon R, Andersson MR, Kilcoyne ALD, et al., 'Diketopyrrolopyrrole-based polymer:fullerene nanoparticle films with thermally stable morphology for organic photovoltaic applications (vol 7, pg 67, 2017)', MRS COMMUNICATIONS, 7 286-286 (2017)
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2017 |
Feron K, Thameel MN, Al-Mudhaffer MF, Zhou X, Belcher WJ, Fell CJ, Dastoor PC, 'Energy level engineering in ternary organic solar cells: Evaluating exciton dissociation at organic semiconductor interfaces', APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 110 (2017) [C1]
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Nova |
2017 |
Holmes NP, Vaughan B, Williams EL, Kroon R, Anderrson MR, Kilcoyne ALD, et al., 'Diketopyrrolopyrrole-based polymer:fullerene nanoparticle films with thermally stable morphology for organic photovoltaic applications', MRS COMMUNICATIONS, 7 67-73 (2017) [C1]
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Nova |
2016 |
Berriman GA, Holmes NP, Holdsworth JL, Zhou X, Belcher WJ, Dastoor PC, 'A new model for PCBM phase segregation in P3HT:PCBM blends', Organic Electronics, 30 12-17 (2016) [C1]
The phase segregation in P3HT:PCBM blend films has been investigated from an experimental and theoretical viewpoint. Optical microscopy, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron... [more]
The phase segregation in P3HT:PCBM blend films has been investigated from an experimental and theoretical viewpoint. Optical microscopy, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction show that thermal annealing of P3HT:PCBM blend films leads to the formation of PCBM aggregates. These aggregates are composed of dense randomly packed ~50 nm PCBM crystallites with an overall aggregate density of ~0.85 g cm-3. By applying the critical radius of nucleation for PCBM and the Stokes-Einstein equation for mobility of PCBM in a P3HT matrix, a model is developed which explains the formation of both crystallites and aggregates.
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Nova |
2016 |
Kumar P, Bilen C, Vaughan B, Zhou X, Dastoor PC, Belcher WJ, 'Comparing the degradation of organic photovoltaic devices under ISOS testing protocols', Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 149 179-186 (2016) [C1]
In order for OPV devices to transition from the laboratory to the industrial scale, accurate measurements of device operating stability and lifetime are crucial. This paper compar... [more]
In order for OPV devices to transition from the laboratory to the industrial scale, accurate measurements of device operating stability and lifetime are crucial. This paper compares the degradation of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/P3HT:ICBA/Ca/Al and ITO/MoO3/P3HT:ICBA/Ca/Al devices using the three main ISOS standard testing protocols: (a) ISOS-D-1, (b) ISOS-O-1 and (c) ISOS-L-1. We show that: (1) ITO/MoO3/P3HT:ICBA/Ca/Al devices are more stable than their PEDOT counterparts under the ISOS-D-1 protocol, as has been reported previously. (2) Under the ISOS-O-1 protocol, unencapsulated MoO3 based devices are more stable than the equivalent PEDOT device but, when encapsulated, the degradation rates of the MoO3 and PEDOT devices are the same. (3) By contrast, when measured under the ISOS-L protocol, the MoO3 based devices are either equivalent to (unencapsulated devices) or, indeed, actually degrade faster (encapsulated devices) that their PEDOT counterparts. We demonstrate that these differences arise from the dominant degradation mode changing under the different protocols. As such, this paper highlights that the choice of testing protocol significantly influences the reported stability of OPV devices. In particular, the ISOS-D and ISOS-L protocols do not necessary reflect OPV device performance under actual operating conditions and thus stability measurements using these protocols should be treated with caution.
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Nova |
2016 |
Andersen TR, Cooling NA, Almyahi F, Hart AS, Nicolaidis NC, Feron K, et al., 'Fully roll-to-roll prepared organic solar cells in normal geometry with a sputter-coated aluminium top-electrode', Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 149 103-109 (2016) [C1]
We demonstrate a pathway for fully roll-to-roll (R2R) prepared organic solar cells in a normal geometry with a R2R sputtered aluminium top electrode. Initial attempts utilizing a ... [more]
We demonstrate a pathway for fully roll-to-roll (R2R) prepared organic solar cells in a normal geometry with a R2R sputtered aluminium top electrode. Initial attempts utilizing a stack geometry without an electron transport layer (ETL) failed to obtain working devices. By applying aluminium zinc oxide (AZO) as an ETL, and optimizing the AZO thickness, working printed OPV devices with an efficiency of 0.58% were obtained. Further optimization of the donor:acceptor ratio in the active layer increased the efficiency to 0.90%. This work demonstrates that normal geometry organic solar cells using a metal top contact can be produced using large scale production techniques.
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Nova |
2016 |
Holmes NP, Marks M, Kumar P, Kroon R, Barr MG, Nicolaidis N, et al., 'Nano-pathways: Bridging the divide between water-processable nanoparticulate and bulk heterojunction organic photovoltaics', Nano Energy, 19 495-510 (2016) [C1]
Here we report the application of a conjugated copolymer based on thiophene and quinoxaline units, namely poly[2,3-bis-(3-octyloxyphenyl)quinoxaline-5,8-diyl-alt-thiophene-2,5-diy... [more]
Here we report the application of a conjugated copolymer based on thiophene and quinoxaline units, namely poly[2,3-bis-(3-octyloxyphenyl)quinoxaline-5,8-diyl-alt-thiophene-2,5-diyl] (TQ1), to nanoparticle organic photovoltaics (NP-OPVs). TQ1 exhibits more desirable material properties for NP-OPV fabrication and operation, particularly a high glass transition temperature (Tg) and amorphous nature, compared to the commonly applied semicrystalline polymer poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT). This study reports the optimisation of TQ1:PC71BM (phenyl C71 butyric acid methyl ester) NP-OPV device performance by the application of mild thermal annealing treatments in the range of the Tg (sub-Tg and post-Tg), both in the active layer drying stage and post-cathode deposition annealing stage of device fabrication, and an in-depth study of the effect of these treatments on nanoparticle film morphology. In addition, we report a type of morphological evolution in nanoparticle films for OPV active layers that has not previously been observed, that of PC71BM nano-pathway formation between dispersed PC71BM-rich nanoparticle cores, which have the benefit of making the bulk film more conducive to charge percolation and extraction.
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Nova |
2016 |
Griffith MJ, Willis MS, Kumar P, Holdsworth JL, Bezuidenhout H, Zhou X, et al., 'Activation of Organic Photovoltaic Light Detectors Using Bend Leakage from Optical Fibers', ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES, 8 7928-7937 (2016) [C1]
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Nova |
2016 |
Sulaiman K, Ali AY, Elkington D, Feron K, Anderson KF, Belcher W, et al., 'Matrix assisted low temperature growth of graphene', Carbon, 107 325-331 (2016) [C1]
Single layer graphene has been successfully grown via chemical vapour deposition (CVD) at low temperature by using chlorobenzene trapped in a PMMA polymer matrix as the carbon sou... [more]
Single layer graphene has been successfully grown via chemical vapour deposition (CVD) at low temperature by using chlorobenzene trapped in a PMMA polymer matrix as the carbon source. By varying the carbon source temperature, we are able to vary the dominant carbon source from just chlorobenzene to PMMA. Raman spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM) have been used to characterize the as-grown graphene layer, while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) have been used to characterize film quality and growth dynamics. Lower source temperatures (corresponding to a chlorobenzene carbon source) result in high quality single layer graphene whereas higher source temperatures (PMMA carbon source) produce disordered multilayered graphene films. SEM imaging reveals that a preferential surface mediated edge growth mechanism for single layer graphene is observed as a function of growth time. This development offers a new methodology for graphene synthesis at low temperatures with implications for the development of printed graphene structures.
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Nova |
2016 |
Griffith MJ, Cooling NA, Vaughan B, Elkington DC, Hart AS, Lyons AG, et al., 'Combining Printing, Coating, and Vacuum Deposition on the Roll-to-Roll Scale: A Hybrid Organic Photovoltaics Fabrication', IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 22 112-125 (2016) [C1]
The potential for organic electronic technologies to produce low-cost energy at large scales is often cited as the most attractive feature of these materials. Such aspirations dep... [more]
The potential for organic electronic technologies to produce low-cost energy at large scales is often cited as the most attractive feature of these materials. Such aspirations depend on the ability of materials to be printed from solution at high speeds across large areas using roll-to-roll (R2R) processing. However, progressing the technology from the laboratory environment into the industrial manufacturing arena is highly challenging. Closing the gap between exciting laboratory scale insights and the industrial scale potential requires a new focus on upscaling existing technology. Some recent progress in this area is discussed, concentrating on the need to pursue research across several different scales simultaneously in order to most effectively optimize large-scale fabrication efforts. These discussions are placed in the context of a design philosophy that combines printing, coating, and vacuum-based procedures. The challenges associated with selecting, and subsequently synthesizing, the optimal materials for device construction at large scales are considered. Case histories that highlight the unique challenges encountered during printing, coating, and sputtering at the R2R scale are presented. Developing testing and characterization procedures that can interrogate organic photovoltaic device (OPV) structures in real time is also discussed, and the opportunity for new tools to probe device photophysics is highlighted. The collection of innovative approaches to R2R fabrication challenges discussed here highlights the exciting progress toward efficient OPV modules becoming a commercial reality.
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Nova |
2016 |
Vaughan B, Stapleton A, Sesa E, Holmes NP, Zhou X, Dastoor PC, Belcher WJ, 'Engineering vertical morphology with nanoparticulate organic photovoltaic devices', Organic Electronics, 32 250-257 (2016) [C1]
Sequential deposition of monolayers, composed of nanoparticles with varied donor-acceptor concentration ratios, has allowed the fabrication of organic photovoltaic (OPV) active la... [more]
Sequential deposition of monolayers, composed of nanoparticles with varied donor-acceptor concentration ratios, has allowed the fabrication of organic photovoltaic (OPV) active layers with engineered vertical morphology. The performance of polymer-polymer poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-co-bis-N,N-phenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine):poly[(9,9-di-n-octylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl)-alt-(benzo[2,1,3]thiadiazol-4,8-diyl)] (PFB:F8BT) and polymer-fullerene poly(3-hexylthiophene):phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PCBM) nanoparticulate (NP), graded nanoparticulate (GNP) and bulk heterojunction (BHJ) OPV devices have been studied. For both material systems the highest device VOC is observed for the graded structure. Furthermore, thermal treatments can be used to alleviate parasitic series resistance in the GNP devices, thus improving device JSC and efficiency. Overall, this work shows that the nanoparticle approach provides a new experimental lever for morphology control in OPV devices.
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Nova |
2016 |
Feron K, Cave JM, Thameel MN, O'Sullivan C, Kroon R, Andersson MR, et al., 'Utilizing Energy Transfer in Binary and Ternary Bulk Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells', ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES, 8 20928-20937 (2016) [C1]
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Nova |
2016 |
Diah AWM, Quirino JP, Belcher W, Holdsworth CI, 'An Assessment of the Effect of Synthetic and Doping Conditions on the Processability and Conductivity of Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/Poly(styrene sulfonic acid)', MACROMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS, 217 1907-1916 (2016) [C1]
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Nova |
2016 |
Berriman GA, Holdsworth JL, Zhou X, Belcher WJ, Dastoor PC, 'A thermodynamic and kinetic description of PCBM phase segregation and aggregation in P3HT:PCBM blends', Organic Electronics, 38 15-20 (2016) [C1]
The kinetics and thermodynamics of PCBM phase segregation and aggregation in P3HT:PCBM blends has been studied. We develop a thermodynamic model for PCBM phase segregation in P3HT... [more]
The kinetics and thermodynamics of PCBM phase segregation and aggregation in P3HT:PCBM blends has been studied. We develop a thermodynamic model for PCBM phase segregation in P3HT:PCBM blends which explains the formation of nanoscale crystallites which subsequently diffuse and coalesce into larger PCBM aggregates. We show that the formation of nanoscale crystallites during the film making process prevents spinodal decomposition of the P3HT:PCBM blends even at PCBM weight fractions above the spinodal decomposition boundary for the system. Finally, we demonstrate that the observed aggregate morphology can be understood in terms of a kinetic model based on the diffusional flux lines of PCBM crystallite which, in turn, govern the evolution of the macroscopic growth front.
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Nova |
2016 |
Cooling NA, Barnes EF, Almyahi F, Feron K, Al-Mudhaffer MF, Al-Ahmad A, et al., 'A low-cost mixed fullerene acceptor blend for printed electronics', Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 4 10274-10281 (2016) [C1]
The synthesis and performance of a cost-effective mixed fullerene at the 100+ g scale with a reaction yield of 85% is demonstrated. The cost to convert a fullerene such as C60 int... [more]
The synthesis and performance of a cost-effective mixed fullerene at the 100+ g scale with a reaction yield of 85% is demonstrated. The cost to convert a fullerene such as C60 into the mixed acceptor blend is less than $1 g-1. The photovoltaic performance of the mixed acceptor is demonstrated in both small scale and roll-to-roll printed devices.
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Nova |
2016 |
Andersen TR, Almyahi F, Cooling NA, Elkington D, Wiggins L, Fahy A, et al., 'Comparison of inorganic electron transport layers in fully roll-to-roll coated/printed organic photovoltaics in normal geometry', Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 4 15986-15996 (2016) [C1]
We investigate the suitability of four different inorganic materials (chromium oxide (CrOX), titanium oxide (TiOX), aluminium doped zinc oxide (AZO) and zinc oxide (ZnO)) as elect... [more]
We investigate the suitability of four different inorganic materials (chromium oxide (CrOX), titanium oxide (TiOX), aluminium doped zinc oxide (AZO) and zinc oxide (ZnO)) as electrode transport layers in fully roll-to-roll (R2R) fabricated P3HT:ICxA organic solar cells. CrOX and TiOX were found to be unsuitable, as the CrOX devices did not exhibit rectifying behaviour while the TiOX devices did not withstand the annealing conditions. Of the last two ETLs, ZnO showed by far the most promise with devices demonstrating an average efficiency of 2.2%, which is the highest reported value for R2R devices in normal geometry, and a significantly extended lifetime compared with AZO devices under ISOS-L-2 conditions.
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Nova |
2015 |
Cotton DV, Fell CJ, Belcher WJ, Dastoor PC, 'Real poly(p-phenylene vinylene) features from near-field scanning optical lithography and the implications for further modelling', Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 48 (2015) [C1]
Near-field scanning optical lithography (NSOL) has been used to produce ordered structures of the semi-conducting polymer poly(p-phenylene vinylene) at sizes comparable to optical... [more]
Near-field scanning optical lithography (NSOL) has been used to produce ordered structures of the semi-conducting polymer poly(p-phenylene vinylene) at sizes comparable to optical wavelengths. Structures on this scale are of interest for integrated optical devices. Here we study the effect of precursor film thickness upon the size and shape of lithographically produced features. We show that the discrepancies between the predicted and measured structures arise from two key factors: (1) the inherent change in the refractive index of the precursor polymer that occurs during lithography and (2) the considerable length of a precursor polymer relative to the characteristic NSOL feature dimension. Suggestions are made for the improvement of modelling accuracy.
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Nova |
2015 |
Mulligan CJ, Bilen C, Zhou X, Belcher WJ, Dastoor PC, 'Levelised cost of electricity for organic photovoltaics', SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS, 133 26-31 (2015) [C1]
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Nova |
2015 |
Dam HF, Holmes NP, Andersen TR, Larsen-Olsen TT, Barr M, Kilcoyne ALD, et al., 'The effect of mesomorphology upon the performance of nanoparticulate organic photovoltaic devices', Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 138 102-108 (2015) [C1]
Abstract Scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) compositional mapping has been used to probe the mesomorphology of nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized from two very different p... [more]
Abstract Scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) compositional mapping has been used to probe the mesomorphology of nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized from two very different polymer:fullerene blends: poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT): phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) and poly[4,8-bis(2-ethylhexyloxy)benzo(1,2-b:4,5-b')dithiophene-alt-5, 6-bis(octyloxy)-4,7-di(thiophen-2-yl)(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole)-5,5'-diyl] (PSBTBT): PCBM. The STXM data shows that both blends form core-shell NP structures with similar shell compositions, but with different polymer:fullerene ratios in the core regions. P3HT:PCBM and PSBTBT:PCBM NP organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices have been fabricated and exhibit similar device efficiencies, despite the PSBTBT being a much higher performing low band gap material. By comparing the measured NP shell and core compositions with the optimized bulk hetero-junction (BHJ) compositions, we show that the relatively higher performance of the P3HT:PCBM NP device arises from the fact that its shell composition is much closer to the optimal BHJ value than that of the PSBTBT:PCBM NP device.
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Nova |
2015 |
Farman N, Barr M, Philp A, Lawry M, Belcher W, Dastoor P, 'Model & metaphor: A case study of a new methodology for art/science residencies', Leonardo, 48 419-423 (2015) [C1]
Traditional artist-in-science-residency schemes have tended to focus on artists using scientific tools and technology as a medium for their art. What kind and quality of work migh... [more]
Traditional artist-in-science-residency schemes have tended to focus on artists using scientific tools and technology as a medium for their art. What kind and quality of work might occur, however, between scientists working on cutting-edge solar energy research and a visual artist (a sculptor) when they are integrated in a truly collaborative environment? Is it good for the art? Is it good for the science? The authors describe a new methodology for art-science interactions whereby they have integrated arts practice within a scientific environment. A critical aspect of the methodology for the residency was the development of an interaction framework that ensured that both artist and scientist had equal voice in discussions involving the art and science of the project within an environment of mutual respect. The integration led to the development of outcomes that would not have occurred otherwise.
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Nova |
2015 |
Griffith MJ, Cooling NA, Vaughan B, O'Donnell KM, Al-Mudhaffer MF, Al-Ahmad A, et al., 'Roll-to-Roll Sputter Coating of Aluminum Cathodes for Large-Scale Fabrication of Organic Photovoltaic Devices', ENERGY TECHNOLOGY, 3 428-436 (2015) [C1]
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Nova |
2015 |
Elkington D, Wasson M, Belcher W, Dastoor PC, Zhou X, 'Printable organic thin film transistors for glucose detection incorporating inkjet-printing of the enzyme recognition element', Applied Physics Letters, 106 (2015) [C1]
The effect of device architecture upon the response of printable enzymatic glucose sensors based on poly(3-hexythiophene) (P3HT) organic thin film transistors is presented. The ch... [more]
The effect of device architecture upon the response of printable enzymatic glucose sensors based on poly(3-hexythiophene) (P3HT) organic thin film transistors is presented. The change in drain current is used as the basis for glucose detection and we show that significant improvements in drain current response time can be achieved by modifying the design of the sensor structure. In particular, we show that eliminating the dielectric layer and reducing the thickness of the active layer reduce the device response time considerably. The results are in good agreement with a diffusion based model of device operation, where an initial rapid dedoping process is followed by a slower doping of the P3HT layer from protons that are enzymatically generated by glucose oxidase (GOX) at the Nafion gate electrode. The fitted diffusion data are consistent with a P3HT doping region that is close to the source-drain electrodes rather than located at the P3HT:[Nafion:GOX] interface. Finally, we demonstrate that further improvements in sensor structure and morphology can be achieved by inkjet-printing the GOX layer, offering a pathway to low-cost printed biosensors for the detection of glucose in saliva.
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Nova |
2015 |
Holmes NP, Nicolaidis N, Feron K, Barr M, Burke KB, Al-Mudhaffer M, et al., 'Probing the origin of photocurrent in nanoparticulate organic photovoltaics', SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS, 140 412-421 (2015) [C1]
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Nova |
2015 |
Berriman GA, Holdsworth JL, Zhou X, Belcher WJ, Dastoor PC, 'Molecular versus crystallite PCBM diffusion in P3HT:PCBM blends', AIP Advances, 5 (2015) [C1]
The diffusion of PCBM in P3HT:PCBM blend films has been investigated using multi-wavelength scanning absorption microscopy (MWSAM). By studying the depletion of PCBM in the vicini... [more]
The diffusion of PCBM in P3HT:PCBM blend films has been investigated using multi-wavelength scanning absorption microscopy (MWSAM). By studying the depletion of PCBM in the vicinity of the phase segregated PCBM-rich regions that form upon thermal annealing, we are able to measure the diffusion constant and activation energy for PCBM diffusion in P3HT:PCBM blend films. The measured kinetic parameters are consistent with the diffusion of nanoscale PCBM crystallites rather than molecular PCBM. We show that the presence of two distinct diffusion processes in these blend materials provides an explanation for the large differences that have been reported for PCBM diffusion in P3HT:PCBM blends. This insight allows us to develop a unified model for PCBM mass transport in these materials.
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Nova |
2015 |
Holmes NP, Burke KB, Sista P, Barr M, Magurudeniya HD, Stefan MC, et al., 'Erratum: Corrigendum to nano-domain behaviour in P3HT:PCBM nanoparticles, relating material properties to morphological changes (Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells (2013) 117 (437-445))', Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 143 226-226 (2015) [O1]
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2014 |
Berriman GA, Routley B, Holdsworth JL, Zhou X, Belcher W, Dastoor P, 'Mapping chemical concentration in binary thin organic films via multi-wavelength scanning absorption microscopy (MWSAM)', Measurement Science and Technology, 25 (2014) [C1]
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Nova |
2014 |
Kumar P, Bilen C, Feron K, Nicolaidis NC, Gong BB, Zhou X, et al., 'Comparative Degradation and Regeneration of Polymer Solar Cells with Different Cathodes', ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES, 6 5281-5289 (2014) [C1]
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Nova |
2014 |
Griffith MJ, Cooling NA, Elkington DC, Muller E, Belcher WJ, Dastoor PC, 'Printable sensors for explosive detonation', Applied Physics Letters, 105 (2014) [C1]
Here, we report the development of an organic thin film transistor (OTFT) based on printable solution processed polymers and employing a quantum tunnelling composite material as a... [more]
Here, we report the development of an organic thin film transistor (OTFT) based on printable solution processed polymers and employing a quantum tunnelling composite material as a sensor to convert the pressure wave output from detonation transmission tubing (shock tube) into an inherently amplified electronic signal for explosives initiation. The organic electronic detector allows detection of the signal in a low voltage operating range, an essential feature for sites employing live ordinances that is not provided by conventional electronic devices. We show that a 30-fold change in detector response is possible using the presented detector assembly. Degradation of the OTFT response with both time and repeated voltage scans was characterised, and device lifetime is shown to be consistent with the requirements for on-site printing and usage. The integration of a low cost organic electronic detector with inexpensive shock tube transmission fuse presents attractive avenues for the development of cheap and simple assemblies for precisely timed initiation of explosive chains.
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Nova |
2014 |
Feron K, Ulum S, Sesa E, Gong BB, Belcher WJ, Zhou X, et al., 'The effect of calcium-induced fullerene migration on the performance of thermally stable nanoparticle organic solar cells', Journal of Applied Physics, 116 (2014) [C1]
The impact of a calcium interface layer in combination with a thermal annealing treatment on the performance of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT):[6,6]-phenyl-C61-buteric acid methyle... [more]
The impact of a calcium interface layer in combination with a thermal annealing treatment on the performance of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT):[6,6]-phenyl-C61-buteric acid methylester (PCBM) nanoparticle photovoltaic devices is investigated. Annealing is found to disrupt the microstructure of the nanoparticle active layer leading to a reduction in fill factor. However, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements show that the calcium interface layer causes PCBM to preferentially migrate to the cathode interface upon annealing, resulting in better charge extraction from the PCBM moiety, an increase in the built-in voltage, open-circuit voltage, and power conversion efficiency. Moreover, the annealing trends could be completely explained by the observed PCBM migration. Unlike P3HT:PCBM bulk heterojunction devices, the P3HT:PCBM nanoparticle devices showed a remarkable thermal stability up to 120°C. As such, OPVs fabricated from aqueous nanoparticle inks provide an attractive alternative to conventional organic solvent based bulk heterojunction devices.
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Nova |
2014 |
Kumar P, Bilen C, Feron K, Zhou X, Belcher WJ, Dastoor PC, 'Enhanced regeneration of degraded polymer solar cells by thermal annealing', APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 104 (2014) [C1]
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Nova |
2014 |
Nicolaidis N, Vaughan B, Mulligan CJ, Bryant G, Zillger T, Trnovec B, et al., 'Solution processable interface materials for nanoparticulate organic photovoltaic devices', Applied Physics Letters, 104 (2014) [C1]
Nanoparticulate zinc oxide can be prepared at low temperatures from solution processable zinc acetylacetonate. The use of this material as a cathode interfacial layer in nanoparti... [more]
Nanoparticulate zinc oxide can be prepared at low temperatures from solution processable zinc acetylacetonate. The use of this material as a cathode interfacial layer in nanoparticulate organic photovoltaic devices results in comparable performances to those based on reactive calcium layers. Importantly, the enhanced degradation stability and full solution processability make zinc oxide a more desirable material for the fabrication of large area printed devices. © 2014 AIP Publishing LLC.
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Nova |
2014 |
Elkington D, Belcher WJ, Dastoor PC, Zhou XJ, 'Detection of saliva-range glucose concentrations using organic thin-film transistors', Applied Physics Letters, 105 043303-1-043303-4 (2014) [C1]
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Nova |
2014 |
Feron K, Zhou X, Belcher WJ, Fell CJ, Dastoor PC, 'A dynamic Monte Carlo study of anomalous current voltage behaviour in organic solar cells', Journal of Applied Physics, 116 (2014) [C1]
We present a dynamic Monte Carlo (DMC) study of s-shaped current-voltage (I-V) behaviour in organic solar cells. This anomalous behaviour causes a substantial decrease in fill fac... [more]
We present a dynamic Monte Carlo (DMC) study of s-shaped current-voltage (I-V) behaviour in organic solar cells. This anomalous behaviour causes a substantial decrease in fill factor and thus power conversion efficiency. We show that this s-shaped behaviour is induced by charge traps that are located at the electrode interface rather than in the bulk of the active layer, and that the anomaly becomes more pronounced with increasing trap depth or density. Furthermore, the s-shape anomaly is correlated with interface recombination, but not bulk recombination, thus highlighting the importance of controlling the electrode interface. While thermal annealing is known to remove the s-shape anomaly, the reason has been not clear, since these treatments induce multiple simultaneous changes to the organic solar cell structure. The DMC modelling indicates that it is the removal of aluminium clusters at the electrode, which act as charge traps, that removes the anomalous I-V behaviour. Finally, this work shows that the s-shape becomes less pronounced with increasing electron-hole recombination rate; suggesting that efficient organic photovoltaic material systems are more susceptible to these electrode interface effects.
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Nova |
2014 |
Diah AWM, Quirino JP, Belcher W, Holdsworth CI, 'Investigation of the doping efficiency of poly(styrene sulfonic acid) in poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrene sulfonic acid) dispersions by capillary electrophoresis', Electrophoresis, 35 1976-1983 (2014) [C1]
CE can efficiently separate poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrene sulfonic acid) (PEDOT/PSS) complexes and free PSS in dispersions and can be used to estimate the degree o... [more]
CE can efficiently separate poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrene sulfonic acid) (PEDOT/PSS) complexes and free PSS in dispersions and can be used to estimate the degree of PSS doping. We investigated the doping efficiency of PSS on PEDOT in dispersions using CE and its effect on the conductivity of the resulting PEDOT/PSS films. Results of this study indicate that dispersions containing 1:2.5-3 EDOT:PSS feed ratio (by weight) exhibiting 72-73% PSS doping generate highly processable and highly conductive films. Conductivity can be optimized by limiting the time of reaction to 12 h. At this point of the reaction, the PEDOT/PSS segments, appearing as broad band in the electropherogram, could still exist in an extended coil conformation favoring charge transport resulting in high conductivity. Above a threshold PEDOT length formed at reaction times longer than 12 h, the PEDOT/PSS complex, appearing as spikes in the electropherogram, most likely have undergone a conformational change to coiled core-shell structure restricting charge transport resulting in low conductivity. The optimal conductivity (5.2 S/cm) of films from dispersions synthesized for 12 h is significantly higher than those from its commercial equivalent Clevios P and other reported values obtained under similar conditions without the addition of codopants. © 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.
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Nova |
2014 |
Mulligan CJ, Wilson M, Bryant G, Vaughan B, Zhou X, Belcher WJ, Dastoor PC, 'A projection of commercial-scale organic photovoltaic module costs', SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS, 120 9-17 (2014) [C1]
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Nova |
2014 |
Darwis D, Holmes N, Elkington D, Kilcoyne ALD, Bryant G, Zhou X, et al., 'Surfactant-free nanoparticulate organic photovoltaics', SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS, 121 99-107 (2014) [C1]
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Nova |
2014 |
Elkington D, Cooling N, Zhou XJ, Belcher WJ, Dastoor PC, 'Single-step annealing and encapsulation for organic photovoltaics using an exothermically-setting encapsulant material', SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS, 124 75-78 (2014) [C1]
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Nova |
2014 |
Holmes NP, Ulum S, Sista P, Burke KB, Wilson MG, Stefan MC, et al., 'The effect of polymer molecular weight on P3HT:PCBM nanoparticulate organic photovoltaic device performance', Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 128 369-377 (2014) [C1]
Poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), at six molecular weights varying from 5 kDa to 72 kDa (Mw), was used to prepare P3HT: phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) nanoparticulate o... [more]
Poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), at six molecular weights varying from 5 kDa to 72 kDa (Mw), was used to prepare P3HT: phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) nanoparticulate organic photovoltaic (NP OPV) devices and the effect of this variation on device performance is reported. Power conversion efficiency (PCE) is observed to peak for the mid-range of molecular weights tested, this behaviour varies from the trend generally observed with bulk heterojunction (BHJ) devices, where high molecular weight polymers deliver the highest PCEs. Here we demonstrate that polymer molecular weight affects the electronic, morphological and compositional structure of the nanoparticulate film. Significantly, it is the domain composition that is most highly correlated with device performance and this composition is driven by the PCBM mobility and aggregation within the nanoparticulate structure. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.
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Nova |
2014 |
Vaughan B, Williams EL, Holmes NP, Sonar P, Dodabalapur A, Dastoor PC, Belcher WJ, 'Water-based nanoparticulate solar cells using a diketopyrrolopyrrole donor polymer', PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS, 16 2647-2653 (2014) [C1]
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Nova |
2014 |
Elkington D, Cooling N, Belcher W, Dastoor P, Zhou X, 'Organic Thin-Film Transistor (OTFT)-Based Sensors', Electronics, 3 234-254 (2014) [C1]
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Nova |
2014 |
Zhou X, Belcher W, Dastoor P, 'Solar Paint: From Synthesis to Printing', POLYMERS, 6 2832-2844 (2014) [C1]
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Nova |
2013 |
Feron K, Ulum S, Holmes NP, Kilcoyne ALD, Belcher WJ, Zhou X, et al., 'Modelling transport in nanoparticle organic solar cells using Monte Carlo methods', APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 103 (2013) [C1]
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Nova |
2013 |
Darwis D, Elkington D, Ulum S, Bryant G, Belcher W, Dastoor P, Zhou X, 'Novel low voltage and solution processable organic thin film transistors based on water dispersed polymer semiconductor nanoparticulates', Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 401 65-69 (2013) [C1]
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Nova |
2013 |
Sista P, Kularatne RS, Mulholland ME, Wilson M, Holmes N, Zhou X, et al., 'Synthesis and photovoltaic performance of donoracceptor polymers containing benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b]dithiophene with thienyl substituents', Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry, 51 2622-2630 (2013) [C1]
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Nova |
2013 |
Duck BC, Vaughan B, Cooling N, Zhou X, Holdsworth JL, Wen LL, et al., 'An equivalent circuit model for ternary blend P3HT:pC(6)TP:PCBM low band gap devices', SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS, 114 65-70 (2013) [C1]
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Nova |
2013 |
Ulum S, Holmes N, Darwis D, Burke K, Kilcoyne ALD, Zhou X, et al., 'Determining the structural motif of P3HT:PCBM nanoparticulate organic photovoltaic devices', Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells, 110 43-48 (2013) [C1]
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Nova |
2013 |
Duck BC, Vaughan B, Wen L, Heth CL, Rasmussen SC, Zhou X, et al., 'Probing the structure-function relationship in pC(6)TP:PCBM based organic photonic devices', Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 110 8-14 (2013) [C1]
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Nova |
2013 |
Holmes NP, Burke KB, Sista P, Barr M, Magurudeniya HD, Stefan MC, et al., 'Nano-domain behaviour in P3HT:PCBM nanoparticles, relating material properties to morphological changes', Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 117 437-445 (2013) [C1]
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Nova |
2013 |
Berriman G, Routley B, Clothier S, Holdsworth JL, Belcher WJ, Zhou XJ, Dastoor PC, 'Development of a multi-wavelength photocurrent mapping system', Measurement Science and Technology, 24 (2013) [C1]
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Nova |
2013 |
Sista P, Wilson M, Holmes N, Kularatne RS, Rainbolt EA, Biewer MC, et al., 'Non-Dependence of Polymer to PCBM Weight Ratio on the Performance of Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells with Benzodithiophene Donor Polymer', SCIENCE OF ADVANCED MATERIALS, 5 512-518 (2013) [C1]
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Nova |
2013 |
Ulum S, Holmes N, Barr M, Kilcoyne ALD, Bin Gong B, Zhou X, et al., 'The role of miscibility in polymer:fullerene nanoparticulate organic photovoltaic devices', NANO ENERGY, 2 897-905 (2013) [C1]
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Nova |
2012 |
Vaughan BS, Stapleton AJ, Xue B, Sesa E, Zhou X, Bryant GW, et al., 'Effect of a calcium cathode on water-based nanoparticulate solar cells', Applied Physics Letters, 101 (2012) [C1]
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Nova |
2012 |
Feron K, Fell CJ, Rozanski LJ, Gong BB, Nicolaidis NC, Belcher WJ, et al., 'Towards the development of a virtual organic solar cell: An experimental and dynamic Monte Carlo study of the role of charge blocking layers and active layer thickness', Applied Physics Letters, 101 (2012) [C1]
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Nova |
2012 |
Feron K, Zhou X, Belcher WJ, Dastoor PC, 'Exciton transport in organic semiconductors: Forster resonance energy transfer compared with a simple random walk', Journal of Applied Physics, 111 (2012) [C1]
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Nova |
2012 |
Diah AWM, Holdsworth CI, Holdsworth JL, Belcher WJ, Quirino JP, 'Capillary electrophoresis with photodiode array detection of processable poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/polystyrene sulfonate aqueous dispersions', Journal of Chromatography A, 1267 246-251 (2012) [C1]
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Nova |
2012 |
Sista P, Xue B, Wilson MG, Holmes NP, Kularatne RS, Nguyen H, et al., 'Influence of the alkyl substituents spacing on the solar cell performance of benzodithiophene semiconducting polymers', Macromolecules, 45 772-780 (2012) [C1]
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Nova |
2012 |
Burke KB, Luber EJ, Holmes NP, Murray AJ, Belcher WJ, Zhou X, et al., 'A knife-edge measurement of the beam profile of STXM 5.3.2.2 using a focussed ion beam milled metallic glass', Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena, 185 453-457 (2012) [C1]
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Nova |
2012 |
Cooling NA, Zhou X, Sales TA, Sauer SE, Lind SJ, Gordon KC, et al., 'A study of the factors influencing the performance of ternary MEH-PPV:porphyrin:PCBM heterojunction devices: Electronic effects in porphyrinoid ternary blend bulk heterojunction photovoltaic devices', Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 98 308-316 (2012) [C1]
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Nova |
2012 |
Stapleton AJ, Vaughan BS, Xue B, Sesa E, Burke KB, Zhou X, et al., 'A multilayered approach to polyfluorene water-based organic photovoltaics', Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 102 114-124 (2012) [C1]
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Nova |
2012 |
Feron K, Belcher WJ, Fell CJ, Dastoor PC, 'Organic solar cells: Understanding the role of Forster resonance energy transfer', International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 13 17019-17047 (2012) [C1]
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Nova |
2012 |
Supangat A, Bryant GW, Belcher WJ, Dastoor PC, 'Synthesis of indium oxide nanowires encapsulated in amorphous carbon nanostructures on indium tin oxide substrate', Materials Research Innovations, 16 101-104 (2012) [C1]
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Nova |
2012 |
Supangat A, Bryant GW, Belcher WJ, Dastoor PC, 'Templated growth of poly(p-phenylenevinylene) nanostructures by chemical vapour deposition', Materials Research Innovations, 16 91-95 (2012) [C1]
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Nova |
2012 |
Burke KB, Shu Y, Kemppinen P, Singh B, Bown M, Liaw II, et al., 'Single Crystal X-ray, AFM, NEXAFS, and OFET Studies on Angular Polycyclic Aromatic Silyl-Capped 7,14-Bis(ethynyl)dibenzo b,def chrysenes', Crystal Growth & Design, 12 725-731 (2012) [C1]
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Nova |
2012 |
Elkington DC, Darwis D, Zhou X, Belcher WJ, Dastoor PC, 'The fabrication and characterization of poly(4-vinylpyridine)-based thin film transistors exhibiting enhanced ion modulation', Organic Electronics, 13 153-158 (2012) [C1]
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Nova |
2011 |
Nicolaidis NC, Routley BS, Holdsworth JL, Belcher WJ, Zhou X, Dastoor PC, 'Fullerene contribution to photocurrent generation in organic photovoltaic cells', Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 115 7801-7805 (2011) [C1]
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Nova |
2011 |
Lim ZB, Xue B, Bomma S, Li H, Sun S, Lam YM, et al., 'New moderate bandgap polymers containing Alkoxysubstituted-Benzo[c][1,2,5] thiadiazole and Thiophene-based units', Journal of Polymer Science, Part A: Polymer Chemistry, 49 4387-4397 (2011) [C1]
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Nova |
2011 |
Cooling NA, Burke KB, Zhou X, Lind SJ, Gordon KC, Jones TW, et al., 'A study of the factors influencing the performance of ternary MEH-PPV:porphyrin:PCBM heterojunction devices: A steric approach to controlling charge recombination', Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 95 1767-1774 (2011) [C1]
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Nova |
2011 |
Burke KB, Stapleton AJ, Vaughan B, Zhou X, Kilcoyne ALD, Belcher WJ, Dastoor PC, 'Scanning transmission x-ray microscopy of polymer nanoparticles: probing morphology on sub-10 nm length scales', NANOTECHNOLOGY, 22 (2011)
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2011 |
Burke KB, Stapleton AJ, Vaughan BS, Zhou X, Kilcoyne ALD, Belcher WJ, Dastoor PC, 'Scanning transmission x-ray microscopy of polymer nanoparticles: probing morphology on sub-10 nm length scales', Nanotechnology, 22 1-6 (2011) [C1]
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Nova |
2010 |
Xue B, Vaughan B, Poh C-H, Burke KB, Thomsen L, Stapleton AJ, et al., 'Vertical stratification and interfacial structure in P3HT: PCBM organic solar cells', Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 114 15797-15805 (2010) [C1]
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Nova |
2010 |
Swinburne AN, Paterson MJ, Fischer KH, Dickson SJ, Wallace EVB, Belcher WJ, et al., 'Colourimetric carboxylate anion sensors derived from viologen-based receptors', Chemistry - A European Journal, 16 1480-1492 (2010) [C1]
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Nova |
2010 |
Supangat A, Zhou X, Belcher WJ, Dastoor PC, 'Chemical vapour deposition of poly(p-phenylenevinylene) nanofilms for use in organic photovoltaics', Materials Research Innovations, 15 S18-S20 (2010) [C1]
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2009 |
Burke KB, Belcher WJ, Thomsen L, Watts B, McNeill CR, Ade H, Dastoor PC, 'Role of solvent trapping effects in determining the structure and morphology of ternary blend organic devices', Macromolecules, 42 3098-3103 (2009) [C1]
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Nova |
2009 |
McNeill CR, Watts B, Thomsen L, Belcher WJ, Greenham NC, Dastoor PC, Ade H, 'Evolution of laterally phase-separated polyfluorene blend morphology studied by X-ray spectromicroscopy', Macromolecules, 42 3347-3352 (2009) [C1]
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Nova |
2009 |
Watts B, Belcher WJ, Thomsen L, Ade H, Dastoor PC, 'A quantitative study of PCBM diffusion during annealing of P3HT: PCBM blend films', Macromolecules, 42 0024-9297 (2009) [C1]
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Nova |
2008 |
Dickson SJ, Wallace EVB, Swinburne AN, Paterson MJ, Lloyd GO, Beeby A, et al., 'Intramolecular binding site competition as a means of tuning the response of a colourimetric anion sensor', New Journal of Chemistry, 32 786-789 (2008) [C1]
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Nova |
2008 |
Belcher WJ, Hodgson MC, Sumida K, Torvisco A, Ruhlandt-Senge K, Ware DC, et al., 'Porphyrin complexes containing coordinated BOB groups: synthesis, chemical reactivity and the structure of [BOB(tpClpp)](2+)', Dalton Transactions, 1602-1614 (2008) [C1]
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Nova |
2008 |
Cotton DV, Fell CJ, Belcher WJ, Tachiya M, Dastoor PC, 'Erratum: Investigation of the photochemistry of the poly {p-phenylenevinylene} precursor system: Implications for nanolithography (Journal of Chemical Physics (2007) 126 (174703))', Journal of Chemical Physics, 128 - (2008) [C3]
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Nova |
2008 |
Cotton DV, Fell CJ, Belcher WJ, Dastoor PC, 'The origin of fine structure in near-field scanning optical lithography of an electroactive polymer', Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 41 195107 (2008) [C1]
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Nova |
2008 |
Wakeham D, Donne SW, Belcher WJ, Dastoor PC, 'Electrochemical and morphological characterization of electrodeposited poly(2,2':5',2'-terthiophene) for photovoltaic applications', Synthetic Metals, 158 661-669 (2008) [C1]
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Nova |
2008 |
McNeill CR, Watts B, Swaraj S, Ade H, Thomsen L, Belcher WJ, Dastoor PC, 'Evolution of the nanomorphology of photovoltaic polyfluorene blends: sub-100 nm resolution with x-ray spectromicroscopy', Nanotechnology, 19 1-7 (2008) [C1]
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Nova |
2007 |
Harris CJ, Belcher WJ, Dastoor PC, 'Effect of film thickness and morphology on the performance of photoelectrochemical cells based on poly(terthiophene)', Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 91 1127-1136 (2007) [C1]
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2007 |
Belcher WJ, Wagner KI, Dastoor PC, 'The effect of porphyrin inclusion on the spectral response of ternary P3HT : porphyrin : PCBM bulk heterojunction solar cells', Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 91 447-452 (2007) [C1]
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2007 |
Dastoor PC, McNeill CR, Frohne H, Foster CJ, Dean B, Fell CJ, et al., 'Understanding and improving solid-state Polymer/C-60-Fullerene bulk-heterojunction solar cells using ternary porphyrin blends', Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 111 15415-15426 (2007) [C1]
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Nova |
2007 |
Cotton DV, Fell CJ, Belcher WJ, Dastoor PC, 'Investigation of the photochemistry of the poly{ p -phenylenevinylene} precursor system: Implications for nanolithography', Journal of Chemical Physics, 126 1-8 (2007) [C1]
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Nova |
2006 |
Belcher WJ, Fabre M, Farhan T, Steed JW, 'Pyridinium CH anion and p-stacking interactions in modular tripodal anion binding hosts: ATP binding and solid-state chiral induction', Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, 4 781-786 (2006) [C1]
The preparation of two new tripodal 'pinwheel' type anion hosts based on a triethylbenzene core and bipyridinium or ethylnicotinium arms is reported. The new materials b... [more]
The preparation of two new tripodal 'pinwheel' type anion hosts based on a triethylbenzene core and bipyridinium or ethylnicotinium arms is reported. The new materials bind anions via CH¿anion interactions. Complexes with Br- and PF6- have been characterised by X-ray crystallography as both solvates in a pure form. In the bipyridinium host CH¿F interactions to PF6- induce a chiral C 3 symmetric conformation that is disrupted in the hydrate. The compound is also selective for ATP2- in aqueous acetonitrile. © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2006.
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2006 |
McNeill CR, Watts B, Thomsen L, Belcher WJ, Greenham NC, Dastoor PC, 'Nanoscale quantitative chemical mapping of conjugated polymer blends', Nano Letters, 6 1202-1206 (2006) [C1]
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Nova |
2006 |
McNeill CR, Watts B, Thomsen L, Belcher WJ, Kilcoyne ALD, Greenham NC, Dastoor PC, 'X-ray spectromicroscopy of polymer/ fullerene composites: Quantitative chemical mapping', Small, 2 1432-1435 (2006) [C1]
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2003 |
Wallace KJ, Belcher WJ, Turner DR, Syed KF, Steed JW, 'Slow anion exchange, conformational equilibria, and fluorescent sensing in venus flytrap aminopyridinium-based anion hosts', Journal of the American Chemical Society, 125 9699-9715 (2003) [C1]
The synthesis, anion binding, and conformational properties of a series of 3-aminopyridinium-based, tripodal, tricationic hosts for anions are described. Slow anion and conformati... [more]
The synthesis, anion binding, and conformational properties of a series of 3-aminopyridinium-based, tripodal, tricationic hosts for anions are described. Slow anion and conformational exchange on the 1H NMR time scale at low temperature, coupled with NMR titration, results in a high level of understanding of the anion-binding properties of the compounds, particularly with respect to significant conformational change resulting from induced fit complexation. Peak selectivity for halides, particularly Cl-, is observed. The approach has been extended to dipodal and tripodal podands based on 3-aminopyridinium "arms" containing photoactive anthracenyl moieties. The 1,3,5-tripodal host shows a remarkable selectivity for acetate over other anions, in contrast to the analogous unsubstituted tris(3-aminopyridinium) analogue, despite the fact that low-temperature 1H NMR experiments reveal a total of four acetate-binding conformations. Photodimerization of anthracene units results in the formation of potential fluorescent anion sensors.
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2003 |
Wallace KJ, Daari R, Belcher WJ, Abouderbala LO, Boutelle MG, Steed JW, 'Oxo-anion binding by metal containing molecular 'clefts'', Journal of Organometallic Chemistry, 666 63-74 (2003) [C1]
A simple but effective route has been developed to produce a series of molecular clefts, [(¿ 6 -p-cymene)RuCl (1) 2 ]PF 6 (4a),[(dppe)Pd(1) 2 ](BF 4 ) 2 (5a), [(dppe)Pd(2) 2 ](BF ... [more]
A simple but effective route has been developed to produce a series of molecular clefts, [(¿ 6 -p-cymene)RuCl (1) 2 ]PF 6 (4a),[(dppe)Pd(1) 2 ](BF 4 ) 2 (5a), [(dppe)Pd(2) 2 ](BF 4 ) 2 (5b), [(dppe)Pt (1) 2 ](BF 4 ) 2 (6a) and [(dppe)Pt(2) 2 ](BF 4 ) 2 (6b), that contain either a redox active ferrocenyl or a photoactive anthracenyl side arm, attached to a ruthenium(II), palladium(II) or platinum(II) backbone. Compounds 4a, 5a, 5b and 6a act as hosts for oxo-anions. Anion recognition is achieved via convergent hydrogen bond interactions from secondary amine functionality on the side arms. The binding is also enhanced by the positive charge of the metal centres. The X-ray crystal structure of the related [PdCl 2 (1) 2 ] (7) shows it to possess a trans geometry. The X-ray crystal structures of the monoadducts [(¿ 6 -p-cymene) RuCl 2 (1)] (3a) and [(¿ 6 -p-cymene)RuC l 2(2)] (3b), which show contrasting behaviour in their hydrogen bonding to coordinated chloride, are also reported. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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2003 |
Zhang J, Bond AM, Belcher WJ, Wallace KJ, Steed JW, 'Electrochemical studies on the modular podand 1,3,5-tris(3-((ferrocenylmethyl)amino)pyridiniumyl)-2,4,6-triethylbenzene hexafluorophosphate in conventional solvents and ionic liquids', Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 107 5777-5786 (2003)
The solution-phase voltammetry of the modular podand, 1,3,5-tris(3-((ferrocenylmethyl)amino)pyridiniumyl)-2,4,6-triethylbenzene hexafluorophosphate, [PD][PF6]3, in acetonitrile (0... [more]
The solution-phase voltammetry of the modular podand, 1,3,5-tris(3-((ferrocenylmethyl)amino)pyridiniumyl)-2,4,6-triethylbenzene hexafluorophosphate, [PD][PF6]3, in acetonitrile (0.1 M Bu4NPF6) and the ionic liquids [1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, (ethylmethylimidazoliumyl)bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)-amide, and (n-butylmethylpyrrolidiniumyl)bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide] exhibits a well-defined diffusion-controlled process at a potential of about 1.40 V vs [Co(¿5-C5H5)2]+/0. Detailed chronoamperometric and near steady-state microdisk electrode studies reveal that although the process has many of the characteristics of a reversible one-electron oxidation reaction, it is actually a combination of three very closely spaced reversible one-electron processes, implying that there is minimal communication between the three ferrocenyl redox active centers present in the podand. The voltammetry of very slowly dissolving microparticles of [PD][PF6]3 mechanically attached to an electrode surface in contact with ionic liquids is indistinguishable from that observed when the podand is in the dissolved state in the ionic liquid. In contrast, cyclic voltammograms obtained when a [PD][PF6]3 modified electrode is in contact with aqueous electrolyte media exhibit behavior very different from that found in the solution phase. For example, in the presence of KPF6 electrolyte, three resolved oxidation peaks are detected, whereas in some other electrolyte media, transformations to features expected in stripping voltammetry are encountered on repetitive cycling of the potential. Unlike the case in ionic liquids, [PD][PF6]3 is thermodynamically insoluble in water, although oxidized forms are believed to have an anion dependent level of solubility. Consequently, an oxidation - dissolution/reduction - reprecipitation and ion exchange type mechanism is believed to lead to a transition from the "thick" to "thin" film type of voltammetric behavior, which is supported by numerical simulation.
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2002 |
Abouderbala LO, Belcher WJ, Boutelle MG, Cragg PJ, Steed JW, Turner DR, Wallace KJ, 'Cooperative anion binding and electrochemical sensing by modular podands', Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 99 5001-5006 (2002) [C1]
A series of podands based on two or three hydrogen bonding "arms" situated in mutually ortho, meta, or para relationships about an aryl core have been prepared, and thei... [more]
A series of podands based on two or three hydrogen bonding "arms" situated in mutually ortho, meta, or para relationships about an aryl core have been prepared, and their affinities for simple inorganic anions were measured. Of the two-arm hosts the meta compound and to a lesser extent the ortho host exhibit a cooperative anion binding effect. The two arms function essentially independently in the para derivative. The mutually meta three-arm host shows dramatically enhanced cooperative binding. Conformational changes within the meta two-arm host result in significantly enhanced electrochemical anion sensing compared with the more conformationally rigid three-arm host.
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2002 |
Belcher WJ, Burrell AK, Officer DL, Reid DCW, Scott SM, 'The synthesis of specifically metallated heterobimetallic dimeric porphyrins', Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines, 6 720-736 (2002)
A series of conjugated mixed metal heteroporphyrin dimers has been prepared using Wittig chemistry. They can be synthesized from a double Wittig reaction between porphyrin phospho... [more]
A series of conjugated mixed metal heteroporphyrin dimers has been prepared using Wittig chemistry. They can be synthesized from a double Wittig reaction between porphyrin phosphonium salts and phthalaldehydes, or from stepwise Wittig reactions. This allows both symmetrical and unsymmetrical dimers to be prepared with complete control of porphyrin metallation. Copyright © 2002 Society of Porphyrins & Phthalocyanines.
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2002 |
Belcher WJ, Longstaff CA, Neckenig MR, Steed JW, 'Channel-containing 1D coordination polymers based on a linear dimetallic spacer', Chemical Communications, 2 1602-1603 (2002) [C1]
A new channel-containing 1D coordination polymer has been prepared by the combination of a linear dimetallic spacer, Cu2(O2CMe)4, and a linear didentate ligand, 1,3-di-4-pyridylpr... [more]
A new channel-containing 1D coordination polymer has been prepared by the combination of a linear dimetallic spacer, Cu2(O2CMe)4, and a linear didentate ligand, 1,3-di-4-pyridylpropane; the new material includes methanol, acetic acid and diethylene glycol. © 2002 The Royal Society of Chemistry.
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2002 |
Abouderbala LO, Belcher WJ, Boutelle MG, Cragg PJ, Dhaliwal J, Fabre M, et al., 'Anion sensing venus flytrap hosts: A modular approach', Chemical Communications, 2 358-359 (2002) [C1]
A series of podands based on three hydrogen bonding ¿arms¿ have been prepared and their affinities for simple inorganic anions measured. © 2002 Royal Society of Chemistry.... [more]
A series of podands based on three hydrogen bonding ¿arms¿ have been prepared and their affinities for simple inorganic anions measured. © 2002 Royal Society of Chemistry.
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2002 |
Abouderbala LO, Belcher WJ, Boutelle MG, Cragg PJ, Dhaliwal J, Fabre M, et al., 'Anion sensing ;venus flytrap hosts: A modular approach', Chemical Communications, 2 380-381 (2002)
A series of podands based on three hydrogen bonding ¿arms¿ have been prepared and their affinities for simple inorganic anions measured. © 2002 Royal Society of Chemistry.... [more]
A series of podands based on three hydrogen bonding ¿arms¿ have been prepared and their affinities for simple inorganic anions measured. © 2002 Royal Society of Chemistry.
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2002 |
Belcher WJ, Burrell AK, Officer DL, Reid DCW, Scott SM, 'The synthesis of specifically metallated heterobimetallic dimeric porphyrins', JOURNAL OF PORPHYRINS AND PHTHALOCYANINES, 6 720-736 (2002) [C1]
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2001 |
Calleja M, Johnson K, Belcher WJ, Steed JW, 'Oxonium ions from aqua regia: Isolation by hydrogen bonding to crown ethers', Inorganic Chemistry, 40 4978-4985 (2001) [C1]
The preparation and structures of a variety of oxonium ion tetrachloroaurate(III) salts isolated from aqua regia are reported. The new compounds are [(H5O2)2(12-crown-4)2] [AuCl4]... [more]
The preparation and structures of a variety of oxonium ion tetrachloroaurate(III) salts isolated from aqua regia are reported. The new compounds are [(H5O2)2(12-crown-4)2] [AuCl4]2 (1), [(H7O3)(15-crown-5)][AuCl4] (2), [(H5O2)(benzo-15-crown-5)2] [AuCl4] (3), [(H3O)(18-crown-6)][AuCl4] (4), [(H5O2)(dibenzo-24-crown-8)][AuCl4] (5), [(H5O2)(4-nitrobenzo-15-crown-5)2] [AuCl4] (6), [(H3O)(4-nitrobenzo-18-crown-6)][AuCl4] (7), [(H11O5)-(tetrachlorodibenzo-18-crown-6)2] [AuCl4] (8), and [(H7O3)(dinitrodibenzo-30-crown-10)][AuCl4] (9). A significant correlation between the degree of proton hydration and crown ether size is observed. Aryl crown ethers are nitrated in concentrated aqua regia, but nonnitrated products may be obtained in a dilute solution of aqua regia by reaction with aqueous HAuCl4.
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1999 |
Belcher WJ, Burrell AK, Campbell WM, Officer DL, Reid DCW, Wild KY, 'A convenient synthesis of trimeric porphyrins with systematically variable geometry', Tetrahedron, 55 2401-2418 (1999) [C1]
A facile synthesis of trimeric porphyrins is reported. The geometry of the terminal porphyrins relative to the central macrocycle can be varied without significant changes to the ... [more]
A facile synthesis of trimeric porphyrins is reported. The geometry of the terminal porphyrins relative to the central macrocycle can be varied without significant changes to the synthetic procedure. This procedure also enables systematic control over the metallation states of the trimeric porphyrins.
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1999 |
Belcher WJ, Brothers PJ, Meredith AP, Rickard CEF, Ware DC, 'Tin complexes of tetramethyltetraazadibenzo[14]annulene: Organometallic derivatives', Journal of the Chemical Society - Dalton Transactions, 2833-2836 (1999) [C1]
The oxidative addition of alkyl iodides to the tin(II) complex of the 6,8,15,17-tetramethyl-5,9,14,18-tetraazadibenzo-[14]annulene dianion, Sn(tmtaa), in THF produced cationic, fi... [more]
The oxidative addition of alkyl iodides to the tin(II) complex of the 6,8,15,17-tetramethyl-5,9,14,18-tetraazadibenzo-[14]annulene dianion, Sn(tmtaa), in THF produced cationic, five-co-ordinate complexes [Sn(tmtaa)(R)]I, where R = Me, Et, n-Pr or n-Bu. Diiodomethane added to two equivalents of Sn(tmtaa) to give the CH2 bridged dication [{Sn(tmtaa)}2(µ-CH2)]I2. The new alkyl complexes are all air stable in solution and the solid state. Two of the complexes, [Sn(tmtaa)Me]I·2CHCl3 and [{Sn(tmtaa)}2(µ-CH2)]I 2·LiI·3H2O, have been characterised by single crystal X-ray diffraction studies, which confirms the five-co-ordinate geometry of the cations.
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1998 |
Belcher WJ, Breede M, Brothers PJ, Rickard CEF, 'A porphyrin as a binucleating ligand: Preparation and crystal structure of a porphyrin complex containing a coordinated B
A new coordination mode for the porphyrin ligand is found in [B2O2(BCl3)2(tpClpp)] (tpClpp = dianion of 5,10,15,20-tetra-p-chlorophenylporphyrin; the p-chlorophenyl groups are omi... [more]
A new coordination mode for the porphyrin ligand is found in [B2O2(BCl3)2(tpClpp)] (tpClpp = dianion of 5,10,15,20-tetra-p-chlorophenylporphyrin; the p-chlorophenyl groups are omitted for clarity in the picture shown on the right). This complex contains a four-membered B2O2 ring in the cavity of the ligand. The two boron atoms are coplanar with the porphyrin molecule, which undergoes an elongation along the B···B axis to accommodate the unusual guest.
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1997 |
Belcher WJ, Brothers PJ, Rickard CEF, 'Bis(propionato-O)[5,10,15,20-tetra(p-chlorophenyl)porphyrinato-kappa N-4]tin(IV) dichloromethane solvate', ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C-CRYSTAL STRUCTURE COMMUNICATIONS, 53 725-726 (1997) [C1]
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1994 |
Belcher WJ, Boyd PDW, Brothers PJ, 'NEW COORDINATION MODE FOR THE PORPHYRIN LIGAND IN THE BORON PORPHYRIN COMPLEX B2OF2(TTP)', JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, 116 8416-8417 (1994) [C1]
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1994 |
Belcher W, Liu YH, Benassy MF, Chojnacki S, 'ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SPECTROELECTROCHEMICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF [(TPTP)M(V)L(2)]CL+(-) WHERE TPTP IS THE DIANION OF TETRA-P-TOLYLPORPHYRIN, M=P OR SB, AND L=CL- OR OCH3-', Inorganic Chemistry, 33 4480-4484 (1994) [C1]
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1993 |
Belcher WJ, Brothers PJ, Land MV, 'TIN(IV), GERMANIUM(IV) AND SILICON(IV) COMPLEXES OF THE DIANION OF 5,14-DIHYDRO-6,8,15,17-TETRAMETHYLDIBENZO-[B,I][1,4,8,11]TETRAAZACYCLOTETRADECINE (H2L) - CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES OF TRANS-SN(L)CL2 AND TRANS-SN(L)(NO3)2.MECN', JOURNAL OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY-DALTON TRANSACTIONS, 14 2101-2105 (1993) [C1]
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1992 |
Barbour T, Belcher WJ, Brothers PJ, Rickard CEF, Ware DC, 'Preparation of Group 15 (phosphorous, antimony, and bismuth) complexes of meso-tetra-p-tolylporphyrin(TTP) and X-ray crystal structure of [Sb(TTP)(OCH(CH3)2)2]Cl', INORGANIC CHEMISTRY, 31 746-754 (1992) [C1]
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