Dr Margurite Hook

More than a decade ago, Nielsen and Wilson (2012) developed the 'Critical Typology of Indigenous Tourism Research' in this very publication, the Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management. They argued that Indigenous voices are rarely heard in tourism research that is dominated by White, western academics. Critical tourism scholars are still echoing this sentiment today, calling attention to the need for Indigenous tourism research to be led by Indigenous peoples. This research commentary rethinks and reframes the typology, presenting an Indigenised model, the 'Spectrum of Indigenous Engagement'. This contemporary model presents four approaches: blind, superficial, collaborative and Indigenist, illustrated by recent examples of Indigenous tourism research. The paper draws attention to scholars who are effectively implementing innovation and inclusive methods of Indigenous engagement, and identifies barriers to the widespread adoption of Indigenist research approaches. Above all, this paper seeks to provoke increased reflexivity and critical dialogue within the Indigenous tourism research community.

With hundreds of articles dedicated to investigating brand communities, there is now a need to consolidate the literature. This review addresses the need to reconcile the findings of brand community participation literature through undertaking a literature review. Over 1900 articles were examined, 41 in detail. Findings reveal that three forms of brand community participation have been studied: offline, online, and social-media-based, each uncovering the antecedents and consequences of brand community participation. Antecedents were grouped into five categories (self-related, social-related, information-related, entertainment-related and technology-related) and consequences into three categories (brand-related, brand community-related, and social-related). From the review, several future research directions are uncovered, including 16 specific research questions. By scrutinising the vast literature on brand community participation, and presenting multiple avenues for future research, this review presents findings useful for academics and practitioners alike.

Purpose: This paper aims to focus mainly on the relationship between ownership structure and earnings management of a developed and two developing economies, and is distinct from prior research. Design/methodology/approach: Using a sample of firms from three countries (Australia, Malaysia and Pakistan), the detailed ownership evolutions for the period 2011-2013 were observed. Findings: Overall, the authors find that in the East, ownership concentration is negatively associated with financial reporting quality. Individual ownership and group ownership were negatively associated with earnings management in Pakistan, however, not in Malaysia where the same were positively associated. Further, the result of this study indicated that state ownership is negatively associated with firm performance. Among the control variables, it was found that larger firms were negatively correlated with financial reporting, while firms with a larger board size and mature in the maneuver were coupled positively with earnings management. Originality/value: The results highlight the highly individualized effects of blockholders and the need for research to further understand the mechanisms through which shareholders impact financial reporting quality.