
Professor Kypros Kypri
Professorial Fellow
School of Medicine and Public Health (Public Health)
- Email:kypros.kypri@newcastle.edu.au
- Phone:0448 898 814
Career Summary
Biography
*COVID-19 related update: 15 October 2020*
From April-August 2020 I was seconded to the Hunter New England Local Health District to coordinate a program of research on COVID-19, funded by NSW Health, including:
1) epidemiological studies of COVID-19 transmission risk; and
2) rapid evidence synthesis to guide policy and practice.
In August 2020, I commenced in a 2-day per week role as Program Convenor of the Master of Clinical Epidemiology, and teaching Research Protocol Design, a course within that program.
From late September 2020 I began in a 3-day per week role as Professorial Fellow working with Professor Elizabeth Sullivan in her program of research on custodial health within the Faculty of Health and Medicine.
Aside from supporting my existing PhD students and revising papers under review, I have put my usual research and related activities (described below) on hold indefinitely.
Overview
I joined the UoN as a senior lecturer in population health in 2004, and was promoted to associate professor in 2010 and full professor in 2013. I was trained in experimental and clinical psychology at the University of NSW, University of Otago, and University of California San Diego from 1994-1998. I completed a PhD in injury epidemiology at the University of Otago in 2002.
Research program
With the input of many colleagues I established a research group which is the hub of several national and international collaborative projects focused on the epidemiology and prevention of alcohol-related injury and disease. In efforts over 20 years in several countries, it became clear that the principal barrier to reducing alcohol harm is the influence of commercial vested interests on policy. Accordingly, the focus of my research increasingly turned to the strategies used by corporations to achieve policy outcomes that favour their commercial objectives. Such research is difficult to fund and often invokes the ire of powerful industry actors, and I fear that the work is unsustainable in the current climate.
Research Expertise
I am, or have been, a chief investigator on national competitive grants, from government agencies including:
Australia
- National Health and Medical Research Council – Project Grants
- Australian Research Council – Discovery Projects and Linkage Projects
- Australian National Preventive Health Agency
International
- Health Research Council, New Zealand
- Marsden Fund, Royal Society of New Zealand
- National Council of Science and Technology, Brazil
- National Institute of Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse, USA
- National Institute of Drug Abuse, USA
Publications
My work is reflected in >200 peer-reviewed publications (H-index 43, Scopus) including several invited papers, editorials, and commentaries. The papers are published in leading:
- General medical journals: BMJ, JAMA, PloS Medicine, Archives of Internal Medicine, Medical Journal of Australia
- Public health journals: American Journal of Public Health, Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, Journal of Clinical Epidemiology
- Substance use journals: Addiction, Drug & Alcohol Dependence, Drug & Alcohol Review
The papers reflect expertise in a range of areas: use of official data, population surveys, cohort studies, intervention development, natural experiments, and clinical trials. The clinical trials and survey methods studies have been recognised internationally for their innovation, scale, and careful implementation.
Scientific review
I am a Senior Editor of the Drug and Alcohol Review (2017 impact factor 2.8), the leading journal in the substance use field outside Europe and the USA.
I have served on NHMRC review panels for: Project Grants, Postgraduate Scholarships, Career Development Fellowship I and II, and Investigator Grants
I have been an external reviewer for the Australian Research Council regularly since 2010, and I have reviewed proposals for several national funding agencies:
- Health Research Council of New Zealand- Ireland Health Review Board
- Marsden Fund, Royal Society of New Zealand- Medical Research Council, United Kingdom
- Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development
- Swiss National Science Federation
- Wellcome Trust UK and India Alliance
Current grant funded projects
Mattick R, Kypri K, Horwood J et al. Parental supply of alcohol to children: Associations with early adult health – binge drinking, alcohol-related harms, aggression, and alcohol use disorders. NHMRC Project Grant, 1146634, 2018-2022, $1,127,690
Adams P, Kypri K, Swinburne B, McCambridge J, Collin J. Shaping public policy: Mixed Methods Study of Alcohol, Tobacco, Gambling and Food Industry Points of Influence with Policy Makers. Marsden Fund (Royal Society of New Zealand) Project Grant (17-UOA-323), 2018-2020 $825,000
Tzelepis F, Paul CL, Wiggers J, Kypri K, Morgan PJ, et al . A Cluster randomised trial of electronic feedback, online and telephone support on multiple health risk behaviours among Technical and Further Education (TAFE) students. NHMRC (1124462), 2017-2020, $674,076
Miller P, Coomber K, Clough A, Michael M, Ferris J, Chikritzhs T, Kypri K, Lloyd B, Livingston M, Najman J, Crane M, O'Neill B, Matthews S. An assessment of late night alcohol restrictions in Queensland. Australian Research Council – Linkage Project Grant (LP160100067), 2016-20, $401,179
Slade T, Swift W, Kypri K, Lynskey M, Mewton L, Butterworth P. The RADAR project: Identifying early warning signals on the pathways to alcohol use disorder. NHMRC (1105521), 2016-2020, $884,321
Qualifications
- Doctor of Philosophy, University of Otago - New Zealand
Keywords
- Alcohol
- Alcohol Policy
- Health Behaviour
- Public Health
- Research integrity
- Research methods
- commercial determinants of health
Languages
- Greek (Fluent)
Fields of Research
Code | Description | Percentage |
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160599 | Policy and Administration not elsewhere classified | 25 |
111799 | Public Health and Health Services not elsewhere classified | 75 |
Professional Experience
UON Appointment
Title | Organisation / Department |
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Academic appointment
Dates | Title | Organisation / Department |
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1/11/2005 - 1/4/2006 | Member | Health Research Council Public Health Assessment Committee New Zealand |
1/11/2005 - 1/10/2007 | Senior Research Fellow | University of Otago Injury Prevention Research Unit New Zealand |
1/7/2010 - 1/6/2013 | Associate Professor | University of Newcastle School of Medicine and Public Health Australia |
1/2/2004 - 1/1/2007 | Senior Lecturer in Population Health | University of Newcastle School of Medicine and Public Health Australia |
1/1/2009 - 1/12/2012 |
NHMRC Career Development Fellow NHMRC - Career Development Fellowships (Formerly Career Development Awards) |
University of Newcastle Australia |
1/1/2009 - 1/6/2010 | Senior Research Fellow | University of Newcastle School of Medicine and Public Health Australia |
1/7/2001 - 1/2/2004 | Research Fellow | University of Otago Injury Prevention Research Unit New Zealand |
1/6/2013 - | Senior Brawn Research Fellow | University of Newcastle School of Medicine and Public Health Australia |
1/1/2013 - 31/1/2019 |
NHMRC Senior Research Fellow (Level B) NHMRC - Research Fellowships Scheme |
University of Newcastle Australia |
1/7/2013 - 30/4/2019 | Professor | University of Newcastle School of Medicine and Public Health Australia |
Awards
Award
Year | Award |
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2017 |
Sax Institute Research Action Award Sax Insitute |
Research Award
Year | Award |
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2009 |
Dan Anderson Research Award Hazelden Foundation |
2009 |
Vice-Chancellor’s Award for Research Excellence University of Newcastle |
2006 |
IVO Award IVO Addiction Research Institute (Rotterdam) |
2006 |
Early Career Researcher Award Australasian Professional Society on Alcohol and Drugs |
Invitations
Keynote Speaker
Year | Title / Rationale |
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2013 |
Public health evidence for addressing risky drinking Organisation: Drug and Alcohol Services South Australia |
2012 |
Web-based interventions for unhealthy alcohol use Organisation: Annual Conference of the Australasian Professional Society on Alcohol & Drugs |
2011 |
Alcohol industry sponsorship and hazardous drinking among sportspeople Organisation: Sport and Alcohol Conference |
2011 |
Electronic forms of alcohol screening and brief intervention: What reviews tell us Organisation: INEBRIA Conference, Boston |
Speaker
Year | Title / Rationale |
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2013 |
Effects of trading hour restrictions on assault rates. NSW Alcohol Summit Organisation: NSW Alcohol Summit |
Publications
For publications that are currently unpublished or in-press, details are shown in italics.
Chapter (2 outputs)
Journal article (237 outputs)
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2020 |
Kypri K, Bowe SJ, Karlsson N, McCambridge J, 'Enrolment-latency in randomized behavior change trials: individual participant data meta-analysis showed association with attrition but not effect-size', Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 118 55-59 (2020) [C1] © 2019 Objectives: Nonresponse can bias prevalence estimates in population surveys. Effects of selective participation in behavior change intervention trials have been little stud... [more] © 2019 Objectives: Nonresponse can bias prevalence estimates in population surveys. Effects of selective participation in behavior change intervention trials have been little studied. We tested hypotheses that trial participants who are hard to recruit are (1) more likely to be lost-to-follow-up and (2) less responsive to intervention. Study Design and Setting: We undertook a two-stage individual participant data meta-analysis of four alcohol intervention trials involving 9,251 university students in Australia, New Zealand, and Sweden, comparing participants who enrolled ¿late¿ (after the final invitation to participate) vs. ¿early¿ (before that). Outcomes were whether participants completed assessments at each trial's primary endpoint (late/early) and number of drinks consumed per week (intervention/control) among late enrolees vs. early enrolees. Results: Late enrolees were more likely to be lost-to-follow-up than early enrolees (OR 2.3, 95% CI: 1.7, 2.9). Intervention effect estimates were smaller for late vs. early enrolees, but not significantly so (RR = 0.93; 95% CI: 0.79, 1.08). Conclusion: Greater effort to recruit trial participants was associated with higher attrition, but there was no clear evidence of bias in effect estimation. The possibility that intervention effect estimates do not generalize beyond a relatively compliant minority of trial participants may warrant further study.
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2020 |
Clare PJ, Dobbins T, Bruno R, Peacock A, Boland V, Yuen WS, et al., 'The overall effect of parental supply of alcohol across adolescence on alcohol-related harms in early adulthood a prospective cohort study', Addiction, 115 1833-1843 (2020) [C1] © 2020 Society for the Study of Addiction Background and Aims: Recent research suggests that parental supply of alcohol is associated with more risky drinking and alcohol-related ... [more] © 2020 Society for the Study of Addiction Background and Aims: Recent research suggests that parental supply of alcohol is associated with more risky drinking and alcohol-related harm among adolescents. However, the overall effect of parental supply throughout adolescence remains unclear, because parental supply of alcohol varies during adolescence. Due to the complexity of longitudinal data, standard analytical methods can be biased. This study examined the effect of parental supply of alcohol on alcohol-related outcomes in early adulthood using robust methods to minimize risk of bias. Design: Prospective longitudinal cohort study. Setting: Australia. Participants: A cohort of school students (n¿=¿1906) recruited in the first year of secondary school (average age 12.9¿years) from Australian schools in 2010¿11, interviewed annually for 7¿years. Measurements: The exposure variable was self-reported parental supply of alcohol (including sips/whole drinks) during 5¿years of adolescence (waves 1¿5). Outcome variables were self-reported binge drinking, alcohol-related harm and symptoms of alcohol use disorder, measured in the two waves after the exposure period (waves 6¿7). To reduce risk of bias, we used targeted maximum likelihood estimation to assess the (counterfactual) effect of parental supply of alcohol in all five waves versus no supply on alcohol-related outcomes. Findings: Parental supply of alcohol throughout adolescence saw greater risk of binge drinking [risk ratios (RR)¿=¿1.53; 95% confidence interval (CI)¿=¿1.27¿1.84] and alcohol-related harms (RR¿=¿1.44; 95% CI¿=¿1.22¿1.69) in the year following the exposure period compared with no supply in adolescence. Earlier initiation of parental supply also increased risk of binge drinking (RR¿=¿1.10; 95% CI¿=¿1.05¿1.14), and any alcohol-related harm (RR¿=¿1.09; 95% CI¿=¿1.05¿1.13) for each year earlier parental supply began compared with later (or no) initiation. Conclusions: Adolescents whose parents supply them with alcohol appear to have an increased risk of alcohol-related harm compared with adolescents whose parents do not supply them with alcohol. The risk appears to increase with earlier initiation of supply.
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2020 |
Kypri K, Maclennan B, Connor J, 'Alcohol Harms over a Period of Alcohol Policy Reform: Surveys of New Zealand College Residents in 2004 and 2014', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH, 17 (2020) [C1]
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2020 |
Tenzin T, Karki R, Duba T, Jamphel K, Dhendup S, Subba DK, et al., 'Prevalence of drink-driving in Thimphu, Bhutan: Targeted surveillance at sentinel sites', Drug and Alcohol Review, (2020) © 2020 Australasian Professional Society on Alcohol and other Drugs Introduction and Aims: Bhutan has a high incidence of alcohol-related disease. With economic development, motor... [more] © 2020 Australasian Professional Society on Alcohol and other Drugs Introduction and Aims: Bhutan has a high incidence of alcohol-related disease. With economic development, motorised transport is proliferating, increasing the potential for traffic injury. We investigated drink-driving in the country's largest urban environment. Methods: Working with police, we set up checkpoints at major thoroughfares in Thimphu, on Tuesday, Friday and Saturday nights, from May to July 2017. Police directed cars to testing bays where drivers were breathalysed and interviewed. Results: All 1596 drivers stopped by police were breathalysed, and 212 (13%) tested positive. Blood alcohol of >0.02 g/dL (which we defined as ¿probable impairment¿) was detected in 178 drivers (11%), while 67 (4.2%) exceeded the legal limit of 0.08 g/dL. Probable impairment was more common in men, older drivers, on Tuesdays (versus Fridays or Saturdays) and later at night. Conclusion: Drink-driving is very common at night-time in Bhutan. Routine roadside random breath-testing, and media campaigns emphasising the risk of apprehension and consequent serious financial and social penalties, should be considered to deter drink-driving.
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2020 |
Kypri K, Livingston M, 'Incidence of assault in Sydney, Australia, throughout 5 years of alcohol trading hour restrictions: controlled before-and-after study', Addiction, 115 2045-2054 (2020) [C1]
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2020 |
Boland VC, Clare PJ, Yuen WS, Peacock A, Aiken A, Wadolowski M, et al., 'The association between parental supply of alcohol and supply from other sources to young people: a prospective cohort', Addiction, 115 2140-2147 (2020) [C1]
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2020 |
Miller PG, Curtis A, Graham K, Kypri K, Hudson K, Chikritzhs T, 'Understanding risk-based licensing schemes for alcohol outlets: A key informant perspective', Drug and Alcohol Review, 39 267-277 (2020) [C1] © 2020 Australasian Professional Society on Alcohol and other Drugs Introduction and Aims: Risk-based alcohol licensing (RBL) has been introduced in several jurisdictions in Austr... [more] © 2020 Australasian Professional Society on Alcohol and other Drugs Introduction and Aims: Risk-based alcohol licensing (RBL) has been introduced in several jurisdictions in Australia, New Zealand and Canada with the intention of reducing harm in and around alcohol outlets. RBL involves tailoring licence fees or regulatory agency monitoring levels according to risk criteria such as trading hours, venue size and compliance history. The aim of this study was to document key informant perspectives including their perceptions of the purpose of RBL, how it works and its active ingredients. Design and Methods: We conducted semi-structured in-depth interviews with 28 key informants, including four government policy makers, four liquor licensing representatives, four local council members, eight police officers, six licensees, one academic and one community advocate from Victoria, Queensland, the Australian Capital Territory and Ontario, Canada. We analysed the transcripts using a thematic approach. Results: Informants varied in their opinions about whether RBL achieved its objective of reducing alcohol-related harm. They identified difficulties in enforcing the compliance history component of the scheme due to loopholes in legislation as a major shortfall, and the need to apply RBL to packaged liquor (off-licence) outlets. They also discussed the need to consider outlet density associated with the location of a venue when assessing venue risk. Discussion and Conclusions: RBL schemes vary by jurisdiction and emphasise different components. In general, informants surmised that RBL as implemented has probably had little or no preventive effect but suggested that it may be effective with greater monitoring and penalties large enough to deter bad practice.
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2020 |
Aiken A, Clare PJ, Boland VC, Degenhardt L, Yuen WS, Hutchinson D, et al., 'Parental supply of sips and whole drinks of alcohol to adolescents and associations with binge drinking and alcohol-related harms: A prospective cohort study', Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 215 1-10 (2020) [C1]
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2020 |
McCambridge J, Kypri K, Sheldon TA, Madden M, Babor TF, 'Advancing public health policy making through research on the political strategies of alcohol industry actors', JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH, 42 262-269 (2020) [C1]
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2020 |
Stafford J, Kypri K, Pettigrew S, 'Industry actor use of research evidence: critical analysis of australian alcohol policy submissions', Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 81 710-718 (2020) © 2020, Alcohol Research Documentation Inc.. All rights reserved. Objective: Governments¿ limited adoption of evidence-based policies to reduce alcohol-related harm has been partl... [more] © 2020, Alcohol Research Documentation Inc.. All rights reserved. Objective: Governments¿ limited adoption of evidence-based policies to reduce alcohol-related harm has been partly attributed to alcohol industry influence. A better understanding of industry political strategy may help protect public policy against vested interests. We examined how industry actors used scientific evidence in their submissions to government alcohol policy consultations. Method: We conducted a content analysis of 214 submissions from industry actors in 21 Australian public consultations between 2013 and 2017. Repre-sented industry actors included alcohol producers and retailers, trade associations, licensees, and associated entities that derive commercial benefit from alcohol (e.g., advertising companies). Adapting an existing framework, we classified industry practices into two categories: (a) misuse of evidence and (b) denial of the effectiveness of evidence-based strategies. Results: Almost all submissions (91%) denied the effectiveness of evidence-based strategies; the most common denial practices were making unsubstantiated claims about adverse effects of policies (76%) and promoting alternatives without evidence (71%). The misuse of scientific evidence was apparent in 66% of submissions. Trade asso-ciations, producers, and retailers were most likely to use such practices. Conclusions: The extent to which the examined industry actors misused scientific evidence in their submissions to a wide range of alcohol policy consultations in Australia suggests the need for governments to consider excluding the industry from consultation on the regulation of alcohol. (J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs, 81, 710¿718, 2020).
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2020 |
Dekker MR, Jongenelis MI, Hasking P, Kypri K, Chikritzhs T, Pettigrew S, 'Factors Associated with Engagement in Protective Behavioral Strategies among Adult Drinkers', Substance Use and Misuse, 55 878-885 (2020) [C1] © 2020, © 2020 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. Background: Protective behavioral strategies (PBSs) have been proposed as useful individual-level approaches to reducing alcohol ... [more] © 2020, © 2020 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. Background: Protective behavioral strategies (PBSs) have been proposed as useful individual-level approaches to reducing alcohol consumption and alcohol-related harm. However, recent research suggests that few of the recommended PBSs may be effective in reducing longer-term alcohol consumption, with some appearing to result in increased intake over time. Objectives: To identify factors associated with enactment of specific PBSs to inform alcohol control efforts that aim to encourage the use of effective strategies and attenuate the effects of strategies found to be associated with increased consumption. Methods: Australian adult drinkers (n = 2,003; 50% male) completed an online survey assessing their alcohol consumption, frequency of attending drinking venues, enactment of specific PBSs, and demographic characteristics. Results: Greater enactment of the PBS that has previously been found to be associated with reduced alcohol use (¿Count your drinks¿) was found among older respondents and those with lower levels of alcohol consumption. Older respondents were also more likely to enact two of the three PBSs that have been found to be associated with increased alcohol consumption (¿Use a designated driver¿ and ¿Leave drinking venues at a pre-determined time¿). Conclusions/Importance: Results suggest that enactment of specific PBSs may differ according to the individual-level variables of gender, age, and preferred beverage type, and the environmental-level variable of attendance at licensed premises. Randomized trials investigating the effectiveness of PBS interventions among drinker subgroups are needed to determine the extent to which enactment reduces alcohol consumption and alcohol-related harm and whether effects are moderated by the variables assessed in this study.
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2020 |
Kypri K, Harrison S, McCambridge J, 'Ethanol content in Australian and New Zealand beer markets: Exploratory study examining public health implications of official data and market intelligence report', Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 81 320-330 (2020) [C1] © 2020, Alcohol Research Documentation Inc.. All rights reserved. Objective: The Anglo-Celtic colonists of Australia and New Zealand brought with them heavy beer-drinking customs,... [more] © 2020, Alcohol Research Documentation Inc.. All rights reserved. Objective: The Anglo-Celtic colonists of Australia and New Zealand brought with them heavy beer-drinking customs, and each country later developed similar temperance movements and alcohol policies. Yet their beer markets differed throughout the 20th century; for example, Australian men typically drank lager with 5% alcohol-by-volume (ABV), whereas New Zealand men drank ale with 4%ABV. We investigated the public health implications of recent developments in product availability, marketing, and country-level consumption patterns. Method: We analyzed official data reporting beverage-and strength-specific volumes of ethanol available for sale in beer from 2000 to 2016, a period in which the countries had similar consumption trends; and did a thematic analysis of ¿market intelligence¿ reports. Results: Per capita ethanol beer sales fell in both countries, accompanied by increases in market share of higher %ABV categories. Different definitions of beer strength hampered comparison between countries. In Australia, consumption of ethanol in mid-strength beer (3.01%¿3.5%ABV) increased, whereas consumption of low-strength beer (<3%ABV) decreased. In New Zealand, consumption of high-strength beer (4.351%¿5%ABV) increased whereas that of traditional mid-strength beer (2.501%¿ 4.35%ABV) decreased substantially. Market reports cited consumer health concerns and demand for ¿craft beer¿ (typically high-strength) as competing influences in both markets, and reduced-alcohol beer as ¿the alcoholic drinks industry¿s¿potentially lucrative¿shield against accusations of irresponsibility.¿ Conclusions: Declines in both high-and low-strength beer in Australia have potentially important implications. In New Zealand, the failure of low-strength beer to establish significant market share, along with increased consumption of high-strength beer, are noteworthy developments. Trend data on product ethanol content warrants scrutiny in public health surveillance globally, whereas research is needed on the role of ethanol content within industry strategy.
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2020 |
Yuen WS, Chan G, Bruno R, Clare P, Mattick R, Aiken A, et al., 'Adolescent alcohol use trajectories: Risk factors and adult outcomes', Pediatrics, 146 (2020) [C1]
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2020 |
Nepal S, Kypri K, Tekelab T, Hodder RK, Attia J, Bagade T, et al., 'Effects of extensions and restrictions in alcohol trading hours on the incidence of assault and unintentional injury: Systematic review', Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 81 5-23 (2020) [C1]
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2020 |
Yuen WS, Chan G, Bruno R, Clare P, Mattick R, Aiken A, et al., 'Adolescent Alcohol Use Trajectories: Risk Factors and Adult Outcomes', Pediatrics, 146 (2020) [C1]
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2020 |
Connor J, Maclennan B, Huckle T, Romeo J, Davie G, Kypri K, 'Changes in the incidence of assault after restrictions on late-night alcohol sales in New Zealand: evaluation of a natural experiment using hospitalization and police data', Addiction, (2020) © 2020 Society for the Study of Addiction Aims: To estimate the effect of national restrictions on late-night availability of alcohol on alcohol-related assault at a population le... [more] © 2020 Society for the Study of Addiction Aims: To estimate the effect of national restrictions on late-night availability of alcohol on alcohol-related assault at a population level as indicated by (1) change in hospitalizations for weekend assaults and (2) change in the proportion of assaults documented by police that occur at night. Design: Evaluation of a natural experiment, involving: (1) pre¿post comparisons of age-specific incidence rates, adjusted for seasonality and background trend using Poisson regression; and (2) interrupted time¿series analyses, using seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) models of national data with no control site. Setting: New Zealand. Participants: (1) Inpatients discharged from NZ hospitals following assault during the weekend (Friday¿Sunday) from 2004 to 2016 (n¿=¿14 996) and (2) cases of assault recorded by NZ Police from 2012 to 2018. Intervention: introduction of national maximum trading hours for all on-licence (8¿a.m.¿4¿a.m.) and off-licence premises (7¿a.m.¿11¿p.m.), abolishing existing 24-hour licences, on 18 December 2013. Measurements: (1) Age-specific incidence of hospitalization for assault on Friday, Saturday or Sunday from the national hospital discharge data set, excluding short-stay emergency department admissions and (2) proportion of weekly police-documented assaults occurring between 9¿p.m. and 5.59¿a.m., from NZ Police Demand and Activity data set. Findings: Following the restrictions, weekend hospitalized assaults declined by 11% [incidence rate ratio (IRR)¿=¿0.89; 95% confidence interval (CI)¿=¿0.84, 0.94], with the greatest reduction among 15¿29-year-olds (IRR¿=¿0.82; 95% CI¿=¿0.76, 0.89). There was an absolute reduction (step change) of 1.8% (95% CI¿=¿0.2, 3.5%) in the proportion of police-documented assaults occurring at night, equivalent to 9.70 (95% CI¿=¿0.10, 19.30) fewer night-time assaults per week, out of 207.4. Conclusions: The 2013 implementation of national maximum trading hours for alcohol in NZ was followed by reductions in two complementary indicators of alcohol-related assault, consistent with beneficial effects of modest nation-wide restrictions on the late-night availability of alcohol.
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2019 |
Curtis A, Bowe SJ, Coomber K, Graham K, Chikritzhs T, Kypri K, Miller PG, 'Risk-based licensing of alcohol venues and emergency department injury presentations in two Australian states', International Journal of Drug Policy, 70 99-106 (2019) [C1] © 2019 Background: Risk-based licensing (RBL) is among the more recent policy interventions to reduce alcohol-related harm in and around licensed venues. RBL sets licence fees to ... [more] © 2019 Background: Risk-based licensing (RBL) is among the more recent policy interventions to reduce alcohol-related harm in and around licensed venues. RBL sets licence fees to reflect the venue's propensity to cause harm as a means of encouraging operators to improve their practices. We assessed whether the introduction of RBL in the Australian states of Queensland and Victoria was associated with a reduction in the incidence of emergency department (ED) injury presentations. Methods: We employed an interrupted time series design using Prais-Winsten and Cochrane-Orcutt regression modelling to estimate step and slope parameters in injury incidence rates in each state. We defined the population as residents of the state, aged 15¿54 years, the age group we considered most likely to be exposed to the night-time economy. To reduce noise, we confined cases to presentations during times previously identified as correlated with a high probability of alcohol involvement, namely ¿high alcohol hours¿ (HAH). We adjusted our models for the alcopops tax, implemented shortly before RBL, and for assaults during low alcohol hours (LAH) as a proxy for other risk factors for assault. Results: RBL was not associated with an overall reduction in the incidence of ED injury presentations during HAH in Queensland (ß = 0.003; 95% CI: -0.010, 0.003, p = 0.318) or Victoria (ß=-0.010; 95% CI: -0.021, 0.001, p = 0.087). Post-hoc subgroup analyses showed a reduction in ED injury presentations among men aged 20¿39 years in Victoria (ß=-0.026; 95% CI:-0.012, -0.040, p-0.0003) but this was not replicated in Queensland. Conclusion: There was little evidence that RBL affected the incidence of ED presentations for injury. This may be due to weak financial penalties being applied to venues assessed as high-risk.
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2019 |
Nepal S, Kypri K, Attia J, Evans T-J, Chikritzhs T, Miller P, 'Effects of a Risk-Based Licensing Scheme on the Incidence of Alcohol-Related Assault in Queensland, Australia: A Quasi-Experimental Evaluation', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH, 16 (2019) [C1]
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2019 |
Clare PJ, Aiken A, Yuen WS, Peacock A, Boland V, Wadolowski M, et al., 'Parental supply of alcohol as a predictor of adolescent alcohol consumption patterns: A prospective cohort', Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 204 (2019) [C1]
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2019 |
Sharmin S, Kypri K, Wadolowski M, Bruno R, Khanam M, Aiken A, et al., 'Parent hazardous drinking and their children's alcohol use in early and mid-adolescence: Prospective cohort study', European Journal of Public Health, 29 736-740 (2019) [C1] © 2019 The Author(s). Background: Why adolescents' drinking is associated with their parents' drinking remains unclear. We examined associations in a prospective cohort ... [more] © 2019 The Author(s). Background: Why adolescents' drinking is associated with their parents' drinking remains unclear. We examined associations in a prospective cohort study, adjusting for socio-demographic characteristics and family factors. Methods: We recruited 1927 children from grade 7 classes (mean age 13 years), and one of their parents, in three Australian states, contacted participants annually from 2010 to 2014, and analysed data from assessments at ages 13, 14, 15 and 16 years. We used the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption (AUDIT-C) subscale to identify hazardous drinking in parents (score =5) and children (score =3) and constructed mixed-effect logistic regression models, accounting for clustering within school and adjusting for likely confounders. We evaluated the sensitivity of estimates by imputing missing values assuming the data were missing at random vs. missing not at random. Results: Parent hazardous drinking predicted mid-adolescent hazardous drinking, e.g. 15 years olds whose parents [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.00; 95% confidence interval 1.51-2.64] or parents' partners (aOR 1.94; 1.48-2.55) were hazardous drinkers had higher odds of being hazardous drinkers at age 16. The magnitude of univariate associations changed little after adjusting for covariates, and sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the association, across a wide range of assumptions about the missing data. Conclusions: The associations between parents' and their adolescent children's hazardous drinking are unlikely to be due to confounding by socio-demographic and family factors. Parents should be encouraged, and supported by public policy, to reduce their own alcohol consumption in order to reduce their children's risk of becoming hazardous drinkers.
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2019 |
Kypri K, Maclennan B, Brausch S, Wyeth E, Connor J, 'Did New Zealand s new alcohol legislation achieve its object of facilitating public input? Qualitative study of Maori communities', Drug and Alcohol Review, 38 331-338 (2019) [C1]
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2019 |
McCambridge J, Wilson A, Attia J, Weaver N, Kypri K, 'Randomized trial seeking to induce the Hawthorne effect found no evidence for any effect on self-reported alcohol consumption online', Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 108 102-109 (2019) [C1] © 2018 Elsevier Inc. Objective: We tested the hypothesis that participants who know the behavioral focus of a study and are thus aware that a particular behavior is being studied ... [more] © 2018 Elsevier Inc. Objective: We tested the hypothesis that participants who know the behavioral focus of a study and are thus aware that a particular behavior is being studied will modify that behavior, independently of any possible effect of assessment, thereby dismantling a Hawthorne effect into two putative components. Study Design and Setting: We undertook a three-arm individually randomized trial online among students: group A (control) were told they were completing a lifestyle survey; group B were told the focus of the survey was alcohol consumption; and group C additionally answered 20 questions on their alcohol use and its consequences before answering the same lifestyle questions as Groups A and B. Nondrinkers were excluded, and all groups were aware they would be followed up after 1 month. Results: Outcome data were obtained for 4,583 of 5,478 trial participants (84% follow-up rate). There were no differences between the three groups on primary (overall volume consumed) or secondary outcome measures (drinking frequency and amount per typical occasion) in the intervening 4 weeks. Conclusions: There is no evidence that any form of Hawthorne effect exists in relation to self-reported alcohol consumption online among university students in usual research practice. Attention to study contexts is warranted for investigating research participation effects.
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2019 |
Maclennan B, Kypri K, Connor J, 'Do New Zealand communities have greater input to local alcohol policy? Population surveys before and after new legislation', International Journal of Drug Policy, 74 112-115 (2019) [C1] © 2019 Elsevier B.V. Background: New Zealand's alcohol law reforms aimed to give communities greater control over alcohol availability. We investigated whether community part... [more] © 2019 Elsevier B.V. Background: New Zealand's alcohol law reforms aimed to give communities greater control over alcohol availability. We investigated whether community participation in local liquor licensing increased and why people did not participate. Methods: We invited 4000 randomly selected residents to complete a questionnaire in 2014 about their views on alcohol in their community, participation in local alcohol decision-making, alcohol consumption, and experience of alcohol-related harm. In 2017, we surveyed a new sample of 4000 residents, and invited the 2014 respondents to complete a follow-up questionnaire. Results: Response fractions were 44% in 2014 (n = 1657) and 37% in 2017 (n = 1376) for population surveys, and 61% (n = 887) for follow-up. Cross-sectional comparisons showed no marked change in proportions reporting ever having participated in alcohol policy development (4.9% in 2014 versus 5.1% in 2017), or who objected to a licence application in the preceding year (1.0% versus 1.4%). Longitudinal comparisons also suggested little change. The most common reasons 2017 respondents gave for not participating were not knowing where to start (39%), lack of time (36%), and needing more information (32%), and this order was similar in 2014. Conclusion: Public participation in local liquor licencing is low and it has not increased substantially under the new legislation.
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2019 |
Nepal S, Kypri K, Attia J, Chikritzhs T, Miller PG, 'Indicators for estimating trends in alcohol-related assault: Evaluation using police data from Queensland, Australia', Injury Prevention, 25 444-447 (2019) [C1] © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2019. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. Monitoring levels of alcohol-related harm in populations requires indi... [more] © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2019. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. Monitoring levels of alcohol-related harm in populations requires indicators that are robust to extraneous influence. We investigated the validity of an indicator for police-attributed alcohol-related assault. We summarized offence records from Queensland Police, investigated patterns of missing data, and considered the utility of a surrogate for alcohol-related assault. Of 242 107 assaults from 2004-2014, in 35% of cases the drug used by the offender was recorded as a ¿ unknown'. Under various assumptions about non-random missingness the proportion of assaults judged to be alcohol-related varied from 30%-65%. We found a sharp increase in missing data from 2007 suggesting the downward trend from that point is artefactual. Conversely, we found a stable and increasing trend using a time-based surrogate. The volume of missing data and other limitations preclude valid estimation of trends using the police indicator, and demonstrate how misleading results can be produced. Our analysis supports the use of an empirically-based surrogate indicator.
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2019 |
Kypri K, McCambridge J, Robertson N, Martino F, Daube M, Adams P, Miller P, ' If someone donates $1000, they support you. If they donate $100 000, they have bought you . Mixed methods study of tobacco, alcohol and gambling industry donations to Australian political parties', Drug and Alcohol Review, 38 226-233 (2019) [C1] © 2018 Australasian Professional Society on Alcohol and other Drugs Background and Aims: Business corporations¿ use of political donations to garner political influence is especia... [more] © 2018 Australasian Professional Society on Alcohol and other Drugs Background and Aims: Business corporations¿ use of political donations to garner political influence is especially troubling in relation to products that damage human health. We sought to investigate patterns of donations to Australian political parties from tobacco, alcohol and gambling industry actors and the experiences of key informants. Design and Methods: We analysed public data on federal and state donations for 10 years to June 2015. We conducted 28 semi-structured interviews with current and former politicians, ex-political staffers and other key informants, concerning the role played by political donations of tobacco, alcohol and gambling companies in Australian politics. We examined temporal associations in donations data, and thematically analysed interviews. Results: Australian political parties declared donations of A$14 million (US$11 M) from tobacco ($1.9 M), alcohol ($7.7 M), gambling ($2.9 M) and supermarket ($1.7 M) entities, excluding donations below the $12 800 reporting threshold. Donations to the governing party increased substantially during debates about an alcohol tax and gambling law reform. Alcohol industry donations to major parties spiked ahead of elections. Interviewees identified the function of donations in terms of: (i) buying immediate influence; (ii) building long-term relationships; (iii) exploiting a flawed political system; and (iv) the need to look beyond donations, for example, to favour exchange; and the public's right to know about corporate influence on policy-makers. Discussion and Conclusions: The alcohol and gambling industries make substantial donations to influence particular decisions in the short term and build relationships over the long term. Banning corporate donations and publicly funding political parties warrant consideration to safeguard the integrity of public policy-making.
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2018 |
Mattick RP, Clare PJ, Aiken A, Wadolowski M, Hutchinson D, Najman J, et al., 'Association of parental supply of alcohol with adolescent drinking, alcohol-related harms, and alcohol use disorder symptoms: a prospective cohort study', The Lancet Public Health, 3 e64-e71 (2018) [C1] © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license Background: Some parents supply alcohol to their children, reported... [more] © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license Background: Some parents supply alcohol to their children, reportedly to reduce harm, yet longitudinal research on risks associated with such supply is compromised by short periods of observation and potential confounding. We aimed to investigate associations between parental supply and supply from other (non-parental) sources, with subsequent drinking outcomes over a 6-year period of adolescence, adjusting for child, parent, family, and peer variables. Methods: We did this prospective cohort study using data from the Australian Parental Supply of Alcohol Longitudinal Study cohort of adolescents. Children in grade 7 (mean age 12 years), and their parents, were recruited between 2010 and 2011 from secondary schools in Sydney, Perth, and Hobart, Australia, and were surveyed annually between 2010 and 2016. We examined the association of exposure to parental supply and other sources of alcohol in 1 year with five outcomes in the subsequent year: binge drinking (more than four standard drinks on a drinking occasion); alcohol-related harms; and symptoms of alcohol abuse (as defined by Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition [DSM-IV]), alcohol dependence, and alcohol use disorder (as defined by DSM-5). This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02280551. Findings: Between September, 2010, and June, 2011, we recruited 1927 eligible parents and adolescents (mean age 12·9 years [SD 0·52]). Participants were followed up until 2016, during which time binge drinking and experience of alcohol-related harms increased. Adolescents who were supplied alcohol only by parents had higher odds of subsequent binge consumption (odds ratio [OR] 2·58, 95% CI 1·96¿3·41; p<0·0001), alcohol-related harm (2·53, 1·99¿3·24; p<0·0001), and symptoms of alcohol use disorder (2·51, 1·46¿4·29; p=0·0008) than did those reporting no supply. Parental supply of alcohol was not significantly associated with the odds of reporting symptoms of either alcohol abuse or dependence, compared with no supply from any source. Supply from other sources was associated with significant risks of all adverse outcomes, compared with no supply, with an even greater increased risk of adverse outcomes. Interpretation: Providing alcohol to children is associated with alcohol-related harms. There is no evidence to support the view that parental supply protects from adverse drinking outcomes by providing alcohol to their child. Parents should be advised that this practice is associated with risk, both directly and indirectly through increased access to alcohol from other sources. Funding: Australian Research Council, Australian Rotary Health, Foundation for Alcohol Research and Education, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre.
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2018 |
Johnson NA, Kypri K, Latter J, Dunlop A, Brown A, Saitz R, et al., 'Effect of electronic brief intervention on uptake of specialty treatment in hospital outpatients with likely alcohol dependence: Pilot randomized trial and qualitative interviews.', Drug and alcohol dependence, 183 253-260 (2018) [C1]
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2018 |
Hossain MS, Kypri K, Rahman B, Milton AH, 'Smokeless tobacco consumption and stillbirth: Population-based case control study in rural Bangladesh', Drug and Alcohol Review, 37 414-420 (2018) [C1] © 2017 Australasian Professional Society on Alcohol and other Drugs Introduction and Aims. To investigate the association between smokeless tobacco consumption (STC) during pregna... [more] © 2017 Australasian Professional Society on Alcohol and other Drugs Introduction and Aims. To investigate the association between smokeless tobacco consumption (STC) during pregnancy and risk of stillbirth. Design and Methods. We conducted a population-based case¿control study of 253 cases and 759 randomly selected control women in Madaripur, Bangladesh. We conducted a survey of two rural local government areas, including 8082 women, and identified cases based on self-report of a stillbirth outcome of each participant's first pregnancy. All were asked about STC during their first pregnancy and a range of risk markers and known confounders. Demographic and maternal variables associated either with stillbirth or STC were included in logistic regression models. Results. Of the 241 cases and 757 controls with complete exposure data, 32 cases (13.2%) and 18 controls (2.4%) reported STC during pregnancy [odds ratio 6.28; 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.45, 11.4]. After adjustment for education, household income, age at first pregnancy, vaccination during pregnancy, complications, exposure to arsenic in drinking water, place of delivery and antenatal care, excess risk was attenuated but remained significant [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.87; 95% CI 1.36, 6.08]. There was a dose¿effect association, with women who used smokeless tobacco >5 times daily during their first pregnancy at greater risk of having a stillbirth (aOR 5.89; 95% CI 1.70, 20.3) than less frequent users (aOR 1.67; 95% CI 0.65, 4.29). Estimates were robust to extreme assumptions about missing exposure data. Discussion and Conclusions. STC during pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of stillbirth. This finding adds to the urgency of need for smokeless tobacco control strategies to be implemented in South Asia. [Hossain MS, Kypri K, Rahman B,Milton AH. Smokeless tobacco consumption and stillbirth: Population-based case¿control study in rural Bangladesh.
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2018 |
Ries NM, Kypri K, 'Government-funded Health Research Contracts in Australia: A Critical Assessment of Transparency', SYDNEY LAW REVIEW, 40 367-394 (2018) [C1]
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2018 |
Kypri K, Connor J, 'A Taxonomy of Alcohol Harm Countermeasures', Current Addiction Reports, 5 297-302 (2018) © 2018, Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature. Purpose of Review: The addictions field lacks a coherent framework for strategies to reduce harm arising fro... [more] © 2018, Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature. Purpose of Review: The addictions field lacks a coherent framework for strategies to reduce harm arising from the consumption of alcohol. We need to be able to clarify the mechanisms by which key strategies operate, and encompass aetiological factors that do not involve drinking. Recent Findings: We outline population and high-risk individual strategies focused on supply- and demand-side factors and propose a system laid out in two tables, for classifying consumption-focused and non-consumption-focused countermeasures. Summary: Some countermeasures belong in more than one cell, reflecting more than one underlying mechanism. The taxonomy will aid the synthesis of a vast scientific literature and guide new countermeasure development, evaluation, and policy.
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2018 |
Nepal S, Kypri K, Pursey K, Attia J, Chikritzhs T, Miller P, 'Effectiveness of lockouts in reducing alcohol-related harm: Systematic review.', Drug and alcohol review, 37 527-536 (2018) [C1]
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2018 |
Sharmin S, Kypri K, Wadolowski M, Bruno R, Khanam M, Aiken A, et al., 'Parent characteristics associated with approval of their children drinking alcohol from ages 13 to 16 years: Prospective cohort study', Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 42 347-353 (2018) [C1]
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2018 |
Dekker MR, Jongenelis MI, Wakefield M, Kypri K, Hasking P, Pettigrew S, 'A longitudinal examination of protective behavioral strategies and alcohol consumption among adult drinkers', Addictive Behaviors, 87 1-7 (2018) [C1] © 2018 Elsevier Ltd Previous studies suggest that employing specific behavioral strategies when drinking can prevent excessive alcohol consumption and related harms. However, thes... [more] © 2018 Elsevier Ltd Previous studies suggest that employing specific behavioral strategies when drinking can prevent excessive alcohol consumption and related harms. However, these studies have typically examined these ¿protective behavioral strategies¿ (PBSs) in combination, limiting understanding of whether individual strategies differ in their effectiveness. Further, most existing research is cross-sectional in design, precluding the determination of causal relationships between PBS use and alcohol consumption. To address these research gaps, the present study sought to longitudinally (i) identify which individual PBSs are significantly related to reduced alcohol consumption over time and (ii) explore the effectiveness of individual PBSs among specific population groups. The sample comprised 1328 Australian adult drinkers (47% male) who completed an online survey assessing engagement in PBSs and alcohol consumption at two time points approximately four weeks apart. Reported enactment of the PBS ¿Count your drinks¿ was associated with a significant reduction in alcohol consumption between T1 and T2. In contrast, enactment of the PBSs ¿Ask a friend to let you know when you have had enough to drink¿, ¿Put extra ice in your drink¿, ¿Use a designated driver¿, and ¿Leave drinking venues at a pre-determined time¿ was associated with an increase in alcohol consumption. The results thus suggest that many PBSs may not be effective in reducing alcohol consumption and that some may be associated with higher levels of intake. The results have implications for the development of harm-minimization campaigns designed to encourage drinkers to reduce their alcohol consumption.
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2018 |
Aiken A, Clare PJ, Wadolowski M, Hutchinson D, Najman JM, Slade T, et al., 'Age of Alcohol Initiation and Progression to Binge Drinking in Adolescence: A Prospective Cohort Study', Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 42 100-110 (2018) [C1] Copyright © 2017 by the Research Society on Alcoholism Background: Early alcohol initiation is common and has been associated with the development of alcohol problems. Yet, past r... [more] Copyright © 2017 by the Research Society on Alcoholism Background: Early alcohol initiation is common and has been associated with the development of alcohol problems. Yet, past research on the association of age of initiation with later problem drinking has produced inconsistent findings. Using prospective data from the Australian Parental Supply of Alcohol Longitudinal Study cohort, this study examined age of alcohol initiation, and of first drunkenness, and associations with subsequent drinking in adolescence. Methods: A total of 1,673 parent¿child dyads recruited through Australian secondary schools completed annual surveys for 5¿years (grades 7 to 11). Limiting the sample to those adolescents who had initiated alcohol use by age 17 (n¿=¿839), multinomial logistic regression models were used to examine associations between (i) age of initiation to alcohol use (consuming at least 1 full serve) and (ii) age of first drunkenness, and 2 outcomes: (i) binge drinking (consuming >4 standard drinks on a single occasion), and (ii) the total number of alcoholic drinks consumed in the past year, adjusted for a range of potential child, parent, family, and peer covariates. Results: Fifty percent of adolescents reported alcohol use and 36% reported bingeing at wave 5 (mean age 16.9 years), and the mean age of initiation to alcohol use for drinkers was 15.1 years. Age of initiation was significantly associated with binge drinking and total quantity of alcohol consumed in unadjusted and adjusted models. Age of first drunkenness was associated with total quantity of alcohol consumed in unadjusted models but not adjusted models and was not associated with subsequent bingeing. Conclusions: Initiating alcohol use earlier in adolescence is associated with an increased risk of binge drinking and higher quantity of consumption in late secondary school, supporting an argument for delaying alcohol initiation for as long as possible to reduce the risk for problematic use in later adolescence and the alcohol-related harms that may accompany this use.
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2018 |
Kypri K, Maclennan B, Cousins K, Connor J, 'Hazardous drinking among students over a decade of university policy change: Controlled before-and-after evaluation', International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15 (2018) [C1]
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2018 |
Coomber K, Zahnow R, Ferris J, Droste N, Mayshak R, Curtis A, et al., 'Short-term changes in nightlife attendance and patron intoxication following alcohol restrictions in Queensland, Australia', BMC PUBLIC HEALTH, 18 (2018) [C1]
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2018 |
Johnson NA, Kypri K, Saunders JB, Saitz R, Attia J, Latter J, et al., 'Effect of electronic screening and brief intervention on hazardous or harmful drinking among adults in the hospital outpatient setting: A randomized, double-blind, controlled trial', Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 191 78-85 (2018) [C1] © 2018 Elsevier B.V. Background: Most trials of electronic alcohol screening and brief intervention (e-SBI) have been conducted in young people. The aim of this study was to evalu... [more] © 2018 Elsevier B.V. Background: Most trials of electronic alcohol screening and brief intervention (e-SBI) have been conducted in young people. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of e-SBI in adults with hazardous or harmful drinking. Methods: This individually randomized, parallel, two-group, double-blind controlled trial was conducted in the outpatient department of a large public hospital in Australia. Consenting adults who scored 5¿9 on the AUDIT-C (837/3225; 26%) were randomized in a 1:1 ratio by computer to screening alone (442/837; 53%) or to 10 min of assessment and personalized feedback on their alcohol consumption (comparisons with medical guidelines and age and sex-specific norms), peak blood alcohol concentration, expenditure on alcohol, and risk of alcohol dependence (395/837; 47%). The two primary outcomes, assessed six months after randomization, were the number of standard drinks (10 g ethanol) consumed by participants in the last seven days and their AUDIT score. Results: 693/837 (83%) and 635/837 (76%) participants were followed-up at 6 and 12 months, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in the median number of standard drinks consumed in the last seven days (intervention: 12; control: 10.5; rate ratio, 1.12 [95% confidence interval, 0.96¿1.31]; P =.17) or in their median AUDIT score (intervention: 7; control: 7; mean difference, 0.28 [-0.42 to 0.98]; P =.44). Conclusion: These results do not support the implementation of an e-SBI program comprising personalized feedback and normative feedback for adults with hazardous or harmful drinking in the hospital outpatient setting.
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2018 |
Robertson N, Kypri K, Stafford J, Daube M, Avery M, Miller P, 'Australian lobbyist registers are not serving the purposes they were designed for', Drug and Alcohol Review, 37 S218-S222 (2018) [C1] © 2017 Australasian Professional Society on Alcohol and other Drugs Introduction and Aims. There is widespread concern about the nature, extent and impacts of lobbying by industri... [more] © 2017 Australasian Professional Society on Alcohol and other Drugs Introduction and Aims. There is widespread concern about the nature, extent and impacts of lobbying by industries selling unhealthy commodities, which threatens public health and undermines important democratic processes. In the last decade, all Australian jurisdictions (except the Northern Territory) have established lobbyist registers with the stated objective of increasing the capacity of government and the public to scrutinise lobbying. Our aim was to assess whether the registers are fulfilling this objective. Design and Methods. We conducted web searches of registers in Australian jurisdictions in 2014 and 2015 to determine what type of information they collected and whether data were accessible. We supplemented searches with e-mails and phone calls to registrars to clarify policies and seek additional information. Results. We found that the data were lacking in critical details and historical information was difficult or impossible to obtain. None of the registers required in-house lobbyists to register or to be bound by the Lobbying Codes of Conduct. None required that informal lobbying (e.g. by government relations staff within a company) be recorded, and none provided detailed information about the nature and extent of lobbying activities. Discussion and Conclusions. The registers do not meet the stated objective of making lobbying activity transparent to the Australian public. Timely access to comprehensive information is essential to help promote the rational development of policy concerning tobacco, alcohol and gambling problems. There is an urgent need to reform lobbyist registers to ensure that they are comprehensive and transparent.
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2017 |
Sharmin S, Kypri K, Khanam M, Wadolowski M, Bruno R, Attia J, et al., 'Effects of parental alcohol rules on risky drinking and related problems in adolescence: Systematic review and meta-analysis', DRUG AND ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE, 178 243-256 (2017) [C1]
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2017 |
Jones SC, Hall S, Kypri K, 'Should I drink responsibly, safely or properly? Confusing messages about reducing alcohol-related harm', PLoS ONE, 12 1-14 (2017) [C1]
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2017 |
Aiken A, Wadolowski M, Bruno R, Najman J, Kypri K, Slade T, et al., 'Cohort Profile: The Australian Parental Supply of Alcohol Longitudinal Study (APSALS)', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY, 46 (2017) [C1]
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2017 |
Menéndez P, Kypri K, Weatherburn D, 'The effect of liquor licensing restrictions on assault: a quasi-experimental study in Sydney, Australia', Addiction, 112 261-268 (2017) [C1]
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2017 |
Martino FP, Miller PG, Coomber K, Hancock L, Kypri K, 'Analysis of Alcohol Industry Submissions against Marketing Regulation', PLOS ONE, 12 (2017) [C1]
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2017 |
Dorji G, Pradhan S, Tenzin T, Miller P, Connor J, Kypri K, 'Blood alcohol and injury in Bhutan: Targeted surveillance in a national referral hospital emergency department', Injury Prevention, 23 64-66 (2017) [C1] © 2017, BMJ Publishing Group. All rights reserved. Bhutan is a low-middle-income country with poor roads, rapidly increasing motor vehicle use and heavy alcohol consumption. We es... [more] © 2017, BMJ Publishing Group. All rights reserved. Bhutan is a low-middle-income country with poor roads, rapidly increasing motor vehicle use and heavy alcohol consumption. We estimated the proportion of emergency department patients presenting with injury who had positive blood alcohol. We sought to breathalyse and interview all adult patients (=18 years) presenting with injury at the Jigme Dorji Wangchuck National Referral Hospital in the capital city Thimphu, from April to October 2015. Breath tests and interviews were conducted with 339 (91%) of 374 eligible adult patients. A third (34%) were alcohol-positive and 22% had blood alcohol concentrations >0.08 g/dL. The highest alcohol-positive fractions were for assault (71%), falls (31%) and traffic crashes (30%). Over a third (36%) of patients had a delay of >2 h between injury and breath test. The results underestimate blood alcohol concentrations at the time of injury so the true prevalence of pre-injury alcohol impairment is greater than our estimates suggest. Countermeasures are urgently needed, particularly roadside random breath testing and alcohol controls.
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2017 |
Wilson A, Smith D, Peel R, Robertson J, Kypri K, 'A quantitative analysis of the quality and content of the health advice in popular Australian magazines', Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 41 256-258 (2017) [C1] © 2016 Public Health Association of Australia Objective: To examine how health advice is provided in popular magazines and the quality of that advice. Methods: A prospective quant... [more] © 2016 Public Health Association of Australia Objective: To examine how health advice is provided in popular magazines and the quality of that advice. Methods: A prospective quantitative analysis of the quality of health advice provided in Australian magazines between July and December 2011 was conducted. A rating instrument was adapted from the Media Doctor Australia rating tool used to assess quality of health news reporting. Criteria included: recommends seeing a doctor; advice based on reliable evidence; advice clear and easily applied; benefits presented meaningfully; potential harms mentioned; evidence of disease mongering; availability and cost of treatments; obvious advertising; vested interest, and anecdotal evidence. Results: 163 health advice articles were rated showing a wide variation in the quality of advice presented between magazines. Magazines with ¿health¿ in the title, rated most poorly with only 36% (26/73) of these articles presenting clear and meaningful advice and 52% (38/73) giving advice based on reliable evidence. Conclusions: Australian magazines, especially those with health in the title, generally presented poor quality, unreliable health advice. Teen magazine Dolly provided the highest quality advice. Implications: Consumers need to be aware of this when making health choices.
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2017 |
Kypri K, Davie G, McElduff P, Langley J, Connor J, 'Long-term effects of lowering the alcohol minimum purchasing age on traffic crash injury rates in New Zealand', Drug and Alcohol Review, 36 178-185 (2017) [C1] © 2016 Australasian Professional Society on Alcohol and other Drugs Introduction and Aims: In December 1999, New Zealand lowered the alcohol minimum purchasing age from 20 to 18 y... [more] © 2016 Australasian Professional Society on Alcohol and other Drugs Introduction and Aims: In December 1999, New Zealand lowered the alcohol minimum purchasing age from 20 to 18 years. We tested hypotheses that this change was associated with long-term increases in traffic injury attributable to alcohol-impaired driving among 18- to 19-year-olds (target age group) and 15- to 17-year-olds (affected by ¿trickle-down¿). Design and Methods: We undertook a controlled before-and-after comparison of rates of fatal and non-fatal traffic injury to persons of any age attributable to impaired drivers aged 18¿19 years and 15¿17 years, versus 20- to 21-year-olds. Crash data including assessment of driver alcohol impairment were recorded by New Zealand Police. The pre-change period was 1996¿1999. Post-change periods were 2000¿2003, 2004¿2007 and 2008¿2010. Outcomes were population-based and vehicle travel-based rates. Results: Compared with the change in injury rates attributable to alcohol-impaired 20- to 21-year-old male drivers, injuries attributable to 18- to 19-year-old male drivers increased in all post-change periods and significantly so in the second post-change period (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 1.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1 to 1.5). For 15- to 17-year-old male drivers, rates increased in all post-change periods compared with 20- to 21-year-olds, and more so in the second (IRR 1.2, 95% CI 1.1 to 1.4) and third (IRR 1.2, 95% CI 1.1 to 1.4) periods. There was a short-term relative increase in harm attributable to 18- to 19-year-old female drivers (IRR 1.5; 1.1 to 2.0). Results were similar for vehicle travel-based rates. Discussion and Conclusions: Reducing the alcohol minimum purchasing age was followed by long-term increases in the incidence of traffic injury attributable to male 15- to 19-year-old alcohol-impaired drivers. [Kypri K, Davie G, McElduff P, Langley J, Connor J. Long-term effects of lowering the alcohol minimum purchasing age on traffic crash injury rates in New Zealand. Drug Alcohol Rev 2017;36:178¿185].
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2017 |
Mattick RP, Wadolowski M, Aiken A, Clare PJ, Hutchinson D, Najman J, et al., 'Parental supply of alcohol and alcohol consumption in adolescence: Prospective cohort study', Psychological Medicine, 47 267-278 (2017) [C1] © Cambridge University Press 2016. Background Parents are a major supplier of alcohol to adolescents, yet there is limited research examining the impact of this on adolescent alco... [more] © Cambridge University Press 2016. Background Parents are a major supplier of alcohol to adolescents, yet there is limited research examining the impact of this on adolescent alcohol use. This study investigates associations between parental supply of alcohol, supply from other sources, and adolescent drinking, adjusting for child, parent, family and peer variables. Method A cohort of 1927 adolescents was surveyed annually from 2010 to 2014. Measures include: Consumption of whole drinks; binge drinking (>4 standard drinks on any occasion); parental supply of alcohol; supply from other sources; child, parent, family and peer covariates. Results After adjustment, adolescents supplied alcohol by parents had higher odds of drinking whole beverages [odds ratio (OR) 1.80, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.33-2.45] than those not supplied by parents. However, parental supply was not associated with bingeing, and those supplied alcohol by parents typically consumed fewer drinks per occasion (incidence rate ratio 0.86, 95% CI 0.77-0.96) than adolescents supplied only from other sources. Adolescents obtaining alcohol from non-parental sources had increased odds of drinking whole beverages (OR 2.53, 95% CI 1.86-3.45) and bingeing (OR 3.51, 95% CI 2.53-4.87). Conclusions Parental supply of alcohol to adolescents was associated with increased risk of drinking, but not bingeing. These parentally-supplied children also consumed fewer drinks on a typical drinking occasion. Adolescents supplied alcohol from non-parental sources had greater odds of drinking and bingeing. Further follow-up is necessary to determine whether these patterns continue, and to examine alcohol-related harm trajectories. Parents should be advised that supply of alcohol may increase children's drinking.
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2017 |
Miller P, Martino F, Gross S, Curtis A, Mayshak R, Droste N, Kypri K, 'Funder interference in addiction research: An international survey of authors', Addictive Behaviors, 72 100-105 (2017) [C1] © 2017 Objective Scientific research is essential to the development of effective addiction treatment and drug policy. Actions that compromise the integrity of addiction science n... [more] © 2017 Objective Scientific research is essential to the development of effective addiction treatment and drug policy. Actions that compromise the integrity of addiction science need to be understood. The aim of this study is to investigate funder (e.g. industry, government or charity) interference in addiction science internationally. Method Corresponding authors of all 941 papers published in an international specialist journal July 2004 to June 2009 were invited to complete a web questionnaire. A sensitivity analysis with extreme assumptions about non-respondents was undertaken. Results The questionnaire was completed by 322 authors (response fraction 34%), 36% (n = 117) of whom had encountered at least one episode (median = 3, Interquartile range = 4) of funder interference in their research: 56% in Australasia, 33% in Europe, and 30% in North America. Censorship of research outputs was the most common form of interference. The wording or writing of reports and articles, as well as where, when and how findings were released were the areas in which influence was most often reported. Conclusions Funder interference in addiction science appears to be common internationally. Strategies to increase transparency in the addiction science literature, including mandatory author declarations concerning the role of the funder, are necessary.
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2017 |
Sharmin S, Kypri K, Khanam M, Wadolowski M, Bruno R, Mattick RP, 'Parental Supply of Alcohol in Childhood and Risky Drinking in Adolescence: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH, 14 (2017) [C1]
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2016 |
Marsh L, Cousins K, Gray A, Kypri K, Connor JL, Hoek J, 'The association of smoking with drinking pattern may provide opportunities to reduce smoking among students', Kotuitui, 11 72-81 (2016) [C1] © 2016 The Royal Society of New Zealand. There is evidence that smoking and alcohol consumption are paired behaviours among university students, but we know little about how New Z... [more] © 2016 The Royal Society of New Zealand. There is evidence that smoking and alcohol consumption are paired behaviours among university students, but we know little about how New Zealand students engage in these behaviours. We estimated prevalence of daily and occasional smoking among university students, and associations of smoking with drinking patterns, demographics and smokefree policies of the university. This research was conducted with 2822 university students, aged 17¿25, from five New Zealand universities who participated in an online health survey in 2013. Fourteen percent reported they currently smoke occasionally, and 3% reported smoking on a daily basis. Increasing age, living situation, drinking more often, and drinking more alcohol during drinking occasions were all associated with greater levels of smoking. Understanding patterns of smoking in relation to alcohol consumption may help efforts to further reduce smoking prevalence. Specifically, policy makers should consider approaches that de-couple tobacco and alcohol consumption, such as expanding the smokefree perimeter of bars and disallowing the sale of tobacco at premises licensed to sell alcohol.
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2016 |
Jackson N, Kypri K, 'A critique of Fox's industry-funded report into the drivers of anti-social behaviour in the night-time economies of Australia and New Zealand', Addiction, 111 552-557 (2016) [C1]
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2016 |
Kypri K, Maclennan B, Connor JL, 'Effects of small incentives on survey response fractions: randomised comparisons in national alcohol surveys conducted in New Zealand.', Eur J Public Health, 26 430-432 (2016) [C1]
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2016 |
Johnson NA, Kypri K, Latter J, Attia J, McEvoy M, Dunlop A, Scott R, 'Genetic feedback to reduce alcohol consumption in hospital outpatients with risky drinking: Feasibility and acceptability', Public Health Research and Practice, 26 (2016) [C1] © 2016 Johnson et al. Objective: There have been no trials in healthcare settings of genetic susceptibility feedback in relation to alcohol consumption. The purpose of this study ... [more] © 2016 Johnson et al. Objective: There have been no trials in healthcare settings of genetic susceptibility feedback in relation to alcohol consumption. The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility and acceptability of conducting a full-scale randomised trial estimating the effect of personalised genetic susceptibility feedback on alcohol consumption in hospital outpatients with risky drinking. Methods: Outpatients =18 years of age who reported drinking more than 14 standard drinks in the past week or in a typical week were asked to provide a saliva sample for genetic testing. Genetic susceptibility feedback was posted to participants 6 months after recruitment. The co-primary outcomes were the proportion of participants who (i) provided a saliva sample that could be genotyped, and (ii) spoke with a genetic counsellor. Secondary outcomes included changes in patients' weekly alcohol consumption; scores on scales measuring readiness to change, importance of changing and confidence in ability to change drinking habits; knowledge about which cancers are alcohol-attributable; and acceptability of the saliva collection procedure and the genetic-feedback intervention. McNemar's test and paired t-tests were used to test for differences between baseline and follow-up in proportions and means, respectively. Results: Of 100 participants who provided a saliva sample, 93 had adequate DNA for at least one genotyping assay. Three participants spoke to a genetic counsellor. Patients' readiness to change their drinking, their views on the importance of changing and their stated confidence in their ability to change increased between baseline and follow-up. There was no increase in patients' knowledge about alcohol-attributable cancers nor any reduction in how much alcohol they drank 4 months after receiving the feedback. Most participants (80%) were somewhat comfortable or very comfortable with the process used to collect saliva, 84% understood the genetic feedback, 54% found it useful, 10% had sought support to reduce their drinking after receiving the feedback, and 37% reported that the feedback would affect how much they drink in the future. Conclusion: Results of this study suggest it would be feasible to conduct a methodologically robust trial estimating the effect of genetic susceptibility feedback on alcohol consumption in hospital outpatients with risky drinking.
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2016 |
Hossain MS, Kypri K, Rahman B, Akter S, Milton AH, 'Health knowledge and smokeless tobacco quit attempts and intentions among married women in rural Bangladesh: Cross-sectional survey', Drug and Alcohol Review, 35 514-522 (2016) [C1] © 2015 Australasian Professional Society on Alcohol and other Drugs Introduction and Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate health knowledge, attitudes and smokeless tobac... [more] © 2015 Australasian Professional Society on Alcohol and other Drugs Introduction and Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate health knowledge, attitudes and smokeless tobacco quit attempts and intentions among married women in rural Bangladesh. Design and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted using an interviewer administered, pretested, semistructured questionnaire. All 8082 women living in the Jhaudi and Ghotmajhee local government areas, aged =18 years with at least one pregnancy in their lifetime, were invited to participate. Questions covered smokeless tobacco consumption (STC), knowledge regarding its health effects, users' quit attempts and intentions and sociodemographic characteristics. Results: Eight thousand seventy-four women completed the survey (response rate 99.9%). Almost half (45%) of current consumers thought STC was good for their health and many ascribed medicinal values to it, for example 25% thought STC reduced stomach aches. A quarter had previously tried to quit and 10% intended to quit. After adjusting for potential confounders, inaccurate knowledge of STC health consequences was associated with being older [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 2.71, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.99¿3.50], less educated (aOR = 2.18, 95% CI 1.66¿2.85), Muslim (aOR = 17.0, 95% CI 12.0¿23.9) and unemployed (aOR = 29.7, 95% CI: 25.2¿35.1). Having less education (aOR = 2.52, 95% CI 0.98¿6.45) and being unemployed (aOR = 1.52, 95% CI 1.03¿2.23) were associated with the intention to quit. Discussion and Conclusions: Large gaps exist in rural Bangladeshi women's understanding of the adverse health effects of STC. Health awareness campaigns should highlight the consequences of STC. Routine screening and cessation advice should be provided in primary healthcare and smokeless tobacco control strategies should be implemented. [Hossain MS, Kypri K, Rahman B, Akter S, Milton AH. Health knowledge and smokeless tobacco quit attempts and intentions among married women in rural Bangladesh: Cross-sectional survey. Drug Alcohol Rev 2016;35:514¿522] .
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2016 |
Dorji G, Dejong W, Bor J, Desilva MB, Sabin L, Feeley FR, et al., 'Increasing compliance with alcohol service laws in a developing country: Intervention trial in the Kingdom of Bhutan', Addiction, 111 467-474 (2016) [C1] © 2016 Society for the Study of Addiction. Aim: Bhutan is a low-middle income country that, like many others, experiences significant alcohol-related harm and low compliance with ... [more] © 2016 Society for the Study of Addiction. Aim: Bhutan is a low-middle income country that, like many others, experiences significant alcohol-related harm and low compliance with laws restricting availability and promotion. This study assessed changes in compliance of alcohol outlets with sales restrictions following a multi-sector programme aimed at improving this. Design: Pre-post design with covert observation of service practices. Setting: Thimphu, Bhutan, June-November 2013. Alcohol is not permitted for sale except from 1 to 10 p.m. Wednesday-Monday. Serving minors (< 18 years old) or intoxicated patrons is illegal. Participants: Seventy-one outlets selected randomly from all 209 on-premises outlets in downtown Thimphu. Intervention: Multi-sector programme involving visits to outlets, education of owners and staff, a toolkit and implementation checks. Measurements: Ten mystery-shopper visits were made to each outlet both before and after the intervention. We assessed compliance in five purchasing scenarios: (1) before 1 p.m., (2) after 10 p.m., (3) on Tuesdays and (4) shoppers who appeared to be underage or (5) intoxicated. Changes in compliance rates were assessed using multi-variable logistic regression models. Findings: Overall compliance increased from 20 to 34% [difference: 14%; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 7-22%]. Improvement was found in refusals of service before 1 p.m.: 10-34% (differenceadj = 24%; 95% CI = 12-37%) and on Tuesdays: 43-58% (differenceadj = 14%; 95% CI = 1-28%). Differences in refusal to serve alcohol: after 10 p.m. (differenceadj = 15%; 95% CI = -8 to 37%); to underage patrons (differenceadj = -5%; 95% CI = 14 to 4%); and to intoxicated patrons (differenceadj = 7%; 95% CI = -7-20%) were not statistically significant. Younger servers, stand-alone bars and outlets permitting indoor smoking were each less likely to comply with the alcohol service laws. Conclusion: A multi-sector programme to improve compliance with legal restrictions on serving alcohol in Bhutan appeared to have a modest effect but even after the programme, in two-thirds of the occasions tested, the laws were broken.
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2016 |
Kypri K, Wilson A, Attia J, Sheeran P, Miller P, McCambridge J, 'Social desirability bias in the reporting of alcohol consumption: A randomized trial', Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 77 526-531 (2016) [C1] © 2016, Alcohol Research Documentation Inc. All rights reserved. Objective: To investigate reporting of alcohol consumption, we manipulated the contexts of questions in ways desig... [more] © 2016, Alcohol Research Documentation Inc. All rights reserved. Objective: To investigate reporting of alcohol consumption, we manipulated the contexts of questions in ways designed to induce social desirability bias. Method: We undertook a two-arm, parallel-group, individually randomized trial at an Australian public university. Students were recruited by email to a web-based ¿Research Project on Student Health Behavior.¿ Respondents answered nine questions about their physical activity, diet, and smoking. They were unknowingly randomized to a group presented with either (A) three questions about their alcohol consumption or (B) seven questions about their alcohol dependence and problems (under a prominent header labeled ¿Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test¿), followed by the same three alcohol consumption questions from (A). Results: A total of 3,594 students (mean age = 27, SD = 10) responded and were randomized: 1,778 to Group A and 1,816 to Group B. Outcome measures were the number of days they drank alcohol, the typical number of drinks they consumed per drinking day, and the number of days they consumed six or more drinks. The primary analysis included participants with any alcohol consumption in the preceding 4 weeks (1,304 in Group A; 1,340 in Group B) using between-group, two-tailed t tests. Results: In Groups A and B, respectively, means (and SDs) of the number of days drinking were 5.89 (5.92) versus 6.06 (6.12), p = .49; typical number of drinks per drinking day: 4.02 (3.87) versus 3.82 (3.76), p = .17; and number of days consuming six or more drinks: 1.69 (2.94) versus 1.67 (3.25), p = .56. Conclusions: We could not reject the null hypothesis because earlier questions about alcohol dependence and problems showed no sign of biasing the respondents¿ subsequent reports of alcohol consumption. These data support the validity of university students¿ reporting of alcohol consumption in web-based studies.
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2016 |
Wadolowski M, Hutchinson D, Bruno R, Aiken A, Najman JM, Kypri K, et al., 'Parents who supply sips of alcohol in early adolescence: A prospective study of risk factors', Pediatrics, 137 (2016) [C1] Copyright © 2016 by the American Academy of Pediatrics. BACKGROUND: Parents are a major supplier of alcohol to adolescents, often initiating use with sips. Despite harms of adoles... [more] Copyright © 2016 by the American Academy of Pediatrics. BACKGROUND: Parents are a major supplier of alcohol to adolescents, often initiating use with sips. Despite harms of adolescent alcohol use, research has not addressed the antecedents of such parental supply. This study investigated the prospective associations between familial, parental, peer, and adolescent characteristics on parental supply of sips. METHODS: Participants were 1729 parent-child dyads recruited from Grade 7 classes, as part of the Australian Parental Supply of Alcohol Longitudinal Study. Data are from baseline surveys (Time 1) and 1-year follow-up (Time 2). Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regressions tested prospective associations between Time 1 familial, parental, peer, and adolescent characteristics and Time 2 parental supply. RESULTS: In the fully adjusted model, parental supply was associated with increased parentreport of peer substance use (odds ratio [OR] = 1.20, 95% confidence ratio [CI], 1.08-1.34), increased home alcohol access (OR = 1.07, 95% CI, 1.03-1.11), and lenient alcohol-specific rules (OR=0.88, 95% CI, 0.78-0.99). CONCLUSIONS: Parents who perceived that their child engaged with substance-using peers were more likely to subsequently supply sips of alcohol. Parents may believe supply of a small quantity of alcohol will protect their child from unsupervised alcohol use with peers. It is also possible that parental perception of peer substance use may result in parents believing that this is a normative behavior for their child's age group, and in turn that supply is also normative. Further research is required to understand the impacts of such supply, even in small quantities, on adolescent alcohol use trajectories.
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2015 |
Johnson NA, Kypri K, Latter J, McElduff P, Attia J, Saitz R, et al., 'Effect of telephone follow-up on retention and balance in an alcohol intervention trial', Preventive Medicine Reports, 2 746-749 (2015) [C1] © 2015 The Authors. Objectives: Telephone follow-up is not currently recommended as a strategy to improve retention in randomized trials. The aims of this study were to estimate t... [more] © 2015 The Authors. Objectives: Telephone follow-up is not currently recommended as a strategy to improve retention in randomized trials. The aims of this study were to estimate the effect of telephone follow-up on retention, identify participant characteristics predictive of questionnaire completion during or after telephone follow-up, and estimate the effect of including participants who provided follow-up data during or after telephone follow-up on balance between randomly allocated groups in a trial estimating the effect of electronic alcohol screening and brief intervention on alcohol consumption in hospital outpatients with hazardous or harmful drinking. Method: Trial participants were followed up 6. months after randomization (June-December 2013) using e-mails containing a hyperlink to a web-based questionnaire when possible and by post otherwise. Telephone follow-up was attempted after two written reminders and participants were invited to complete the questionnaire by telephone when contact was made. Results: Retention before telephone follow-up was 62.1% (520/837) and 82.8% (693/837) afterward: an increase of 20.7% (173/837). Therefore, 55% (95% CI 49%-60%) of the 317 participants who had not responded after two written reminders responded during or after the follow-up telephone call. Age. <. 55. years, a higher AUDIT-C score and provision of a mobile/cell phone number were predictive of questionnaire completion during or after telephone follow-up. Balance between randomly allocated groups was present before and after inclusion of participants who completed the questionnaire during or after telephone follow-up. Conclusion: Telephone follow-up improved retention in this randomized trial without affecting balance between the randomly allocated groups.
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2015 |
Kypri K, Connor J, Sellman D, 'The dissolution of the alcohol advisory council: A blow for public health', New Zealand Medical Journal, 128 56-60 (2015) [C1] © NZMA. In June 2012 the Alcohol Advisory Council (ALAC) ceased to be after more than three decades of providing advice on alcohol policy, undertaking health promotion activities,... [more] © NZMA. In June 2012 the Alcohol Advisory Council (ALAC) ceased to be after more than three decades of providing advice on alcohol policy, undertaking health promotion activities, and funding research on the prevalence and causes of unhealthy alcohol use and strategies to address alcohol-related harm. Perversely, its dissolution followed soon after the Law Commission¿s ¿once in a generation¿ review recommending law reform to address New Zealand¿s substantial alcohol-related health burden. ALAC¿s functions were ostensibly taken over by the Health Promotion Agency (HPA) but this new entity was given less autonomy than ALAC and a remit including areas as disparate as rheumatic fever and sun safety. In addition, HPA was compromised from the start by the appointment of a food, alcohol and tobacco industry representative to its Board. ALAC sometimes fell short of community and scientists¿ expectations that it provide independent and fearless advice on politically contested matters, such as controls on alcohol marketing. However, it seems that the way the HPA has been set up makes effective action to address health and social problems caused by alcohol consumption in New Zealand unlikely.
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2015 |
Wadolowski M, Bruno R, Aiken A, Stone C, Najman J, Kypri K, et al., 'Sipping, Drinking, and Early Adolescent Alcohol Consumption: A Cautionary Note', Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 39 350-354 (2015) [C1] © 2015 by the Research Society on Alcoholism. Background: Epidemiological studies report markedly varying rates of adolescent alcohol involvement. Despite being a common adolescen... [more] © 2015 by the Research Society on Alcoholism. Background: Epidemiological studies report markedly varying rates of adolescent alcohol involvement. Despite being a common adolescent behavior, a potential cause of this variation is that consumption of sips is either not measured or not distinguished from consumption of whole beverages. Methods: Participants were 1,843 grade 7 adolescents recruited across 49 Australian secondary schools (M age = 12.4, SD = 0.5). Quantity and frequency of lifetime and past 6-month consumption were assessed, distinguishing between sipping and drinking. For comparison with international population surveys, quantity was reported as any consumption, sipping only, and drinking only. Results: Combining sipping and drinking into a single category, lifetime consumption was reported by 67.3% of the present sample. Distinguishing lifetime consumption by sipping and drinking: only 7.8% of adolescents had consumed a whole beverage; the remaining 59.6% had only sipped. Consumption of whole beverages was mostly limited to 1 to 2 drinks (84.2% of drinkers). Sipping and drinking were also infrequent: 78.2% of sipping and 60.4% of drinking, occurred less than monthly. Heavy episodic consumption was uncommon (1.2% of the sample). When other population studies were inspected, a clear trend for higher drinking rates were found in those studies where sipping was counted as drinking and vice versa. Conclusions: Consumption of whole beverages appears infrequent in early adolescence, as sipping, but not drinking, was common in our sample. Comparing the present data with international population consumption measures highlights the need to more precisely measure and report adolescent consumption, particularly in relation to sipping.
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2015 |
O'Brien KS, Carr S, Ferris J, Room R, Miller P, Livingston M, et al., 'Erratum: Alcohol Advertising in Sport and Non-Sport TV in Australia, during Children's Viewing Times (PLoS ONE (2015) 10:8 (e0134889) DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134889)', PLoS ONE, 10 (2015) [O1]
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2015 |
Naimi TS, Babor T, Chikritzhs T, Stockwell TR, Mccambridge J, Miller P, et al., 'Let's Not "Relax" Evidence Standards when Recommending Risky Preventive Therapeutic Agents', Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 39 1275-1276 (2015) [C3]
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2015 |
Kypri K, Davie G, Mcelduff P, Langley J, Connor J, 'Effects of lowering the alcohol minimum purchasing age on weekend hospitalised assaults of young Maori in New Zealand', Drug and Alcohol Review, 34 299-303 (2015) [C1] © 2015 Australasian Professional Society on Alcohol and other Drugs. Introduction and Aims: We examine the association between reducing the alcohol minimum purchasing age from 20 ... [more] © 2015 Australasian Professional Society on Alcohol and other Drugs. Introduction and Aims: We examine the association between reducing the alcohol minimum purchasing age from 20 to 18 years in December 1999 and rates of weekend assault hospitalisation among young Maori in the following 12 years. Our previous work showed deleterious effects for young people overall. In keeping with Treaty of Waitangi principles, we sought to determine whether the policy was similarly detrimental for Maori. Design and Methods: We used Poisson regression to examine data from 1995 to 2011 on Maori hospitalised on Friday-Sunday following assault, separately by gender among 15- to 17-year-olds and 18- to 19-year-olds, versus 20- to 21-year-olds as a control for changes in economic and environmental factors. Results: There was no evidence to suggest weekend assault hospitalisations increased significantly more among 15- to 17-year-old or 18- to 19-year-old Maori males in the post-change periods (incidence rate ratios varied between 0.83 and 1.13; P values >0.25) compared with increases observed in 20- to 21-year-old Maori males. For Maori females, estimates were more variable, but overall, there was no evidence of the hypothesised effect (incidence rate ratios between 0.60 and 1.09; P values >0.07). Discussion and Conclusions: Overall, we find no evidence that lowering the minimum alcohol purchasing age increased weekend hospitalised assaults among young Maori. Inferences are compromised by lack of statistical power which underlines the importance of planning for evaluation of important policies well before they are implemented, particularly with a view to meeting obligations to Maori arising from the Treaty of Waitangi.
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2015 |
Kypri K, Wilson A, Attia J, Sheeran PJ, McCambridge J, 'Effects of study design and allocation on self-reported alcohol consumption: Randomized trial', Trials, 16 (2015) [C1] © Kypri et al. Background: What participants think about the nature of a study might affect their behaviour and bias findings. We tested two hypotheses: (1) participants told they... [more] © Kypri et al. Background: What participants think about the nature of a study might affect their behaviour and bias findings. We tested two hypotheses: (1) participants told they were in an intervention trial would report lower alcohol consumption at follow-up than those told they were in a cohort study; (2) participants told they were in the intervention group in a trial would have lower alcohol consumption at follow-up than those told they were in the control group. Methods: Students from four universities (N = 72,903) were invited to participate in a 'research project on student drinking'. Of 10,415 respondents, 6,788 were moderate to heavy drinkers and were randomized. Group A ('cohort') were informed their drinking would be assessed at baseline and again in one month. Group B ('control') were told the study was an intervention trial and they were in the control group. Group C ('intervention') were told the study was an intervention trial and they were to receive the intervention. All were assessed and directed to read identical online alcohol education material. Whether and how long they accessed the material were recorded. One month later, alcohol intake was reassessed. Results: In relation to hypothesis 1, there were no differences between the groups on the prespecified outcome measures. In relation to hypothesis 2, there were no differences though all point estimates were in the hypothesized direction (that is, 'intervention' < 'control'). The 'cohort' and 'control' groups accessed the material to a similar extent (59% versus 57%) while the 'intervention' group were more likely to access it (78%) and to read it for longer (median 35 s (25th and 75th percentiles: 6, 97) versus medians of 7 s (0, 28) and 8 s (4, 42) for the 'cohort' and 'control' groups, respectively). Conclusions: Although the context given to the research participants significantly influenced access to the online information and reading time, this did not translate into any effect on drinking behaviour, for either hypothesis. This might be because of failure in the experimental paradigm or the possibility of weaker effects using the online approach.
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2015 |
Mccambridge J, Kypri K, Miller P, Hawkins B, Hastings G, 'Where is the evidence?', Addiction, 110 540-541 (2015) [C3]
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2015 |
Kypri K, 'Suppression clauses in university health research: Case study of an Australian government contract negotiation', Medical Journal of Australia, 203 72-75 (2015) [C1]
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2015 |
Wadolowski M, Hutchinson D, Bruno R, Aiken A, Clare P, Slade T, et al., 'Early Adolescent Alcohol Use: Are Sipping and Drinking Distinct?', Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 39 1805-1813 (2015) [C1]
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2015 |
Tzelepis F, Paul CL, Wiggers J, Kypri K, Bonevski B, McElduff P, et al., 'Targeting multiple health risk behaviours among vocational education students using electronic feedback and online and telephone support: Protocol for a cluster randomised trial Health behavior, health promotion and society', BMC Public Health, 15 (2015) [C3] © 2015 Tzelepis et al. Background: Technical and Further Education (TAFE) colleges are the primary provider of vocational education in Australia. Most TAFE students are young adul... [more] © 2015 Tzelepis et al. Background: Technical and Further Education (TAFE) colleges are the primary provider of vocational education in Australia. Most TAFE students are young adults, a period when health risk behaviours become established. Furthermore, high rates of smoking, risky alcohol consumption, inadequate fruit and vegetable intake and insufficient physical activity have been reported in TAFE students. There have been no intervention studies targeting multiple health risk behaviours simultaneously in this population. The proposed trial will examine the effectiveness of providing TAFE students with electronic feedback regarding health risk behaviours and referral to a suite of existing online and telephone services addressing smoking, risky alcohol consumption, fruit and vegetable intake, and physical activity levels. Methods/Design: A two arm, parallel, cluster randomised trial will be conducted within TAFE campuses in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. TAFE classes will be randomly allocated to an intervention or control condition (50 classes per condition). To be eligible, students must be: enrolled in a course that runs for more than 6 months; aged 16 years or older; and not meet Australian health guideline recommendations for at least one of the following: smoking, alcohol consumption, fruit and/or vegetable intake, or physical activity. Students attending intervention classes, will undertake via a computer tablet a risk assessment for health risk behaviours, and for behaviours not meeting Australian guidelines be provided with electronic feedback about these behaviours and referral to evidence-based online programs and telephone services. Students in control classes will not receive any intervention. Primary outcome measures that will be assessed via online surveys at baseline and 6 months post-recruitment are: 1) daily tobacco smoking; 2) standard drinks of alcohol consumed per week; 3) serves of fruit consumed daily; 4) serves of vegetables consumed daily; and 5) metabolic equivalent minutes of physical activity per week. Discussion: Proactive enrolment to existing online and telephone services has the potential to address modifiable determinants of disease. This trial will be the first to examine a potentially scalable intervention targeting multiple health risk behaviours among students in the vocational training setting.
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2015 |
Kypri K, 'Evidence of harm from late night alcohol sales continues to strengthen', Addiction, 110 965-966 (2015) [C3]
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2015 |
O'Brien KS, Carr S, Ferris J, Room R, Miller P, Livingston M, et al., 'Alcohol Advertising in Sport and Non-Sport TV in Australia, during Children's Viewing Times', PLOS ONE, 10 (2015) [C1]
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2014 |
Hossain MS, Kypri K, Rahman B, Arslan I, Akter S, Milton AH, 'Prevalence and correlates of smokeless tobacco consumption among married women in rural Bangladesh', PLoS ONE, 9 (2014) [C1] Objective: To estimate the prevalence and identify correlates of smokeless tobacco consumption among married rural women with a history of at least one pregnancy in Madaripur, Ban... [more] Objective: To estimate the prevalence and identify correlates of smokeless tobacco consumption among married rural women with a history of at least one pregnancy in Madaripur, Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey using an interviewer administered, pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire. All women living in the study area, aged 18 years and above with at least one pregnancy in their lifetime, who were on the electoral roll and agreed to participate were included in the study. Information on sociodemographic characteristics and smokeless tobacco consumption was collected. Smokeless tobacco consumption was categorized as 'Current', 'Ever but not current' and 'Never'. Associations between smokeless tobacco consumption and the explanatory variables were estimated using simple and multiple binary logistic regression. Results: 8074 women participated (response rate 99.9%). The prevalence of 'Current consumption', 'Ever consumption but not current', and 'Never consumption' was 25%, 44% and 31%, respectively. The mean age at first use was 31.5 years. 87% of current consumers reported using either Shadapata or Hakimpuree Jarda. Current consumption was associated with age, level of education, religion, occupation, being an income earner, marital status, and age at first use of smokeless tobacco. After adjustment for demographic variables, current consumption was associated with being over 25 years of age, a lower level of education, being an income earner, being Muslim, and being divorced, separated or widowed. Conclusion: The prevalence of smokeless tobacco consumption is high among rural women in Bangladesh and the age of onset is considerably older than that for smoking. Smokeless tobacco consumption is likely to be producing a considerable burden of non-communicable disease in Bangladesh. Smokeless tobacco control strategies should be implemented. © 2014 Hossain et al.
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2014 |
Gilligan C, Kypri K, Bourke J, 'Social networking versus facebook advertising to recruit survey respondents: a quasi-experimental study.', JMIR Research Protocols, 3 1-5 (2014) [C1]
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2014 |
Gilligan C, Thompson K, Bourke J, Kypri K, Stockwell T, '"Everybody else is doing it"--norm perceptions among parents of adolescents.', J Stud Alcohol Drugs, 75 908-918 (2014) [C1]
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2014 |
Toumbourou JW, Kypri K, Jones SC, 'Should the legal age for buying alcohol be raised to 21 years? REPLY', MEDICAL JOURNAL OF AUSTRALIA, 201 571-571 (2014) [C3]
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2014 |
Toumbourou JW, Kypri K, Jones SC, Hickie IB, 'Should the legal age for buying alcohol be raised to 21 years?', Medical Journal of Australia, 200 568-570 (2014) [C3]
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2014 |
O'Brien KS, Ferris J, Greenlees I, Jowett S, Rhind D, Cook PA, Kypri K, 'Alcohol industry sponsorship and hazardous drinking in UK university students who play sport', Addiction (Abingdon, England), 109 1647-1654 (2014) [C1] © 2014 Society for the Study of Addiction. AIM: To examine whether receipt of alcohol industry sponsorship is associated with problematic drinking in UK university students who pl... [more] © 2014 Society for the Study of Addiction. AIM: To examine whether receipt of alcohol industry sponsorship is associated with problematic drinking in UK university students who play sport. METHODS: University students (n¿=¿2450) participating in sports were invited to complete a pen-and-paper questionnaire by research staff approaching them at sporting facilities and in university settings. Respondents were asked whether they, personally, their team and/or their club were currently in receipt of sponsorship (e.g. money, free or subsidized travel or sporting products) from an alcohol-related industry (e.g. bars, liquor stores, wholesalers), and whether they had solicited the sponsorship. Drinking was assessed using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). RESULTS: Questionnaires were completed by 2048 of those approached (response rate¿=¿83%). Alcohol industry sponsorship was reported by 36% of the sample. After accounting for confounders (age, gender, disposable income and location) in multivariable models, receipt of alcohol sponsorship by a team (adjusted ßadj ¿=¿0.41, P¿=¿0.013), club (ßadj ¿=¿0.73, P¿=¿0.017), team and club (ßadj ¿=¿0.79, P¿=¿0.002) and combinations of individual and team or club sponsorships (ßadj ¿=¿1.27, P¿ < ¿0.002) were each associated with significantly higher AUDIT-consumption substance scores. Receipt of sponsorship by team and club [adjusted odds ratio (aOR)¿=¿2.04; 95% confidence interval (CI)¿=¿1.04-3.99] and combinations of individual and team or club sponsorships (aOR¿=¿4.12; 95% CI¿=¿1.29-13.15) were each associated with increased odds of being classified a hazardous drinker (AUDIT score > 8). Respondents who sought out sponsorship were not at greater risk than respondents, or whose teams or clubs, had been approached by the alcohol industry. CONCLUSIONS: University students in the United Kingdom who play sport and who personally receive alcohol industry sponsorship or whose club or team receives alcohol industry sponsorship appear to have more problematic drinking behaviour than UK university students who play sport and receive no alcohol industry sponsorship. Policy to reduce or cease such sponsorship should be considered.
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2014 |
Kypri K, Davie G, McElduff P, Connor J, Langley J, 'Effects of lowering the minimum alcohol purchasing age on weekend assaults resulting in hospitalization in New Zealand', American Journal of Public Health, 104 1396-1401 (2014) [C1] Objectives. We estimated the effects on assault rates of lowering the minimum alcohol purchasing age in New Zealand from 20 to 18 years. We hypothesized that the law change would ... [more] Objectives. We estimated the effects on assault rates of lowering the minimum alcohol purchasing age in New Zealand from 20 to 18 years. We hypothesized that the law change would increase assaults among young people aged 18 to 19 years (the target group) and those aged 15 to 17 years via illegal sales or alcohol supplied by older friends or family members. Methods. Using Poisson regression, we examined weekend assaults resulting in hospitalization from 1995 to 2011. Outcomes were assessed separately by gender among young people aged 15 to 17 years and those aged 18 to 19 years, with those aged 20 and 21 years included as a control group. Results. Relative to young men aged 20 to 21 years, assaults increased significantly among young men aged 18 to 19 years between 1995 and 1999 (the period before the law change), as well as the postchange periods 2003 to 2007 (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 1.21; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.05, 1.39) and 2008 to 2011 (IRR = 1.20; 95% CI = 1.05, 1.37). Among boys aged 15 to 17 years, assaults increased during the postchange periods 1999 to 2003 (IRR = 1.28; 95% CI = 1.10, 1.49) and 2004 to 2007 (IRR = 1.25; 95% CI = 1.08, 1.45). There were no statistically significant effects among girls and young women. Conclusions. Lowering the minimum alcohol purchasing age increased weekend assaults resulting in hospitalization among young males 15 to 19 years of age.
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2014 |
Kypri K, Vater T, Bowe SJ, Saunders JB, Cunningham JA, Horton NJ, McCambridge J, 'Web-based alcohol screening and brief intervention for university students: A randomized trial', JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association, 311 1218-1224 (2014) [C1] IMPORTANCE: Unhealthy alcohol use is a leading contributor to the global burden of disease, particularly among young people. Systematic reviews suggest efficacy of web-based alcoh... [more] IMPORTANCE: Unhealthy alcohol use is a leading contributor to the global burden of disease, particularly among young people. Systematic reviews suggest efficacy of web-based alcohol screening and brief intervention and call for effectiveness trials in settings where it could be sustainably delivered. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a national web-based alcohol screening and brief intervention program. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A multisite, double-blind, parallel-group, individually randomized trial was conducted at 7 New Zealand universities. In April and May of 2010, invitations containing hyperlinks to the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption (AUDITC) screening test were e-mailed to 14 991 students aged 17 to 24 years. INTERVENTIONS: Participants who screened positive (AUDIT-C score =4) were randomized to undergo screening alone or to 10 minutes of assessment and feedback (including comparisons with medical guidelines and peer norms) on alcohol expenditure, peak blood alcohol concentration, alcohol dependence, and access to help and information. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: A fully automated 5-month follow-up assessment was conducted that measured 6 primary outcomes: consumption per typical occasion, drinking frequency, volume of alcohol consumed, an academic problems score, and whether participants exceeded medical guidelines for acute harm (binge drinking) and chronic harm (heavy drinking). A Bonferroni-corrected significance threshold of .0083 was used to account for the 6 comparisons and a sensitivity analysis was used to assess possible attrition bias. RESULTS: Of 5135 students screened, 3422 scored 4 or greater and were randomized, and 83% were followed up. There was a significant effect on 1 of the 6 prespecified outcomes. Relative to control participants, those who received intervention consumed less alcohol per typical drinking occasion (median 4 drinks [interquartile range {IQR}, 2-8] vs 5 drinks [IQR 2-8]; rate ratio [RR], 0.93 [99.17%CI, 0.86-1.00]; P = .005) but not less often (RR, 0.95 [99.17%CI, 0.88-1.03]; P = .08) or less overall (RR, 0.95 [99.17%CI, 0.81-1.10]; P = .33). Academic problem scores were not lower (RR, 0.91 [99.17%CI, 0.76-1.08]; P = .14) and effects on the risks of binge drinking (odds ratio [OR], 0.84 [99.17%CI, 0.67-1.05]; P = .04) and heavy drinking (OR, 0.77 [99.17%CI, 0.56-1.05]; P = .03) were not significantly significant. In a sensitivity analysis accounting for attrition, the effect on alcohol per typical drinking occasion was no longer statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: A national web-based alcohol screening and brief intervention program produced no significant reductions in the frequency or overall volume of drinking or academic problems. There remains a possibility of a small reduction in the amount of alcohol consumed per typical drinking occasion. TRIAL REGISTRATION: anzctr.org.au Identifier: ACTRN12610000279022. Copyright 2014 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.
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2014 |
Palfai TP, Saitz R, Winter M, Brown TA, Kypri K, Goodness TM, et al., 'Web-based screening and brief intervention for student marijuana use in a university health center: Pilot study to examine the implementation of eCHECKUP TO GO in different contexts', Addictive Behaviors, 39 1346-1352 (2014) [C1] This pilot study sought to test the feasibility of procedures to screen students for marijuana use in Student Health Services (SHS) and test the efficacy of a web-based interventi... [more] This pilot study sought to test the feasibility of procedures to screen students for marijuana use in Student Health Services (SHS) and test the efficacy of a web-based intervention designed to reduce marijuana use and consequences. Students were asked to participate in voluntary screening of health behaviors upon arrival at SHS. One hundred and twenty-three students who used marijuana at least monthly completed assessments and were randomized to one of four intervention conditions in a 2 (intervention: Marijuana eCHECKUP TO GO vs. control). ×. 2 (site of intervention: on-site vs. off-site) between-groups design. Follow-up assessments were conducted online at 3 and 6. months. Latent growth modeling was used to provide effect size estimates for the influence of intervention on outcomes. One thousand and eighty undergraduate students completed screening. The intervention did not influence marijuana use frequency. However, there was evidence of a small overall intervention effect on marijuana-related consequences and a medium effect in stratified analyses in the on-site condition. Analyses of psychological variables showed that the intervention significantly reduced perceived norms regarding peer marijuana use. These findings demonstrate that it is feasible to identify marijuana users in SHS and deliver an automated web-based intervention to these students in different contexts. Effect size estimates suggest that the intervention has some promise as a means of correcting misperceptions of marijuana use norms and reducing marijuana-related consequences. Future work should test the efficacy of this intervention in a full scale randomized controlled trial. © 2013.
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2014 |
McCambridge J, Kypri K, Elbourne D, 'In randomization we trust? There are overlooked problems in experimenting with people in behavioral intervention trials', Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 67 247-253 (2014) [C1] Objectives Behavioral intervention trials may be susceptible to poorly understood forms of bias stemming from research participation. This article considers how assessment and oth... [more] Objectives Behavioral intervention trials may be susceptible to poorly understood forms of bias stemming from research participation. This article considers how assessment and other prerandomization research activities may introduce bias that is not fully prevented by randomization. Study Design and Setting This is a hypothesis-generating discussion article. Results An additivity assumption underlying conventional thinking in trial design and analysis is problematic in behavioral intervention trials. Postrandomization sources of bias are somewhat better known within the clinical epidemiological and trials literatures. Neglect of attention to possible research participation effects means that unintended participant behavior change stemming from artifacts of the research process has unknown potential to bias estimates of behavioral intervention effects. Conclusion Studies are needed to evaluate how research participation effects are introduced, and we make suggestions for how research in this area may be taken forward, including how these issues may be addressed in the design and conduct of trials. It is proposed that attention to possible research participation effects can improve the design of trials evaluating behavioral and other interventions and inform the interpretation of existing evidence.© 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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2014 |
McCambridge J, Kypri K, Elbourne D, 'Research participation effects: a skeleton in the methodological cupboard', Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, (2014) [C3] Objective: There have been concerns about impacts of various aspects of taking part in research studies for a century. The concerns have not, however, been sufficiently well conce... [more] Objective: There have been concerns about impacts of various aspects of taking part in research studies for a century. The concerns have not, however, been sufficiently well conceptualized to form traditions of study capable of defining and elaborating the nature of these problems. In this article we present a new way of thinking about a set of issues attracting long-standing attention. Study Design and Setting: We briefly review existing concepts and empirical work on well-known biases in surveys and cohort studies and propose that they are connected. Results: We offer the construct of "research participation effects" (RPEs) as a vehicle for advancing multi-disciplinary understanding of biases. Empirical studies are needed to identify conditions in which RPE may be sufficiently large to warrant modifications of study design, analytic methods, or interpretation. We consider the value of adopting a more participant-centred view of the research process as a way of thinking about these issues, which may also have benefits in relation to research methodology more broadly. Conclusion: Researchers may too readily overlook the extent to which research studies are unusual contexts, and that people may react in unexpected ways to what we invite them to do, introducing a range of biases. © 2014 The Authors.
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2014 |
Kypri K, Wolfenden L, Langley J, Hutchesson M, Voas R, 'Public, official, and industry submissions on a Bill to increase the alcohol minimum purchasing age: A critical analysis', International Journal of Drug Policy, (2014) [C1] Background: In 2005 a Bill was introduced to the New Zealand parliament to increase the alcohol minimum purchasing age (MPA) from 18 to 20 years and submissions were invited from ... [more] Background: In 2005 a Bill was introduced to the New Zealand parliament to increase the alcohol minimum purchasing age (MPA) from 18 to 20 years and submissions were invited from interested parties. We sought to characterise and critique the arguments tendered for and against the proposal. Methods: We used template analysis to study written submissions on the Bill from 178 people and organisations in New Zealand. Independent raters coded submissions according to the source, whether for or opposed, and the arguments employed. Results: The most common sources of submissions were members of the public (28%), the alcohol industry (20%), and NGOs (20%). Overall, 40% opposed increasing the MPA, 40% were in favour, 4% supported a split MPA (18 years for on-premise, 20 years for off-premise), 7% were equivocal, and 8% offered no comment. The most common proponents of increasing the MPA were NGOs (36%) and members of the public (30%) and their arguments concerned the expected positive effects on public health (36%) and public disorder/property damage (16%), while 24% argued that other strategies should be used as well. The most common sources of opposition to increasing the MPA were the alcohol industry (50%) and the public (20%). It was commonly claimed that the proposed law change would be ineffective in reducing harm (22%), that other strategies should be used instead (16%), that it would infringe adult rights (15%), and that licensed premises are safe environments for young people (14%). There were noteworthy examples of NGOs and government agencies opposing the law change. The alcohol industry maximised its impact via multiple submissions appealing to individual rights while neglecting to report or accurately characterise the scientific evidence. Several health and welfare agencies presented confused logic and/or were selective in their use of scientific evidence. Conclusion: In contrast to the fragmented and inconsistent response from government and NGOs, the alcohol industry was organised and united, with multiple submissions from the sector with most at stake, namely the hospitality industry, and supporting submissions from the manufacturing, import, and wholesale sectors. Systematic reviews of research evidence should be routinely undertaken to guide the legislature and submissions should be categorised on the basis of pecuniary interest. © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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2014 |
Kypri K, Maclennan B, 'Public participation in local alcohol regulation: Findings from a survey of New Zealand communities', Drug and Alcohol Review, 33 59-63 (2014) [C1] Introduction and Aims: In many high-income countries, the responsibility for alcohol regulation is being devolved from central to local governments. Although seeking public input ... [more] Introduction and Aims: In many high-income countries, the responsibility for alcohol regulation is being devolved from central to local governments. Although seeking public input is typically required by law, there remains little empirical evidence on whether and how the public is involved. We investigated public participation in local liquor licensing and related regulation in New Zealand. Design and Methods: In 2007, we randomly sampled 2337 residents from the national electoral roll in seven communities and invited them to complete a postal questionnaire assessing their level of general community engagement, whether they had taken action on alcohol issues, and barriers to participation they perceived or encountered. Results: A total of 1372 individuals responded (59% response). Fifty-two percent were current members of community organisations, and 40% had ever taken action on a local issue. Respondents considered alcohol to be a major problem locally, but only 4% had been involved in action to address a problem, whereas 18% had considered taking action. In their communities, 12% and 24%, respectively, felt they could influence the number or location of alcohol outlets. There was little variation across communities. Discussion and Conclusion: Despite high levels of general community engagement and alcohol being widely regarded as a local problem, few community members reported acting on alcohol issues, and their self-efficacy to effect change was low. © 2013 Australasian Professional Society on Alcohol and other Drugs.
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2014 |
Hossain MS, Kypri K, Rahman B, Milton AH, 'Smokeless tobacco consumption in the South Asian population of Sydney, Australia: Prevalence, correlates and availability', Drug and Alcohol Review, 33 86-92 (2014) [C1] Aim.: The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and identify correlates of smokeless tobacco consumption among the South Asian residents of Sydney, Australia. Methods.:... [more] Aim.: The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and identify correlates of smokeless tobacco consumption among the South Asian residents of Sydney, Australia. Methods.: A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a pretested, self-administered mailed questionnaire among members of Indian, Pakistani and Bangladeshi community associations in Sydney. Results.: Of 1600 individuals invited to participate, 419 responded (26%). Prevalence rates of ever consumption, more than 100 times consumption and current consumption were 72.1%, 65.9% and 17.1%, respectively. Men (74.3%) were more likely to ever consume than women (67.6%). Over 96% of consumers reported buying smokeless tobacco products from ethnic shops in Sydney. Current consumption of smokeless tobacco products was associated with country of birth: Indians (odds ratio 5.7, 95% confidence interval 2.3-14.5) and Pakistanis (odds ratio 3.1, 95% confidence interval 1.5-6.5) were more likely to be current consumers than Bangladeshis after adjusting for sociodemographic variables. For ever consumption, there was a positive association with age (P for trend=0.013) and male gender (odds ratio 2.1, 95% confidence interval 1.5-3.1). Conclusions.: Given the availability of smokeless tobacco and the high prevalence and potential adverse health consequences of consumption, smokeless tobacco consumption may produce a considerable burden of non-communicable disease in Australia. Effective control measures are needed, in particular enforcement of existing laws prohibiting the sale of these products. © 2013 Australasian Professional Society on Alcohol and other Drugs.
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2014 |
Kypri K, Mcelduff P, Miller P, 'Restrictions in pub closing times and lockouts in Newcastle, Australia five years on', Drug and Alcohol Review, 33 323-326 (2014) [C1] Introduction and Aims.: In 2008 pub closing times were restricted from 5am to 3:30am in the central business district (CBD) of Newcastle, Australia. A previous study showed a one-... [more] Introduction and Aims.: In 2008 pub closing times were restricted from 5am to 3:30am in the central business district (CBD) of Newcastle, Australia. A previous study showed a one-third reduction in assaults in the 18 months following the restriction. We assessed whether the assault rate remained lower over the following 3.5 years and whether the introduction of a 'lockout' in nearby Hamilton was associated with a reduction in assaults there. Design and Methods.: We used a pre-post design with comparison against two post-change periods. The setting was Greater Newcastle (population 530 000) and subjects were persons apprehended for assault in the CBD and nearby Hamilton, an area with late trading pubs where a lockout and other strategies were implemented in 2010. Cases were police-recorded assault apprehensions occurring from 10pm to 6am in one pre-change period: January 2001 to March 2008, and two post-change periods: (i) April 2008 to September 2009 and (ii) October 2009 to March 2013. Negative binomial regression with terms for secular trend and seasonal effects was used to estimate Post1: Pre and Post2: Pre Incidence Rate Ratios and confidence intervals. Results.: In the CBD recorded assaults fell from 99/quarter before the restriction to 68/quarter in the first post-change period [incidence rate ratio (IRR) 0.67, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.55-0.82] and 71/quarter (IRR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.55-0.85) in the later post-change period. In the same periods in Hamilton, assault rates were 23, 24, and 22 per quarter respectively. Discussion and Conclusions.: The restriction in closing time was associated with a sustained lower assault rate in the Newcastle CBD. We find no evidence that lockouts and other outlet management strategies were effective in Hamilton. [Kypri K, McElduff P, Miller P. Restrictions in pub closing times and lockouts in Newcastle Australia 5 years on. Drug Alcohol Rev. © 2014 Australasian Professional Society on Alcohol and other Drugs.
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2014 |
McCambridge J, Kypri K, Miller P, Hawkins B, Hastings G, 'From tobacco control to alcohol policy', Addiction, 109 528-529 (2014) [C3]
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2014 |
McCambridge J, Kypri K, Drummond C, Strang J, 'Alcohol harm reduction: corporate capture of a key concept.', PLoS Med, 11 e1001767 (2014) [C3]
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2014 |
McCambridge J, Kypri K, McElduff P, 'Regression to the mean and alcohol consumption: A cohort study exploring implications for the interpretation of change in control groups in brief intervention trials', Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 135 156-159 (2014) [C1] Background: Reductions in drinking among individuals randomised to control groups in brief alcohol intervention trials are common and suggest that asking study participants about ... [more] Background: Reductions in drinking among individuals randomised to control groups in brief alcohol intervention trials are common and suggest that asking study participants about their drinking may itself cause them to reduce their consumption. We sought to test the hypothesis that the statistical artefact regression to the mean (RTM) explains part of the reduction in such studies. Methods: 967 participants in a cohort study of alcohol consumption in New Zealand provided data at baseline and again six months later. We use graphical methods and apply thresholds of 8, 12, 16 and 20 in AUDIT scores to explore RTM. Results: There was a negative association between baseline AUDIT scores and change in AUDIT scores from baseline to six months, which in the absence of bias and confounding, is RTM. Students with lower baseline scores tended to have higher follow-up scores and conversely, those with higher baseline scores tended to have lower follow-up scores. When a threshold score of 8 was used to select a subgroup, the observed mean change was approximately half of that observed without a threshold. The application of higher thresholds produced greater apparent reductions in alcohol consumption. Conclusions: Part of the reduction seen in the control groups of brief alcohol intervention trials is likely to be due to RTM and the amount of change is likely to be greater as the threshold for entry to the trial increases. Quantification of RTM warrants further study and should assist understanding assessment and other research participation effects. © 2013 The Authors.
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2014 |
Gilligan C, Toumbourou JW, Kypri K, McElduff P, 'Factors Associated With Parental Rules for Adolescent Alcohol Use', SUBSTANCE USE & MISUSE, 49 145-153 (2014) [C1]
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2014 |
Johnson NA, Kypri K, Latter J, McElduff P, Saunders JB, Saitz R, et al., 'Prevalence of unhealthy alcohol use in hospital outpatients', Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 144 270-273 (2014) [C1] © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. Background: Few studies have examined the prevalence of unhealthy alcohol use in the hospital outpatient setting. Our aim was to estimate the prevalen... [more] © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. Background: Few studies have examined the prevalence of unhealthy alcohol use in the hospital outpatient setting. Our aim was to estimate the prevalence of unhealthy alcohol use among patients attending a broad range of outpatient clinics at a large public hospital in Australia. Methods: Adult hospital outpatients were invited to complete the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test Consumption questions (AUDIT-C) using an iPad as part of a randomised trial testing the efficacy of alcohol electronic screening and brief intervention. Unhealthy alcohol use was defined as an AUDIT-C score =5 among men and =4 among women. Results: Sixty percent (3616/6070) of invited hospital outpatients consented, of whom 89% (3206/3616) provided information on their alcohol consumption (either reported they had not consumed any alcohol in the last 12 months or completed the AUDIT-C). The prevalence of unhealthy alcohol use was 34.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 33.0-36.3%). The prevalence among men aged 18-24 years, 25-39 years, 40-59 years and 60 years and older, was 74.4% (95% CI: 68.4-80.4%), 54.3% (95% CI: 48.7-59.8%), 44.1% (95% CI: 39.9-48.3%), and 27.0% (95% CI: 23.6-30.4%), respectively (43.1% overall; 95% CI: 40.8-45.5%). The prevalence among women aged 18-24 years, 25-39 years, 40-59 years, and 60 years and older, was 48.6% (95% CI: 39.2-58.1%), 36.9% (95% CI: 31.2-42.6%), 25.2% (95% CI: 21.5-29.0%) and 14.5% (95% CI: 11.7-17.3%), respectively (24.9% overall; 95% CI: 22.7-27.1%). Conclusion: A large number of hospital outpatients who are not currently seeking treatment for their drinking could benefit from effective intervention in this setting.
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2014 |
McCambridge J, Kypri K, Bendtsen P, Porter J, 'Deception in Research Is Morally Problematic ... and so too Is Not Using It Morally: Reply to Open Peer Commentaries on "The Use of Deception in Public Health Behavioral Intervention Trials: A Case Study of Three Online Alcohol Trials"', AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOETHICS, 14 W9-W12 (2014) [C3]
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2014 |
McCambridge J, Kypri K, Miller P, Hawkins B, Hastings G, 'Be aware of Drinkaware', ADDICTION, 109 519-524 (2014) [C1]
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2014 | McCambridge J, Kypri K, Miller P, Hawkins B, Hastings G, 'Be aware of drinkaware', Exartisis, 23 108-118 (2014) | ||||||||||
2014 |
Cousins K, Connor JL, Kypri K, 'Effects of the Campus Watch intervention on alcohol consumption and related harm in a university population', Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 143 120-126 (2014) [C1] © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. Background: High levels of drinking and alcohol-related problems are pervasive among university students in New Zealand and other high-income countrie... [more] © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. Background: High levels of drinking and alcohol-related problems are pervasive among university students in New Zealand and other high-income countries, where controls on alcohol availability and promotion are typically weak. Environmental interventions to reduce hazardous drinking and harm have shown promise in general populations, but require further evidence of effectiveness in university settings. The aim of this study was to estimate the effect of a community liaison and security program, Campus Watch, on drinking patterns and alcohol-related harm among university students. Methods: The study used a quasi-experimental design with non-equivalent control sites using before (2005) and after (2009) observations. Participants were full-time students aged 17-25 years selected randomly from the enrolment lists of six New Zealand universities. Changes in scores on the alcohol use disorders identification consumption scale (AUDIT-C) and alcohol-related harms at the intervention campus were compared with those at control campuses using linear and logistic regression models. Results: Compared to control campuses, AUDIT-C scores decreased in students at the intervention campus (ß= -0.5, 95% CI: -0.6 to -0.3). Campus Watch was associated with reductions in some harms (independent of its effect on drinking), such as aggression (aOR 0.66, 95% CI: 0.46 to 0.94), but not other harms, e.g., blackouts (aOR 1.06, 95% CI: 0.89 to 1.27). Conclusion: While not being focused on alcohol per se, Campus Watch reduced alcohol consumption and some related harms. Such programs may be useful in similar environments where controls on alcohol availability and promotion cannot be affected and where informal controls are weak.
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2014 |
Connor J, Cousins K, Samaranayaka A, Kypri K, 'Situational and contextual factors that increase the risk of harm when students drink: Case-control and case-crossover investigation', Drug and Alcohol Review, 33 401-411 (2014) [C1] Introduction and Aims: Better understanding of the circumstances of alcohol-related adverse events experienced by university students could identify opportunities for prevention. ... [more] Introduction and Aims: Better understanding of the circumstances of alcohol-related adverse events experienced by university students could identify opportunities for prevention. We aimed to identify situational and contextual factors associated with unintentional injury, assault, unsafe sex, sexual assault and drink-driving/riding amongst university students. Design and Methods: We conducted a Web-based survey of full-time students aged 17-25 years at five New Zealand universities (n=2683) and carried out between- and within-subjects comparisons (case-control and case-crossover, respectively) of situational and contextual characteristics of events in the last seven days and control drinking occasions. Results: The response fraction was 49%. For the seven days preceding the survey, 4.9% of women and 7.4% of men reported at least one of the defined events while they were drinking or soon after. The number of drinking locations and getting drunker than expected were strongly associated with risk of an event in both case-control and case-crossover models, independent of consumption. Total number of drinks, drinking later and into the morning, and drinking with close friends were also associated with increased risk in the case-control analysis. No gender difference was seen after controlling for drinking and contextual factors. Discussion and Conclusions: Strategies to reduce the duration and volume of alcohol consumption, including earlier closing of licensed premises, should be considered as countermeasures for alcohol-related adverse events. The use of two different comparison groups for the circumstances of adverse events when drinking can strengthen inferences about the contribution of contextual factors. © 2014 Australasian Professional Society on Alcohol and other Drugs.
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2014 |
Gilligan C, Kypri K, 'Recruiting by registered versus standard mail', Epidemiology, 25 317 (2014) [C3]
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2013 |
Johnson NA, Kypri K, Saunders JB, Saitz R, Attia J, Dunlop A, et al., 'The hospital outpatient alcohol project (HOAP): protocol for an individually randomized, parallel-group superiority trial of electronic alcohol screening and brief intervention versus screening alone for unhealthy alcohol use.', Addict Sci Clin Pract, 8 14 (2013) [C3]
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2013 |
Cunningham JA, Kypri K, McCambridge J, 'Exploratory randomized controlled trial evaluating the impact of a waiting list control design', BMC Medical Research Methodology, 13 (2013) [C1]
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2013 |
Johnson NA, Kypri K, Attia J, 'Development of an electronic alcohol screening and brief intervention program for hospital outpatients with unhealthy alcohol use.', JMIR Res Protoc, 2 e36 (2013) [C1]
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2013 |
Langley J, Gulliver P, Cryer C, Kypri K, Civil I, Davie G, 'Use of alcohol intoxication codes for serious non-fatal hospitalised injury', INJURY-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THE CARE OF THE INJURED, 44 1472-1476 (2013) [C1]
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2013 |
Connor J, Psutka R, Cousins K, Gray A, Kypri K, 'Risky Drinking, Risky Sex: A National Study of New Zealand University Students', ALCOHOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH, 37 1971-1978 (2013) [C1]
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2013 |
Said D, Kypri K, Bowman J, 'Risk factors for mental disorder among university students in Australia: findings from a web-based cross-sectional survey', SOCIAL PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHIATRIC EPIDEMIOLOGY, 48 935-944 (2013) [C1]
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2013 |
Kypri K, Connor J, Maclennan B, Sellman D, 'What became of New Zealand's golden opportunity for liquor law reform?', DRUG AND ALCOHOL REVIEW, 32 557-560 (2013) [C3]
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2013 |
Kypri K, McCambridge J, Vater T, Bowe SJ, Saunders JB, Cunningham JA, Horton NJ, 'Web-based alcohol intervention for Maori university students: double-blind, multi-site randomized controlled trial', ADDICTION, 108 331-338 (2013) [C1]
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2013 |
Maclennan B, Kypri K, Room R, Langley J, 'Local government alcohol policy development: case studies in three New Zealand communities', ADDICTION, 108 885-895 (2013) [C1]
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2013 |
Hallett J, Howat P, McManus A, Meng R, Maycock B, Kypri K, 'Academic and personal problems among Australian university students who drink at hazardous levels: web-based survey.', Health Promot J Austr, 24 170-177 (2013) [C1]
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2013 |
Wolfenden L, Kypri K, Britton B, James EL, Francis JL, Wyse R, 'Effects of Introductory Information on Self-Reported Health Behavior', EPIDEMIOLOGY, 24 170-172 (2013) [C1]
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2013 |
McCambridge J, Kypri K, Bendtsen P, Porter J, 'The Use of Deception in Public Health Behavioral Intervention Trials: A Case Study of Three Online Alcohol Trials', AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOETHICS, 13 39-47 (2013) [C1]
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2012 |
Gilligan C, Kypri K, Johnson NA, Lynagh MC, Love S, 'Parental supply of alcohol and adolescent risky drinking', Drug and Alcohol Review, 31 754-762 (2012) [C1]
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2012 |
Meiklejohn J, Connor J, Kypri K, 'One in three New Zealand drinkers reports being harmed by their own drinking in the past year', New Zealand Medical Journal, 125 28-36 (2012) [C1]
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2012 |
Maclennan B, Kypri K, Langley J, Room R, 'Non-response bias in a community survey of drinking, alcohol-related experiences and public opinion on alcohol policy', Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 126 189-194 (2012) [C1]
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2012 |
Gilligan C, Kypri K, Lubman D, 'Changing parental behaviour to reduce risky drinking among adolescents: Current evidence and future directions', Alcohol and Alcoholism, 47 349-354 (2012) [C1]
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2012 |
Meiklejohn J, Connor JL, Kypri K, 'Drinking concordance and relationship satisfaction in New Zealand couples', Alcohol and Alcoholism, 47 606-611 (2012) [C1]
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2012 |
Maclennan B, Kypri K, Langley J, Room R, 'Public sentiment towards alcohol and local government alcohol policies in New Zealand', International Journal of Drug Policy, 23 45-53 (2012) [C1]
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2012 |
Baker AL, Callister R, Kelly PJ, Kypri K, ''Do more, smoke less!' Harm reduction in action for smokers with mental health/substance use problems who cannot or will not quit', Drug and Alcohol Review, 31 714-717 (2012) [C3]
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2012 |
McCambridge J, Kypri K, Wilson AJ, 'How should debriefing be undertaken in web-based studies? Findings from a randomized controlled trial', Journal of Medical Internet Research, 14 e157 (2012) [C1]
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2012 |
Hallett J, Howat PM, Maycock BR, McManus A, Kypri K, Dhaliwal SS, 'Undergraduate student drinking and related harms at an Australian university: Web-based survey of a large random sample', BMC Public Health, 12 37 (2012) [C1]
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2012 |
Gilligan C, Kypri K, 'Parent attitudes, family dynamics and adolescent drinking: qualitative study of the Australian parenting guidelines for adolescent alcohol use', BMC Public Health, 12 491 (2012) [C1]
|
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2012 |
Meiklejohn J, Connor J, Kypri K, 'The effect of low survey response rates on estimates of alcohol consumption in a general population survey', PLoS One, 7 (2012) [C1]
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2012 |
Lapham GT, Hawkins EJ, Chavez LJ, Achtmeyer CE, Williams EC, Thomas RM, et al., 'Feedback from recently returned veterans on an anonymous web-based brief alcohol intervention', Addiction Science & Clinical Practice, 7 1-12 (2012) [C1]
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2011 |
Cunningham JA, Kypri K, McCambridge J, 'The use of emerging technologies in alcohol treatment', Alcohol Research & Health, 33 320-326 (2011) [C1]
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2011 |
Kypri K, McCambridge J, Wilson AJ, Attia JR, Sheeran P, Bowe S, Vater T, 'Effects of study design and allocation on participant behaviour- ESDA: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial', Trials, 12 42 (2011) [C3]
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2011 |
Connor JL, Kypri K, Bell ML, Cousins K, 'Alcohol involvement in aggression between intimate partners in New Zealand: a national cross-sectional study', BMJ Open, 1 1-10 (2011) [C1]
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2011 |
McCambridge J, Kypri K, 'Can simply answering research questions change behaviour? Systematic review and meta analyses of brief alcohol intervention trials', PLoS ONE, 6 (2011) [C1]
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2011 |
Skov SJ, Chikritzhs TN, Kypri K, Miller PG, Hall WD, Daube MM, Moodie AR, 'Is the 'alcopops' tax working?: Probably yes but there is a bigger picture', Medical Journal of Australia, 195 84-86 (2011) [C3]
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2011 | Maclennan B, Kypri K, Langley J, Room R, 'Public opinion and local government alcohol policy: A study of seven New Zealand communities', Contemporary Drug Problems, 38 367-386 (2011) [C1] | ||||||||||
2011 |
Kypri K, Samaranayaka A, Connor J, Langley JD, Maclennan B, 'Non-response bias in a web-based health behaviour survey of New Zealand tertiary students', Preventive Medicine, 53 274-277 (2011) [C1]
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2011 |
Connor JL, Kypri K, Bell ML, Cousins K, 'Alcohol outlet density, levels of drinking and alcohol-related harm in New Zealand: a national study', Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 65 841-846 (2011) [C1]
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2011 |
Kypri K, Maclennan B, Langley JD, Connor JL, 'The Alcohol Reform Bill: More tinkering than reform in response to the New Zealand public's demand for better liquor laws', Drug and Alcohol Review, 30 428-433 (2011) [C1]
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2011 |
Kypri K, Jones C, McElduff P, Barker DJ, 'Effects of restricting pub closing times on night-time assaults in an Australian city', Addiction, 106 303-310 (2011) [C1]
|
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2011 |
Kypri K, Maclennan B, 'Commentary on Melson et al. (2011): Pluralistic ignorance is probably real but important questions remain about its relation to drinking and role in intervention', Addiction, 106 1085-1086 (2011) [C3]
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2011 |
Maclennan B, Langley J, Kypri K, 'Distributing surveys: Postal versus drop-and-collect', Epidemiology, 22 443-444 (2011) [C3]
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2010 |
Howat P, Hallett J, Kypri K, Maycock B, Dhaliwal S, McManus A, 'Tobacco smoking in an Australian university sample and implications for health promotion', Preventive Medicine, 51 425-426 (2010) [C3]
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2010 |
Kypri K, Paschall MJ, Langley JD, Baxter J, Bourdeau B, 'The role of drinking locations in university student drinking: Findings from a national web-based survey', Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 111 38-43 (2010) [C1]
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2010 |
Moss AC, Dyer KR, Albery IP, Allsop S, Kypri K, Erskine J, Mackintosh D, 'Alcohol pharmacokinetics, decision making and folk wisdom: A reply to Moxnes and Jensen (2009)', Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 109 1-3 (2010) [C3]
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2010 |
Kypri K, Langley JD, Connor J, 'Alcohol in our lives: A once-in-a generation opportunity for liquor law reform in New Zealand', Drug and Alcohol Review, 29 1-4 (2010) [C3]
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2010 |
Connor J, Gray A, Kypri K, 'Drinking history, current drinking and problematic sexual experiences among university students', Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 34 487-494 (2010) [C1]
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2010 |
Cousins K, Connor JL, Kypri K, 'Reducing alcohol-related harm and social disorder in a university community: A framework for evaluation', Injury Prevention, 16 e1-e6 (2010) [C1]
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2010 |
Dean J, Kypri K, McCambridge J, Cunnigham JA, Vater T, Bowe S, et al., 'Web-based alcohol screening and brief intervention for Maori and non-Maori: The New Zealand e-SBINZ trials', BMC Public Health, 10 1-7 (2010) [C1]
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2009 |
Chikritzhs TN, Dietze PM, Allsop SJ, Daube MM, Hall WD, Kypri K, 'The 'alcopops' tax: Heading in the right direction', Medical Journal of Australia, 190 294-295 (2009) [C3]
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2009 |
McCambridge J, Kypri K, 'The price of alcohol and the value of the ceteris paribus assumption', Addiction Research and Theory, 17 580-582 (2009) [C1]
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2009 |
Kypri K, Hallett J, Howat P, McManus A, Maycock B, Bowe SJ, Horton NJ, 'Randomized controlled trial of proactive web-based alcohol screening and brief intervention for university students', Archives of Internal Medicine, 169 1508-1514 (2009) [C1]
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2009 |
Miller PG, Kypri K, Chikritzhs TN, Skov SJ, Rubin G, 'Health experts reject industry-backed funding for alcohol research', Medical Journal of Australia, 190 713-714 (2009) [C3]
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2009 |
McCambridge J, Kypri K, Attia JR, Elbourne D, 'Re: Promoting regular mammography screening I: A systematic assessment of validity in a randomized trial', Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 101 1029-1030 (2009) [C3]
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2009 |
McCambridge J, Kypri K, Elbourne DR, 'A surgical safety checklist', New England Journal of Medicine, 360 2373-2374 (2009) [C3]
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2009 |
Kypri K, Davie G, Langley J, Voas R, Begg D, 'The utility of routinely collected data in evaluating important policy changes: The New Zealand alcohol purchasing age limit example', American Journal of Public Health, 99 1212-1215 (2009) [C1]
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2009 |
Kypri K, Paschall MJ, Langley J, Baxter J, Cashell-Smith M, Bourdeau B, 'Drinking and alcohol-related harm among New Zealand university students: Findings from a national web-based survey', Alcoholism-Clinical and Experimental Research, 33 307-314 (2009) [C1]
|
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2009 |
Miller P, Kypri K, 'Why we will not accept funding from Drinkwise', Drug and Alcohol Review, 28 324-326 (2009) [C3]
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2009 |
Kypri K, Lee N, 'New technologies in the prevention and treatment of substance use problems', Drug and Alcohol Review, 28 1-2 (2009) [C3]
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2009 |
Hallett J, Maycock B, Kypri K, Howat P, McManus A, 'Development of a Web-based alcohol intervention for university students: Processes and challenges', Drug and Alcohol Review, 28 31-39 (2009) [C1]
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2009 |
Foxcroft DR, Kypri K, Simonite V, 'Bayes' Theorem to estimate population prevalence from Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) scores', Addiction, 104 1132-1137 (2009) [C1]
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2009 |
Kypri K, Walsh RA, Sanson-Fisher RW, 'Australian universities' open door policies on alcohol industry research funding', Addiction, 104 1765-1767 (2009) [C3]
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2009 |
Paschall MJ, Grube JW, Kypri K, 'Alcohol control policies and alcohol consumption by youth: A multi-national study', Addiction, 104 1849-1855 (2009) [C1]
|
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2009 |
Kypri K, O'Brien K, Miller P, 'Time for precautionary action on alcohol industry funding of sporting bodies', Addiction, 104 1949-1950 (2009) [C3]
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2009 |
Wolfenden L, Kypri K, Freund MA, Hodder R, 'Obtaining active parental consent for school-based research: A guide for researchers', Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 33 270-275 (2009) [C1]
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2009 |
Hay G, Kypri K, Whigham P, Langley J, 'Potential biases due to geocoding error in spatial analyses of official data', Health and Place, 15 562-567 (2009) [C1]
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2009 |
Hay GC, Whigham PA, Kypri K, Langley JD, 'Neighbourhood deprivation and access to alcohol outlets: A national study', Health and Place, 15 1086-1093 (2009) [C1]
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2008 |
O'Brien KS, Kypri K, 'Alcohol industry sponsorship and hazardous drinking among sportspeople', Addiction, 103 1961-1966 (2008) [C1]
|
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2008 |
Kypri K, Langley JD, Saunders JB, Cashell-Smith ML, Herbison P, 'Randomized controlled trial of Web-based alcohol screening and brief intervention in primary care', Archives of Internal Medicine, 168 530-536 (2008) [C1]
|
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2008 |
Cousins K, Kypri K, 'Alcohol advertising in the New Zealand university student press', Drug and Alcohol Review, 27 566-569 (2008) [C1]
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2008 |
O'Brien KS, Hunter J, Kypri K, Ali A, 'Gender equality in university sportspeople's drinking', Drug and Alcohol Review, 27 659-665 (2008) [C1]
|
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2008 |
Kypri K, Bell ML, Hay GC, Baxter J, 'Alcohol outlet density and university student drinking: A national study', Addiction, 103 1131-1138 (2008) [C1]
|
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2008 |
Langley J, Kypri K, Cryer C, Davie G, 'Assessing the validity of potential alcohol-related non-fatal injury indicators', Addiction, 103 397-404 (2008) [C1]
|
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2007 |
Kypri K, Paschall MJ, Maclennan B, Langley JD, 'Intoxication by drinking location: A web-based diary study in a New Zealand university community', Addictive Behaviors, 32 2586-2596 (2007) [C1]
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2007 |
Kypri K, 'Methodological issues in alcohol screening and brief intervention research: Methodology trial, screening, brief intervention, alcohol, drinking', Substance Abuse, 28 31-42 (2007) [C1]
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2007 |
Kypri K, Dean JI, Stojanovski E, 'Parent attitudes on the supply of alcohol to minors', Drug and Alcohol Review, 26 41-47 (2007) [C1]
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2007 |
Cashell-Smith ML, Connor JL, Kypri K, 'Harmful effects of alcohol on sexual behaviour in a New Zealand university community', Drug and Alcohol Review, 26 645-651 (2007) [C1]
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2007 |
Kypri K, Langley JD, Saunders JB, Cashell-Smith ML, 'Assessment may conceal therapeutic benefit: findings from a randomized controlled trial for hazardous drinking', Addiction, 102 62-70 (2007) [C1]
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2007 |
Karam E, Kypri K, Salamoun M, 'Alcohol use among college students: An international perspective', Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 20 213-221 (2007) [C1]
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2007 |
Kypri K, McManus A, Howat PM, Maycock BR, Hallett JD, Chikritzhs TN, 'Ingredient and nutrition information labelling of alcoholic beverages: Do consumers want it?', Medical Journal of Australia, 187 669 (2007) [C3]
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2006 |
Kypri K, Voas RB, Langley JD, Stephenson SCR, Begg DJ, Tippetts AS, Davie GS, 'Minimum purchasing age for alcohol and traffic crash injuries among 15-to 19-year-olds in New Zealand', American Journal of Public Health, 96 126-131 (2006) [C1]
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2006 |
Paschall MJ, Kypri K, Saltz RF, 'Friday class and heavy alcohol use in a sample of New Zealand college students', Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 67 764-769 (2006) [C1]
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2006 |
Kypri K, Langley J, 'Splitting the alcohol purchase age: gambling with youth health', Drug and Alcohol Review, 25 293-295 (2006) [C3]
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2006 | Langley J, Kypri K, 'More on alcohol and youth. Has the NZMA demonstrated that it is not aa credible source of advice to Parliament?', The New Zealand Medical Journal, 119 1-3 (2006) [C3] | ||||||||||
2006 | Langley J, Kypri K, 'Regarding New Zealand Medical Association's position on the minimum purchase age for alcohol', The New Zealand Medical journal, 119 1-3 (2006) [C3] | ||||||||||
2006 |
Langley J, Kypri K, 'Politics can be deadly', Injury Prevention, 12 69-70 (2006) [C1]
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2006 |
Cunningham JA, Humphreys K, Kypri K, Van Mierlo T, 'Formative evaluation and three-month follow-up of an online personalized assessment feedback intervention for problem drinkers', Journal of Medical Internet Research, 8 Web page (2006) [C1]
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2006 |
Kypri K, Donaldson A, Johnstone E, 'The Physical Inactivity Matrix: Lessons from the classification of physical inactivity interventions', Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 9 98-102 (2006) [C1]
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2006 |
Cunningham JA, Selby PL, Kypri K, Humphreys KN, 'Access to the Internet among drinkers, smokers and illicit drug users: Is it a barrier to the provision of interventions on the World Wide Web?', Medical Informatics and the Internet in Medicine, 31 53-58 (2006) [C1]
|
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2005 |
Kypri K, Langley J, Stephenson S, 'Episode-centred analysis of drinking to intoxication in university students', Alcohol and Alcoholism, 40 447-452 (2005) [C1]
|
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2005 |
Kypri K, McAnally HM, 'Randomized controlled trial of a web-based primary care intervention for multiple health risk behaviors', Preventive Medicine, 41 761-766 (2005) [C1]
|
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2005 |
Kypri K, Dean J, Kirby S, Harris J, Kake T, 'Think before you buy under-18s drink': evaluation of a community alcohol intervention', Drug and Alcohol Review, 24 13-20 (2005) [C1]
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2005 |
Kypri K, Cronin M, Wright CS, 'Do university students drink more hazardously than their non-student peers?', Addiction, 100 713-714 (2005) [C3]
|
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2005 |
Kypri K, Stephenson S, Langley J, Cashell-Smith M, Saunders J, Russell D, 'Computerised Screening for Hazardous Drinking in Primary Care', New Zealand Medical Journal, 118 1-10 (2005) [C1]
|
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2005 |
Kypri K, Sitharthan T, Cunningham JA, Kavanagh DJ, Dean JI, 'Innovative approaches to intervention for problem drinking', Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 18 229-234 (2005) [C1]
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2005 |
Kypri K, Stephenson S, 'Drink-driving and perceptions of legally permissible alcohol use', Traffic Injury Prevention, 6 219-224 (2005) [C1]
|
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2004 |
Kypri K, Stephenson S, Langley J, 'Assessment of Nonresponse Bias in an Internet Survey of Alcohol Use', Alcoholism, 28 630-634 (2004) [C1]
|
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2004 |
Saunders JB, Kypri K, Walters ST, Laforge RG, Larimer ME, 'Approaches to brief intervention for hazardous drinking in young people', Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 28 322-329 (2004) [C1]
|
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2004 |
McAnally HM, Kypri K, 'Alcohol and road safety behaviour among New Zealand tertiary students', International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health, 16 229-237 (2004) [C2]
|
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2004 |
Kypri K, Gallagher SJ, Cashell-Smith ML, 'An Internet-based survey method for college student drinking research', Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 76 45-53 (2004) [C1]
|
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2004 |
Kypri K, Saunders J, Williams SM, McGee RO, Langley JD, Cashell-Smith ML, Gallagher SJ, 'Web-based screening and brief intervention for hazardous drinking: a double-blind randomized controlled trial', Addiction, 99 1410-1417 (2004) [C1]
|
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2004 |
Kypri K, Baxter J, 'Smoking in a Zew Zealand university student sample', Zew Zealand Medical Journal, 117 1-6 (2004) [C1]
|
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2004 |
McGee R, Kypri K, 'Alcohol-related problems experienced by university students in New Zealand', Australian and New Zealan Journal of Public Health, 28 321-323 (2004) [C1]
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Show 234 more journal articles |
Conference (44 outputs)
Year | Citation | Altmetrics | Link | |||||
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2019 | Yuen WS, Chan GCK, Clare PJ, Bruno R, Boland V, Aiken A, et al., 'TRAJECTORIES OF ADOLESCENT ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION: A PROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY', DRUG AND ALCOHOL REVIEW (2019) | |||||||
2016 | Aiken A, Clare P, Slade T, Najman JM, Kypri K, Bruno R, et al., 'A PROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY OF ADOLESCENT ALCOHOL INITIATION AND PROGRESSION TO BINGE DRINKING', DRUG AND ALCOHOL REVIEW (2016) | |||||||
2016 |
Tzelepis F, Paul CL, Wiggers J, Kypri K, Bonevski B, McElduff P, et al., 'A PILOT CLUSTER RANDOMISED TRIAL OF ELECTRONIC FEEDBACK, ONLINE AND TELEPHONE SUPPORT ON MULTIPLE HEALTH BEHAVIOURS AMONG VOCATIONAL EDUCATION STUDENTS', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL MEDICINE (2016)
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2015 | Mattick RP, Wadolowski M, Aiken A, Najman J, Kypri K, Slade T, et al., 'EARLY PARENTAL SUPPLY OF ALCOHOL AND ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION IN MID-ADOLESCENCE: A LONGITUDINAL STUDY', ALCOHOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH, San Antonio, TX (2015) [E3] | |||||||
2015 | Kypri K, Mccambridge J, Vater T, Bowe S, Saunders JB, Cunningham JA, Horton N, 'WEB-BASED INTERVENTION FOR MAORI UNIVERSITY STUDENTS WITH HAZARDOUS DRINKING: DOUBLE-BLIND, MULTI-SITE RANDOMISED CONTROLLED TRIAL', INJURY PREVENTION (2015) | |||||||
2015 |
Kypri K, Mccambridge J, Vater T, Bowe S, Saunders JB, Cunningham JA, Horton N, 'WEB-BASED INTERVENTION FOR MAORI UNIVERSITY STUDENTS WITH HAZARDOUS DRINKING: DOUBLE-BLIND, MULTI-SITE RANDOMISED CONTROLLED TRIAL', INJURY PREVENTION (2015)
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2014 |
Gilligan C, Thompson K, Kypri K, Bourke J, 'EVERYBODY ELSE IS DOING IT? NORM PERCEPTIONS ABOUT THE SUPPLY OF ALCOHOL AMONG PARENTS OF ADOLESCENTS', ALCOHOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH, Bellevue, WA (2014) [E3]
|
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2014 | Wadolowski M, Hutchinson D, Bruno R, Aiken A, Slade T, Najman J, et al., 'PARENTAL SUPPLY OF ALCOHOL: HOW DOES IT PROSPECTIVELY RELATE TO SIPPING AND DRINKING?', DRUG AND ALCOHOL REVIEW (2014) [E3] | |||||||
2013 |
Johnson N, Latter J, Kypri K, 'PREVALENCE OF UNHEALTHY ALCOHOL USE AMONG HOSPITAL OUTPATIENTS', DRUG AND ALCOHOL REVIEW (2013) [E3]
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2012 | McCambridge J, Cunningham J, Kypri K, 'Back to the future: A very brief history of brief interventions', Addiction Science & Clinical Practice, Boston, MA (2012) [E3] | |||||||
2012 |
Hasnat MA, 'Smokeless tobacco consumption in the South Asian population of Sydney, Australia: Prevalence, correlates and availablity', Interprofessional Partnership: Improvement for Global Health Outcomes. Abstracts, Chiang Mai, Thailand (2012) [E3]
|
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2012 |
Maclennan B, Kypri K, Langley J, Room R, 'NON-RESPONSE BIAS IN A COMMUNITY SURVEY OF DRINKING, ALCOHOL-RELATED EXPERIENCES AND PUBLIC OPINION ON ALCOHOL POLICY', INJURY PREVENTION (2012)
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2012 | Aiken A, Wadolowski M, Bucello C, Mattick R, Najman J, Kypri K, et al., 'Context of early adolescent alcohol use: First results from a longitudinal Australian cohort', Drug and Alcohol Review: Abstracts of the Australasian Professional Society on Alcohol and other Drugs Conference 2012, Melbourne, Vic (2012) [E3] | |||||||
2012 | Maclennan B, Kypri K, Room R, Langley J, 'Who supports local government alcohol strategies and why? Survey of New Zealand communities', Drug and Alcohol Review: Abstracts of the Australasian Professional Society on Alcohol and other Drugs Conference 2012, Melbourne, Vic (2012) [E3] | |||||||
2012 |
Johnson NA, Kypri K, 'The Hospital Outpatients Alcohol Project: Developmental research for a large randomised controlled trial', Drug and Alcohol Review: Abstracts of the Australasian Professional Society on Alcohol and other Drugs Conference 2012, Melbourne, Vic (2012) [E3]
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2012 | Kypri K, 'Web-based interventions for unhealthy alcohol use', Drug and Alcohol Review: Abstracts of the Australasian Professional Society on Alcohol and other Drugs Conference 2012, Melbourne, Vic (2012) [E3] | |||||||
2012 | Wadolowski M, Bucello C, Aiken A, Mattick R, Najman J, Kypri K, et al., 'Young and not so drunk: Sipping, drinking and australian adolescents', Drug and Alcohol Review: Abstracts of the Australasian Professional Society on Alcohol and other Drugs Conference 2012, Melbourne, Vic (2012) [E3] | |||||||
2011 |
McCambridge J, Kypri K, Elbourne D, 'In randomisation we trust?: Research reactivity produces bias in behaviour change trials', Abstracts of the 2011 IEA World Congress of Epidemiology, Edinburgh, Scotland (2011) [E3]
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2011 | Connor J, Kypri K, Bell M, Cousins K, 'Aggression between intimate partners in New Zealand: Gender differences and alcohol involvement', Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, Edinburgh (2011) [E3] | |||||||
2009 |
McCambridge J, Kypri K, 'Does simply asking questions change behavior? A systematic review of brief alcohol intervention trial data', Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, San Diego, CA (2009) [E3]
|
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2009 |
Cousins K, Connor J, Kypri K, 'Reducing alcohol-related harm and social disorder in the university setting: A framework for evaluation', KBS 2009 Abstracts, Copenhagen, Denmark (2009) [E3]
|
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2009 |
Kypri K, Jones C, McElduff P, Barker DJ, 'Effects of a restriction in pub trading hours on night-time assaults in an Australian city: Preliminary analyses', KBS 2009 Abstracts, Copenhagen, Denmark (2009) [E3]
|
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2009 |
Paschall M, Grube J, Kypri K, 'Alcohol control policies and alcohol consumption by youth: A multi-national study', KBS 2009 Abstracts, Copenhagen, Denmark (2009) [E3]
|
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2009 | Connor J, Kypri K, Bell M, 'Alcohol outlet density and alcohol-related harm', Australasian Epidemiologist, Dunedin, NZ (2009) [E3] | |||||||
2009 | Connor J, Kypri K, Bell M, 'Alcohol and partner aggression in New Zealand: National survey', Australasian Epidemiologist, Dunedin, NZ (2009) [E3] | |||||||
2009 |
Kypri K, Jones C, McElduff P, Jones C, 'Effects of restricting pub closing times on night-time assaults in an Australian city: Preliminary analyses', Australasian Epidemiologist, Dunedin, NZ (2009) [E3]
|
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2008 | Kypri K, 'Web-based screening and brief intervention (e-SBI) for tertiary student hazardous drinking', 2008 Enhancing Student Success Conference. Program, Ourimbah, NSW (2008) [E3] | |||||||
2008 | Kypri K, Hallett J, Howat P, McManus A, Maycock B, Bowe SJ, Horton N, 'Universal web-based alcohol screening and brief intervention for university students: A randomised controlled trial', Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, Newcastle, NSW (2008) [E3] | |||||||
Show 41 more conferences |
Grants and Funding
Summary
Number of grants | 64 |
---|---|
Total funding | $13,508,409 |
Click on a grant title below to expand the full details for that specific grant.
20191 grants / $5,000
Pilot randomised controlled trial of a telephone delivered intervention for hazardous alcohol use among young people living with severe mental ill-health$5,000
Funding body: Hunter New England Local Health District
Funding body | Hunter New England Local Health District |
---|---|
Project Team | Professor Amanda Baker, Conjoint Associate Professor Richard Clancy, Professor Kypros Kypri, Professor Billie Bonevski, Doctor Kristen McCarter, Conjoint Professor Adrian Dunlop, Professor Amanda Baker, Doctor Emma Griffith, Professor Leanne Hides, Associate Professor Peter Kelly, Mr Chris Oldmeadow, Ms Margarett Terry, Professor Richard Velleman |
Scheme | Research Funds |
Role | Investigator |
Funding Start | 2019 |
Funding Finish | 2019 |
GNo | G1900909 |
Type Of Funding | C2210 - Aust StateTerritoryLocal - Own Purpose |
Category | 2210 |
UON | Y |
20184 grants / $2,310,913
Parental supply of alcohol to children: Associations with early adult health –“binge” drinking, alcohol-related harms, aggression, and alcohol use disorders$1,127,690
Funding body: NHMRC (National Health & Medical Research Council)
Funding body | NHMRC (National Health & Medical Research Council) |
---|---|
Project Team | Mattick R, Kypri K, Horwood J, Bruno R, McCambridge J, Peacock A, Wodalowski M, Najman J. |
Scheme | Project Grant |
Role | Investigator |
Funding Start | 2018 |
Funding Finish | 2022 |
GNo | |
Type Of Funding | Aust Competitive - Commonwealth |
Category | 1CS |
UON | N |
Shaping public policy: Mixed Methods Study of Alcohol, Tobacco, Gambling and Food Industry Points of Influence with Policy Makers$825,000
Funding body: Marsden Fund, Royal Society of New Zealand
Funding body | Marsden Fund, Royal Society of New Zealand |
---|---|
Project Team | Adams P, Kypri K, Swinburne B, McCambridge J, Collin J |
Scheme | Marsden Fund |
Role | Investigator |
Funding Start | 2018 |
Funding Finish | 2021 |
GNo | |
Type Of Funding | International - Competitive |
Category | 3IFA |
UON | N |
Promoting responsible drinking practices to drinkers to reduce the risk of alcohol-related harm$271,476
Funding body: NHMRC (National Health & Medical Research Council)
Funding body | NHMRC (National Health & Medical Research Council) |
---|---|
Project Team | Pettigrew S, Miller P, Kypri K, Chikritzhs T, Jongenelis M, Brennan E, Hasking P |
Scheme | Project Grant |
Role | Investigator |
Funding Start | 2018 |
Funding Finish | 2020 |
GNo | |
Type Of Funding | Aust Competitive - Commonwealth |
Category | 1CS |
UON | N |
Pilot randomised controlled trial of a telephone delivered intervention for hazardous alcohol use among young people living with severe mental ill-health $86,747
Funding body: Australian Rotary Health
Funding body | Australian Rotary Health |
---|---|
Project Team | Professor Amanda Baker, Associate Professor Peter Kelly, Professor Leanne Hides, Professor Kypros Kypri, Conjoint Associate Professor Richard Clancy, Ms Margarett Terry, Professor Billie Bonevski, Doctor Christopher Oldmeadow, Conjoint Professor Adrian Dunlop, Doctor Kristen McCarter, Doctor Emma Griffith, Professor Richard Velleman |
Scheme | Mental Health Research Grant |
Role | Investigator |
Funding Start | 2018 |
Funding Finish | 2019 |
GNo | G1700922 |
Type Of Funding | Aust Competitive - Non Commonwealth |
Category | 1NS |
UON | Y |
20171 grants / $651,986
A cluster randomised trial of electronic feedback, online and telephone support on multiple health risk behaviours among Technical and Further Education (TAFE) students$651,986
Funding body: NHMRC (National Health & Medical Research Council)
Funding body | NHMRC (National Health & Medical Research Council) |
---|---|
Project Team | Associate Professor Flora Tzelepis, Professor Christine Paul, Professor John Wiggers, Professor Kypros Kypri, Professor Philip Morgan, Associate Professor Marita Lynagh, Doctor Libby Campbell, Ms Kathryn Chapman |
Scheme | Project Grant |
Role | Investigator |
Funding Start | 2017 |
Funding Finish | 2019 |
GNo | G1600256 |
Type Of Funding | Aust Competitive - Commonwealth |
Category | 1CS |
UON | Y |
20161 grants / $29,117
Full economic costing of alcohol-related assault in the Sydney and Kings Cross entertainment precincts.$29,117
Funding body: Foundation for Alcohol Research and Education
Funding body | Foundation for Alcohol Research and Education |
---|---|
Project Team | Professor Kypros Kypri |
Scheme | Research Grant |
Role | Lead |
Funding Start | 2016 |
Funding Finish | 2017 |
GNo | G1601548 |
Type Of Funding | C3112 - Aust Not for profit |
Category | 3112 |
UON | Y |
20156 grants / $893,627
Does risk-based licensing of alcohol sales reduce alcohol-related harm?$457,200
Funding body: ARC (Australian Research Council)
Funding body | ARC (Australian Research Council) |
---|---|
Project Team | Associate Professor Peter Miller |
Scheme | Discovery Projects |
Role | Investigator |
Funding Start | 2015 |
Funding Finish | 2017 |
GNo | |
Type Of Funding | Aust Competitive - Commonwealth |
Category | 1CS |
UON | N |
Impacts of parental supply of alcohol on late-adolescent alcohol outcomes: Phase II of a longitudinal cohort$170,000
Funding body: Australian Rotary Health
Funding body | Australian Rotary Health |
---|---|
Project Team | Professor Richard Mattick |
Scheme | Mental Health Research Grant |
Role | Investigator |
Funding Start | 2015 |
Funding Finish | 2017 |
GNo | |
Type Of Funding | Aust Competitive - Non Commonwealth |
Category | 1NS |
UON | N |
Pub extended trading hours: effects on drunkenness and alcohol-related harm$148,880
Funding body: Healthway: Western Australian Health Promotion Foundation
Funding body | Healthway: Western Australian Health Promotion Foundation |
---|---|
Project Team | Professor Tanya Chikritzhs |
Scheme | Project Grant |
Role | Investigator |
Funding Start | 2015 |
Funding Finish | 2016 |
GNo | |
Type Of Funding | Aust Competitive - Non Commonwealth |
Category | 1NS |
UON | N |
Does risk-based licensing of alcohol sales reduce alcohol-related harm?$77,547
Funding body: ARC (Australian Research Council)
Funding body | ARC (Australian Research Council) |
---|---|
Project Team | Professor Kypros Kypri, Associate Professor Peter Miller, Professor Tanya Chikritzhs, Professor Kathryn Graham |
Scheme | Discovery Projects |
Role | Lead |
Funding Start | 2015 |
Funding Finish | 2017 |
GNo | G1500109 |
Type Of Funding | Aust Competitive - Commonwealth |
Category | 1CS |
UON | Y |
Use the PSALS cohort to identify predictors of adolescent risk drinking to examine potentially modifiable parent factors in the pathway to the initiation of risky drinking$39,000
Funding body: Australian Rechabite Foundation
Funding body | Australian Rechabite Foundation |
---|---|
Project Team | Professor Kypros Kypri, Mrs Sonia Sharmin |
Scheme | Scholarship |
Role | Lead |
Funding Start | 2015 |
Funding Finish | 2017 |
GNo | G1500777 |
Type Of Funding | C3112 - Aust Not for profit |
Category | 3112 |
UON | Y |
12th Australasian Injury Prevention & Safety Promotion Conference, Sydney 25-27 November$1,000
Funding body: University of Newcastle - Faculty of Health and Medicine
Funding body | University of Newcastle - Faculty of Health and Medicine |
---|---|
Project Team | Professor Kypros Kypri |
Scheme | Travel Grant |
Role | Lead |
Funding Start | 2015 |
Funding Finish | 2015 |
GNo | G1500946 |
Type Of Funding | Internal |
Category | INTE |
UON | Y |
20142 grants / $1,192,021
Evaluation of New Zealand's alcohol reform legislation$1,190,021
Funding body: Health Research Council of New Zealand
Funding body | Health Research Council of New Zealand |
---|---|
Project Team | Dr Brett Maclennan |
Scheme | Project Grant |
Role | Investigator |
Funding Start | 2014 |
Funding Finish | 2018 |
GNo | |
Type Of Funding | International - Competitive |
Category | 3IFA |
UON | N |
40th Annual Alcohol Epidemiology Symposium of the Kettil Bruun Society, Torino Italy, 7-13 June 2014$2,000
Funding body: University of Newcastle - Faculty of Health and Medicine
Funding body | University of Newcastle - Faculty of Health and Medicine |
---|---|
Project Team | Professor Kypros Kypri |
Scheme | Travel Grant |
Role | Lead |
Funding Start | 2014 |
Funding Finish | 2014 |
GNo | G1400380 |
Type Of Funding | Internal |
Category | INTE |
UON | Y |
20134 grants / $1,027,081
Reducing the burden of disease due to hazardous alcohol consumption: Methodological, Aetiological, and Intervention studies$830,112
Funding body: NHMRC (National Health & Medical Research Council)
Funding body | NHMRC (National Health & Medical Research Council) |
---|---|
Project Team | Professor Kypros Kypri |
Scheme | Research Fellowships |
Role | Lead |
Funding Start | 2013 |
Funding Finish | 2018 |
GNo | G1200045 |
Type Of Funding | Aust Competitive - Commonwealth |
Category | 1CS |
UON | Y |
Corporate political activity of tobacco, alcohol and gambling companies in Australia$150,000
Funding body: ARC (Australian Research Council)
Funding body | ARC (Australian Research Council) |
---|---|
Project Team | Associate Professor Peter Miller |
Scheme | Linkage Projects |
Role | Investigator |
Funding Start | 2013 |
Funding Finish | 2015 |
GNo | |
Type Of Funding | Aust Competitive - Commonwealth |
Category | 1CS |
UON | N |
Young people, drinking, and the parental supply of alcohol: a longitudinal cohort study$44,969
Funding body: Australian Rotary Health
Funding body | Australian Rotary Health |
---|---|
Project Team | Professor Richard Mattick |
Scheme | Mental Health Research Grant |
Role | Investigator |
Funding Start | 2013 |
Funding Finish | 2013 |
GNo | |
Type Of Funding | Aust Competitive - Non Commonwealth |
Category | 1NS |
UON | N |
39th Annual Alcohol Epidemiology Symposium of the Kettil Bruun Society, Kampala, Uganda, 2 - 7 June 2013$2,000
Funding body: University of Newcastle - Faculty of Health and Medicine
Funding body | University of Newcastle - Faculty of Health and Medicine |
---|---|
Project Team | Professor Kypros Kypri |
Scheme | Travel Grant |
Role | Lead |
Funding Start | 2013 |
Funding Finish | 2013 |
GNo | G1300348 |
Type Of Funding | Internal |
Category | INTE |
UON | Y |
20126 grants / $744,829
Double blind randomised controlled trial of electronic alcohol screening and brief intervention (e-SBI) for hospital outpatients$370,169
Funding body: NHMRC (National Health & Medical Research Council)
Funding body | NHMRC (National Health & Medical Research Council) |
---|---|
Project Team | Professor Kypros Kypri, Doctor Natalie Johnson, Professor John Saunders, Professor John Attia, Professor Richard Saitz |
Scheme | Project Grant |
Role | Lead |
Funding Start | 2012 |
Funding Finish | 2015 |
GNo | G1100111 |
Type Of Funding | Aust Competitive - Commonwealth |
Category | 1CS |
UON | Y |
Effects of lowering the minimum alcohol purchasing age on traffic crash injury and assault rates$264,911
Funding body: Health Research Council of New Zealand
Funding body | Health Research Council of New Zealand |
---|---|
Scheme | Project Grant |
Role | Lead |
Funding Start | 2012 |
Funding Finish | 2014 |
GNo | |
Type Of Funding | International - Competitive |
Category | 3IFA |
UON | N |
Alcohol advertising and sponsorship in Australian sport: associations with implicit (unconscious) and explicit alcohol attitudes and drinking behaviours$80,000
Funding body: ANPHA (Australian National Preventive Health Agency)
Funding body | ANPHA (Australian National Preventive Health Agency) |
---|---|
Project Team | Associate Professor Kerry O’Brien |
Scheme | Preventive Health Research Grant |
Role | Investigator |
Funding Start | 2012 |
Funding Finish | 2013 |
GNo | |
Type Of Funding | Aust Competitive - Commonwealth |
Category | 1CS |
UON | N |
National Tertiary Student Health Survey 2013$15,000
Funding body: University of Otago
Funding body | University of Otago |
---|---|
Project Team | Professor Jennie Connor |
Scheme | Deans Bequest Fund |
Role | Investigator |
Funding Start | 2012 |
Funding Finish | 2013 |
GNo | |
Type Of Funding | International - Competitive |
Category | 3IFA |
UON | N |
Parental norms regarding adolescent alcohol consumption and supply $12,749
Funding body: Australian Rechabite Foundation
Funding body | Australian Rechabite Foundation |
---|---|
Project Team | Associate Professor Conor Gilligan, Professor Kypros Kypri |
Scheme | Small Grant |
Role | Investigator |
Funding Start | 2012 |
Funding Finish | 2012 |
GNo | G1200492 |
Type Of Funding | Grant - Aust Non Government |
Category | 3AFG |
UON | Y |
Population health Congress, Adelaide, 10 - 12 September 2012$2,000
Funding body: University of Newcastle - Faculty of Health and Medicine
Funding body | University of Newcastle - Faculty of Health and Medicine |
---|---|
Project Team | Professor Kypros Kypri |
Scheme | Travel Grant |
Role | Lead |
Funding Start | 2012 |
Funding Finish | 2013 |
GNo | G1200795 |
Type Of Funding | Internal |
Category | INTE |
UON | Y |
20114 grants / $1,080,264
Implementing web-based screening and brief intervention for marijuana use in college student health centers$704,000
Funding body: National Institute for Drug Abuse
Funding body | National Institute for Drug Abuse |
---|---|
Project Team | Tibor P. A. Palfai, PhD |
Scheme | Research consultancy |
Role | Investigator |
Funding Start | 2011 |
Funding Finish | 2013 |
GNo | |
Type Of Funding | International - Competitive |
Category | 3IFA |
UON | N |
Patterns of alcohol and other substance use in Sao Paulo nightclubs: epidemiology, ethnography and intervention$300,000
Funding body: Sao Paulo State Foundation for Scientific Development and National Council of Science and Technology
Funding body | Sao Paulo State Foundation for Scientific Development and National Council of Science and Technology |
---|---|
Project Team | Zila M Sanchez |
Scheme | Research consultancy |
Role | Investigator |
Funding Start | 2011 |
Funding Finish | 2016 |
GNo | |
Type Of Funding | International - Competitive |
Category | 3IFA |
UON | N |
Young people, drinking, and the parental supply of alcohol: a longitudinal cohort study$74,864
Funding body: Australian Rotary Health
Funding body | Australian Rotary Health |
---|---|
Project Team | Professor Richard Mattick |
Scheme | Mental Health Research Grant |
Role | Investigator |
Funding Start | 2011 |
Funding Finish | 2011 |
GNo | |
Type Of Funding | Aust Competitive - Non Commonwealth |
Category | 1NS |
UON | N |
Australasian Society for Psychiatric Research Conference, Dunedin NZ, 5-8th December 2011$1,400
Funding body: University of Newcastle - Faculty of Health and Medicine
Funding body | University of Newcastle - Faculty of Health and Medicine |
---|---|
Project Team | Professor Kypros Kypri |
Scheme | Travel Grant |
Role | Lead |
Funding Start | 2011 |
Funding Finish | 2011 |
GNo | G1100948 |
Type Of Funding | Internal |
Category | INTE |
UON | Y |
20105 grants / $979,330
Can parents teach their children to drink alcohol responsibly? Or, is one drop a drop too many?$760,000
Funding body: ARC (Australian Research Council)
Funding body | ARC (Australian Research Council) |
---|---|
Project Team | Professor Richard Mattick |
Scheme | Discovery Projects |
Role | Investigator |
Funding Start | 2010 |
Funding Finish | 2014 |
GNo | |
Type Of Funding | Aust Competitive - Commonwealth |
Category | 1CS |
UON | N |
Experimental Studies of the Effects of the Research Process on Participant Behaviour$178,000
Funding body: ARC (Australian Research Council)
Funding body | ARC (Australian Research Council) |
---|---|
Project Team | Professor Kypros Kypri, Dr Jim McCambridge, Professor John Attia, Mr Steven Bowe |
Scheme | Discovery Projects |
Role | Lead |
Funding Start | 2010 |
Funding Finish | 2012 |
GNo | G0190025 |
Type Of Funding | Aust Competitive - Commonwealth |
Category | 1CS |
UON | Y |
Sources of alcohol for teenage binge drinking$38,330
Funding body: Foundation for Alcohol Research and Education
Funding body | Foundation for Alcohol Research and Education |
---|---|
Project Team | Associate Professor Conor Gilligan, Professor Kypros Kypri, Doctor Natalie Johnson, Associate Professor Marita Lynagh |
Scheme | Research Grant |
Role | Investigator |
Funding Start | 2010 |
Funding Finish | 2010 |
GNo | G0190209 |
Type Of Funding | Grant - Aust Non Government |
Category | 3AFG |
UON | Y |
2009 FH Award for Research Excellence$2,000
Funding body: University of Newcastle
Funding body | University of Newcastle |
---|---|
Project Team | Professor Kypros Kypri |
Scheme | Award for Research Excellence |
Role | Lead |
Funding Start | 2010 |
Funding Finish | 2010 |
GNo | G1000401 |
Type Of Funding | Internal |
Category | INTE |
UON | Y |
KBS Alcohol and Violence Conference, Vic Health, Melbourne, 15 - 19 march 2010$1,000
Funding body: University of Newcastle - Faculty of Health and Medicine
Funding body | University of Newcastle - Faculty of Health and Medicine |
---|---|
Project Team | Professor Kypros Kypri |
Scheme | Travel Grant |
Role | Lead |
Funding Start | 2010 |
Funding Finish | 2011 |
GNo | G1000169 |
Type Of Funding | Internal |
Category | INTE |
UON | Y |
20097 grants / $1,093,648
National trial of proactive web-based alcohol screening and brief intervention for university students$392,892
Funding body: Alcohol Advisory Council of New Zealand
Funding body | Alcohol Advisory Council of New Zealand |
---|---|
Scheme | Research contract |
Role | Lead |
Funding Start | 2009 |
Funding Finish | 2011 |
GNo | |
Type Of Funding | International - Non Competitive |
Category | 3IFB |
UON | N |
Reducing the injury and disease burden attributable to alcohol: methodological, aetiological and intervention studies$370,000
Funding body: NHMRC (National Health & Medical Research Council)
Funding body | NHMRC (National Health & Medical Research Council) |
---|---|
Project Team | Professor Kypros Kypri |
Scheme | Career Development Fellowships |
Role | Lead |
Funding Start | 2009 |
Funding Finish | 2012 |
GNo | G0188568 |
Type Of Funding | Aust Competitive - Commonwealth |
Category | 1CS |
UON | Y |
Health Behaviour Research Centre (HBRC)$267,361
Funding body: University of Newcastle
Funding body | University of Newcastle |
---|---|
Project Team | Laureate Professor Robert Sanson-Fisher, Conjoint Professor Afaf Girgis, Professor John Wiggers, Conjoint Professor Alison Jones, Conjoint Professor David Durrheim, Professor Christine Paul, Professor Erica James, Professor Billie Bonevski, Conjoint Associate Professor Andrew Bell, Doctor Allison Boyes, Professor Kypros Kypri, Conjoint Professor Cate d'Este, Professor John Attia, Professor Luke Wolfenden, Doctor Frank Tuyl, Ms Lyn Francis, Doctor Megan Freund, Dr Claire Johnson, Doctor Josephine Gwynn, Professor Jennifer Bowman, Associate Professor Sue Outram, Associate Professor Marita Lynagh, Doctor Natalie Johnson, Associate Professor Conor Gilligan, Conjoint Professor David Sibbritt, Aprof EDOUARD Tursan D'Espaignet, Doctor Libby Campbell |
Scheme | Priority Research Centre |
Role | Investigator |
Funding Start | 2009 |
Funding Finish | 2012 |
GNo | G0189877 |
Type Of Funding | Internal |
Category | INTE |
UON | Y |
Injury Prevention Research - Co-ordination of alcohol research$27,040
Funding body: University of Otago
Funding body | University of Otago |
---|---|
Project Team | Professor Kypros Kypri |
Scheme | Consultancy |
Role | Lead |
Funding Start | 2009 |
Funding Finish | 2010 |
GNo | G0190540 |
Type Of Funding | International - Non Competitive |
Category | 3IFB |
UON | Y |
Alcohol outlet accessibility, area deprivation, and adult drinking patterns$21,464
Funding body: The Department of Internal Affairs Lottery grants
Funding body | The Department of Internal Affairs Lottery grants |
---|---|
Scheme | Lottery Health Research grants |
Role | Lead |
Funding Start | 2009 |
Funding Finish | 2010 |
GNo | |
Type Of Funding | International - Competitive |
Category | 3IFA |
UON | N |
Modification and piloting of a web-based electronic screening and brief intervention (e-SBI) to reduce unhealthy drinking among hospital outpatients$12,391
Funding body: Foundation for Alcohol Research and Education
Funding body | Foundation for Alcohol Research and Education |
---|---|
Project Team | Doctor Natalie Johnson, Professor Kypros Kypri |
Scheme | Innovative Project Grant |
Role | Investigator |
Funding Start | 2009 |
Funding Finish | 2009 |
GNo | G0190229 |
Type Of Funding | Grant - Aust Non Government |
Category | 3AFG |
UON | Y |
Research Society on Alcoholism, San Diego USA, 20-24 June 09$2,500
Funding body: University of Newcastle - Faculty of Health and Medicine
Funding body | University of Newcastle - Faculty of Health and Medicine |
---|---|
Project Team | Professor Kypros Kypri |
Scheme | Travel Grant |
Role | Lead |
Funding Start | 2009 |
Funding Finish | 2009 |
GNo | G0189951 |
Type Of Funding | Internal |
Category | INTE |
UON | Y |
20085 grants / $124,300
Evaluation of the Campus Watch community intervention$72,300
Funding body: National Drug Policy Discretionary Fund
Funding body | National Drug Policy Discretionary Fund |
---|---|
Project Team | Jennie Connor |
Scheme | Project grants |
Role | Investigator |
Funding Start | 2008 |
Funding Finish | 2009 |
GNo | |
Type Of Funding | International - Competitive |
Category | 3IFA |
UON | N |
Gender and Alcohol: An International Study$35,000
Funding body: Alcohol Advisory Council of New Zealand
Funding body | Alcohol Advisory Council of New Zealand |
---|---|
Project Team | Professor Jennie Connor |
Scheme | Bequest Funds |
Role | Investigator |
Funding Start | 2008 |
Funding Finish | 2009 |
GNo | |
Type Of Funding | International - Non Competitive |
Category | 3IFB |
UON | N |
Investigation of performance biases in clinical trials of health behaviour interventions$9,500
Funding body: Australian Academy of Science
Funding body | Australian Academy of Science |
---|---|
Scheme | Scientific Visits to Europe |
Role | Lead |
Funding Start | 2008 |
Funding Finish | 2009 |
GNo | |
Type Of Funding | Aust Competitive - Commonwealth |
Category | 1CS |
UON | N |
Adaptation of an Australian e-SBI program for use in US Veterans Affairs hospitals$5,000
Funding body: VA Hospital Puget Sound
Funding body | VA Hospital Puget Sound |
---|---|
Project Team | Dr Katharine Bradley |
Scheme | Research consultancy |
Role | Investigator |
Funding Start | 2008 |
Funding Finish | 2008 |
GNo | |
Type Of Funding | International - Non Competitive |
Category | 3IFB |
UON | N |
The 34th Annual Alcohol Epidemiology Symposium of the Kettil Bruun Society, Victoria, BC, Canada, 2/6/2008 - 6/6/2008$2,500
Funding body: University of Newcastle
Funding body | University of Newcastle |
---|---|
Project Team | Professor Kypros Kypri |
Scheme | Travel Grant |
Role | Lead |
Funding Start | 2008 |
Funding Finish | 2008 |
GNo | G0188571 |
Type Of Funding | Internal |
Category | INTE |
UON | Y |
20072 grants / $21,382
Liquor industry sponsorship at Australian Universities$18,882
Funding body: Hunter Medical Research Institute
Funding body | Hunter Medical Research Institute |
---|---|
Project Team | Professor Kypros Kypri, Laureate Professor Robert Sanson-Fisher |
Scheme | Project Grant |
Role | Lead |
Funding Start | 2007 |
Funding Finish | 2007 |
GNo | G0187245 |
Type Of Funding | Contract - Aust Non Government |
Category | 3AFC |
UON | Y |
Joint Scientific Meetings of the Australasian Epidemiological Association, Hotel Grand Chancellor, Hobart Tasmania, 27/8/2007- 29/8/2007$2,500
Funding body: University of Newcastle
Funding body | University of Newcastle |
---|---|
Project Team | Professor Kypros Kypri |
Scheme | Travel Grant |
Role | Lead |
Funding Start | 2007 |
Funding Finish | 2007 |
GNo | G0188047 |
Type Of Funding | Internal |
Category | INTE |
UON | Y |
20063 grants / $372,500
Web-based alcohol and tobacco intervention$314,000
Funding body: Healthway: Western Australian Health Promotion Foundation
Funding body | Healthway: Western Australian Health Promotion Foundation |
---|---|
Project Team | Professor Peter Howat |
Scheme | Project Grant |
Role | Investigator |
Funding Start | 2006 |
Funding Finish | 2008 |
GNo | |
Type Of Funding | Aust Competitive - Non Commonwealth |
Category | 1NS |
UON | N |
Gender, drinking patterns and alcohol-related harm$50,000
Funding body: University of Otago
Funding body | University of Otago |
---|---|
Project Team | Professor Jennie Connor |
Scheme | Research Grant |
Role | Investigator |
Funding Start | 2006 |
Funding Finish | 2007 |
GNo | |
Type Of Funding | International - Competitive |
Category | 3IFA |
UON | N |
Alcohol industry sponsorship of sport: Estimates of prevalence and association with drinking levels$8,500
Funding body: Maurice and Phyllis Paykal Trust
Funding body | Maurice and Phyllis Paykal Trust |
---|---|
Project Team | Associate Professor Kerry O’Brien |
Scheme | Project grant |
Role | Investigator |
Funding Start | 2006 |
Funding Finish | 2007 |
GNo | |
Type Of Funding | International - Competitive |
Category | 3IFA |
UON | N |
20053 grants / $178,400
Geospatial aspects of alcohol-related harm in New Zealand$150,000
Funding body: University of Otago
Funding body | University of Otago |
---|---|
Project Team | Professor John Langley |
Scheme | Dunedin School of Medicine Distinguished Researcher Fund |
Role | Investigator |
Funding Start | 2005 |
Funding Finish | 2007 |
GNo | |
Type Of Funding | International - Competitive |
Category | 3IFA |
UON | N |
Delivery of electronic screening and brief intervention in primary care$20,400
Funding body: Student Health Service, University of Otago: Ministry of Health
Funding body | Student Health Service, University of Otago: Ministry of Health |
---|---|
Scheme | Research consultancy |
Role | Lead |
Funding Start | 2005 |
Funding Finish | 2007 |
GNo | |
Type Of Funding | International - Non Competitive |
Category | 3IFB |
UON | N |
Parent Attitudes to Alcohol Supply and Provision$8,000
Funding body: Alcohol Advisory Council of New Zealand
Funding body | Alcohol Advisory Council of New Zealand |
---|---|
Scheme | Project grant |
Role | Lead |
Funding Start | 2005 |
Funding Finish | 2006 |
GNo | |
Type Of Funding | International - Non Competitive |
Category | 3IFB |
UON | N |
20042 grants / $1,185,000
Modifiable environmental determinants of hazardous drinking$932,000
Funding body: Health Research Council of New Zealand and Alcohol Advisory Council of New Zealand
Funding body | Health Research Council of New Zealand and Alcohol Advisory Council of New Zealand |
---|---|
Scheme | Project Grant |
Role | Lead |
Funding Start | 2004 |
Funding Finish | 2007 |
GNo | |
Type Of Funding | International - Competitive |
Category | 3IFA |
UON | N |
Evaluation of the 1999 reduction in the New Zealand drinking age$253,000
Funding body: National Institute for Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
Funding body | National Institute for Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism |
---|---|
Project Team | Robert Voas, Ph.D |
Scheme | Project Grant |
Role | Investigator |
Funding Start | 2004 |
Funding Finish | 2006 |
GNo | |
Type Of Funding | International - Competitive |
Category | 3IFA |
UON | N |
20033 grants / $965,000
Enhanced Alcohol Intelligence Project$940,000
Funding body: New Zealand Police
Funding body | New Zealand Police |
---|---|
Project Team | Professor John Wiggers |
Scheme | Contract |
Role | Investigator |
Funding Start | 2003 |
Funding Finish | 2006 |
GNo | |
Type Of Funding | International - Non Competitive |
Category | 3IFB |
UON | N |
Computerised assessment and personalised feedback to enhance preventive healthcare$15,000
Funding body: National Heart Foundation of New Zealand
Funding body | National Heart Foundation of New Zealand |
---|---|
Scheme | Project grant |
Role | Lead |
Funding Start | 2003 |
Funding Finish | 2003 |
GNo | |
Type Of Funding | International - Competitive |
Category | 3IFA |
UON | N |
Alcohol control policies at local government level in New Zealand$10,000
Funding body: Dunedin City Council in collaboration with WHO Health Development Centre, Kobe, Japan
Funding body | Dunedin City Council in collaboration with WHO Health Development Centre, Kobe, Japan |
---|---|
Scheme | Contract |
Role | Lead |
Funding Start | 2003 |
Funding Finish | 2003 |
GNo | |
Type Of Funding | International - Non Competitive |
Category | 3IFB |
UON | N |
20012 grants / $603,000
Hazardous Drinking Project$576,000
Funding body: Health Research Council of New Zealand and Alcohol Advisory Council of New Zealand
Funding body | Health Research Council of New Zealand and Alcohol Advisory Council of New Zealand |
---|---|
Scheme | Project Grant |
Role | Lead |
Funding Start | 2001 |
Funding Finish | 2004 |
GNo | |
Type Of Funding | International - Competitive |
Category | 3IFA |
UON | N |
Should You Supply Campaign Evaluation$27,000
Funding body: Alcohol Advisory Council of New Zealand
Funding body | Alcohol Advisory Council of New Zealand |
---|---|
Scheme | Contract |
Role | Lead |
Funding Start | 2001 |
Funding Finish | 2003 |
GNo | |
Type Of Funding | International - Non Competitive |
Category | 3IFB |
UON | N |
20002 grants / $17,000
Early intervention for young hazardous drinkers: Preliminary investigations$12,000
Funding body: Health Research Council of New Zealand and Alcohol Advisory Council of New Zealand
Funding body | Health Research Council of New Zealand and Alcohol Advisory Council of New Zealand |
---|---|
Scheme | Project Grant |
Role | Lead |
Funding Start | 2000 |
Funding Finish | 2000 |
GNo | |
Type Of Funding | International - Competitive |
Category | 3IFA |
UON | N |
Tertiary student drinking behaviours and attitudes toward alcohol$5,000
Funding body: University of Otago
Funding body | University of Otago |
---|---|
Project Team | Professor Rob McGee |
Scheme | Deans Bequest Fund |
Role | Investigator |
Funding Start | 2000 |
Funding Finish | 2001 |
GNo | |
Type Of Funding | International - Competitive |
Category | 3IFA |
UON | N |
1 grants / $34,011
Does electronic screening and brief intervention (e-SBI) increase uptake of referrals for further specialist care among non-treatment seeking hospital outpatients identified as possibly alcohol depend$34,011
Funding body: Health Administration Corporation
Funding body | Health Administration Corporation |
---|---|
Project Team | Professor Kypros Kypri, Doctor Natalie Johnson, Professor Adrian Dunlop, Ms Amanda Brown |
Scheme | Research Grant |
Role | Lead |
Funding Start | |
Funding Finish | |
GNo | G1300040 |
Type Of Funding | Other Public Sector - State |
Category | 2OPS |
UON | Y |
Research Supervision
Number of supervisions
Current Supervision
Commenced | Level of Study | Research Title | Program | Supervisor Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
2019 | PhD |
Connecting Spaces project – title to be determined <p>PhD Scholarship funded from</p><p><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;">Adams P, <strong>Kypri K</strong>, Swinburne B, McCambridge J, Collin J. <em>Shaping public policy:</em></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;"> </span><em><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;">Mixed Methods Study of Alcohol, Tobacco, Gambling and Food Industry Points of Influence with Policy Makers</span></em><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;">. Marsden Fund (Administered by the Royal Society of New Zealand) Project Grant (17-UOA-323), 2018-2020 </span></p> |
Public Health, Auckland University | Co-Supervisor |
2018 | PhD |
Alcohol and food industry coalitions in lobbying against regulatory reform <p>PhD scholarship funded through: </p><p><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;">Adams P, <strong>Kypri K</strong>, Swinburne B, McCambridge J, Collin J. <em>Shaping public policy:</em></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;"> </span><em><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;">Mixed Methods Study of Alcohol, Tobacco, Gambling and Food Industry Points of Influence with Policy Makers</span></em><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;">. Marsden Fund (Administered by the Royal Society of New Zealand) Project Grant (17-UOA-323), 2018-2020</span></p> |
Public Health, The University of Auckland | Co-Supervisor |
2017 | PhD | Alcohol industry and health advocates’ use of research evidence in submissions to government | Public Health, Curtin University | Co-Supervisor |
2015 | PhD |
Alcohol consumption and related harm among indigenous Australian university students Peter Malouf |
Public Health, James Cook University | Co-Supervisor |
2015 | PhD |
The nature and extent of alcohol advertising and availability in Children's environments Tim Chambers |
Public Health, University of Otago | Co-Supervisor |
Past Supervision
Year | Level of Study | Research Title | Program | Supervisor Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
2014 | Masters |
Psychological distress and alcohol consumption among university students Gwen Doran |
Public Health, University of Otago | Co-Supervisor |
2014 | Masters |
Psychiatric diagnoses and service needs among users of a national drop-in service Peita Harper |
Psychology, The University of Newcastle | Principal Supervisor |
2014 | Professional Doctorate |
Alcohol service laws in Thimphu, Bhutan: Outlet intervention trial Gampo Dorji |
Public Health, Boston University | Co-Supervisor |
2014 | PhD |
Reducing Alcohol Consumption Among Undergraduate Students via an Internet Intervention Jonathan Hallett |
Public Health, Curtin University | Co-Supervisor |
2013 | PhD |
Effectiveness of a community program to reduce alcohol related disorder Kim Cousins |
Public Health, University of Otago | Co-Supervisor |
2012 | Professional Doctorate |
Mental health in Australian university students: Web-based survey David Said |
Psychology, The University of Newcastle | Principal Supervisor |
2010 | PhD |
Local government alcohol policy Brett Maclennan |
Public Health, University of Otago | Principal Supervisor |
2010 | Masters |
Drinking patterns, drinking in partnerships and informal social controls on drinking in New Zealand Jess Meiklejohn |
Public Health, University of Otago | Co-Supervisor |
2005 | Masters |
Residential hall alcohol policies and alcohol-related harm Brett Maclennan |
Public Health, University of Otago | Principal Supervisor |
Research Projects
Hospital Outpatient Alcohol Project (HOAP) 2012 -
Johnson, N. A., K. Kypri, J. B. Saunders, R. Saitz, J. Attia, A. Dunlop, C. Doran, P. McElduff, L. Wolfenden and J. McCambridge (2013). "The Hospital Outpatient Alcohol Project (Hoap): Protocol for an Individually Randomized, Parallel-Group Superiority Trial of Electronic Alcohol Screening and Brief Intervention Versus Screening Alone for Unhealthy Alcohol Use." Addict Sci Clin Pract 8: 14.
BACKGROUND: Electronic screening and brief intervention (e-SBI) is a promising alternative to screening and brief intervention by health-care providers, but its efficacy in the hospital outpatient setting, which serves a large proportion of the population, has not been established. The aim of this study is to estimate the effect of e-SBI in hospital outpatients with hazardous or harmful drinking. METHODS/DESIGN: This randomized controlled trial will be conducted in the outpatient department of a large tertiary referral hospital in Newcastle (population 540,000), Australia. Some 772 adults with appointments at a broad range of medical and surgical outpatient clinics who score 5-9 inclusive on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption (AUDIT-C) subscale will be randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to electronic alcohol screening alone (control) or to e-SBI. As randomization will be effected by computer, researchers and participants (who will be invited to participate in a study of alcohol use over time) will be blinded to group assignment. The primary analysis will be based on the intention-to-treat principle and compare weekly volume (grams of alcohol) and the full AUDIT score with a six-month reference period between the groups six months post randomization. Secondary outcomes, assessed six and 12 months after randomization, will include drinking frequency, typical occasion quantity, proportion who report binge drinking, proportion who report heavy drinking, and health-care utilization. DISCUSSION: If e-SBI is efficacious in outpatient settings, it offers the prospect of systematically and sustainably reaching a large number of hazardous and harmful drinkers, many of whom do not otherwise seek or receive help. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12612000905864.
Johnson, N. A., K. Kypri, J. Latter, P. McElduff, J. B. Saunders, R. Saitz, J. Attia, A. Dunlop, C. Doran, L. Wolfenden and J. McCambridge (2014). "Prevalence of Unhealthy Alcohol Use in Hospital Outpatients." Drug Alcohol Depend 144: 270-273.
BACKGROUND: Few studies have examined the prevalence of unhealthy alcohol use in the hospital outpatient setting. Our aim was to estimate the prevalence of unhealthy alcohol use among patients attending a broad range of outpatient clinics at a large public hospital in Australia. METHODS: Adult hospital outpatients were invited to complete the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test Consumption questions (AUDIT-C) using an iPad as part of a randomised trial testing the efficacy of alcohol electronic screening and brief intervention. Unhealthy alcohol use was defined as an AUDIT-C score >/=5 among men and >/=4 among women. RESULTS: Sixty percent (3616/6070) of invited hospital outpatients consented, of whom 89% (3206/3616) provided information on their alcohol consumption (either reported they had not consumed any alcohol in the last 12 months or completed the AUDIT-C). The prevalence of unhealthy alcohol use was 34.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 33.0-36.3%). The prevalence among men aged 18-24 years, 25-39 years, 40-59 years and 60 years and older, was 74.4% (95% CI: 68.4-80.4%), 54.3% (95% CI: 48.7-59.8%), 44.1% (95% CI: 39.9-48.3%), and 27.0% (95% CI: 23.6-30.4%), respectively (43.1% overall; 95% CI: 40.8-45.5%). The prevalence among women aged 18-24 years, 25-39 years, 40-59 years, and 60 years and older, was 48.6% (95% CI: 39.2-58.1%), 36.9% (95% CI: 31.2-42.6%), 25.2% (95% CI: 21.5-29.0%) and 14.5% (95% CI: 11.7-17.3%), respectively (24.9% overall; 95% CI: 22.7-27.1%). CONCLUSION: A large number of hospital outpatients who are not currently seeking treatment for their drinking could benefit from effective intervention in this setting.
Johnson, N. A., K. Kypri, J. Latter, P. McElduff, J. Attia, R. Saitz, J. B. Saunders, L. Wolfenden, A. Dunlop, C. Doran and J. McCambridge (2015). "Effect of Telephone Follow-up on Retention and Balance in an Alcohol Intervention Trial." Prev Med Rep 2: 746-749.
OBJECTIVES: Telephone follow-up is not currently recommended as a strategy to improve retention in randomized trials. The aims of this study were to estimate the effect of telephone follow-up on retention, identify participant characteristics predictive of questionnaire completion during or after telephone follow-up, and estimate the effect of including participants who provided follow-up data during or after telephone follow-up on balance between randomly allocated groups in a trial estimating the effect of electronic alcohol screening and brief intervention on alcohol consumption in hospital outpatients with hazardous or harmful drinking. METHOD: Trial participants were followed up 6 months after randomization (June-December 2013) using e-mails containing a hyperlink to a web-based questionnaire when possible and by post otherwise. Telephone follow-up was attempted after two written reminders and participants were invited to complete the questionnaire by telephone when contact was made. RESULTS: Retention before telephone follow-up was 62.1% (520/837) and 82.8% (693/837) afterward: an increase of 20.7% (173/837). Therefore, 55% (95% CI 49%-60%) of the 317 participants who had not responded after two written reminders responded during or after the follow-up telephone call. Age < 55 years, a higher AUDIT-C score and provision of a mobile/cell phone number were predictive of questionnaire completion during or after telephone follow-up. Balance between randomly allocated groups was present before and after inclusion of participants who completed the questionnaire during or after telephone follow-up. CONCLUSION: Telephone follow-up improved retention in this randomized trial without affecting balance between the randomly allocated groups.
Effects of lowering the minimum alcohol purchasing age on traffic crash injury and assault rates 2012 - 2015
Kypri, K., G. Davie, P. McElduff, J. Connor and J. Langley (2014). "Effects of Lowering the Minimum Alcohol Purchasing Age on Weekend Assaults Resulting in Hospitalization in New Zealand." Am J Public Health 104(8): 1396-1401.
OBJECTIVES: We estimated the effects on assault rates of lowering the minimum alcohol purchasing age in New Zealand from 20 to 18 years. We hypothesized that the law change would increase assaults among young people aged 18 to 19 years (the target group) and those aged 15 to 17 years via illegal sales or alcohol supplied by older friends or family members. METHODS: Using Poisson regression, we examined weekend assaults resulting in hospitalization from 1995 to 2011. Outcomes were assessed separately by gender among young people aged 15 to 17 years and those aged 18 to 19 years, with those aged 20 and 21 years included as a control group. RESULTS: Relative to young men aged 20 to 21 years, assaults increased significantly among young men aged 18 to 19 years between 1995 and 1999 (the period before the law change), as well as the postchange periods 2003 to 2007 (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 1.21; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.05, 1.39) and 2008 to 2011 (IRR = 1.20; 95% CI = 1.05, 1.37). Among boys aged 15 to 17 years, assaults increased during the postchange periods 1999 to 2003 (IRR = 1.28; 95% CI = 1.10, 1.49) and 2004 to 2007 (IRR = 1.25; 95% CI = 1.08, 1.45). There were no statistically significant effects among girls and young women. CONCLUSIONS: Lowering the minimum alcohol purchasing age increased weekend assaults resulting in hospitalization among young males 15 to 19 years of age.
Kypri, K., G. Davie, P. McElduff, J. Langley and J. Connor (2015). "Effects of Lowering the Alcohol Minimum Purchasing Age on Weekend Hospitalised Assaults of Young Maori in New Zealand." Drug Alcohol Rev 34(3): 299-303.
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: We examine the association between reducing the alcohol minimum purchasing age from 20 to 18 years in December 1999 and rates of weekend assault hospitalisation among young Maori in the following 12 years. Our previous work showed deleterious effects for young people overall. In keeping with Treaty of Waitangi principles, we sought to determine whether the policy was similarly detrimental for Maori. DESIGN AND METHODS: We used Poisson regression to examine data from 1995 to 2011 on Maori hospitalised on Friday-Sunday following assault, separately by gender among 15- to 17-year-olds and 18- to 19-year-olds, versus 20- to 21-year-olds as a control for changes in economic and environmental factors. RESULTS: There was no evidence to suggest weekend assault hospitalisations increased significantly more among 15- to 17-year-old or 18- to 19-year-old Maori males in the post-change periods (incidence rate ratios varied between 0.83 and 1.13; P values >0.25) compared with increases observed in 20- to 21-year-old Maori males. For Maori females, estimates were more variable, but overall, there was no evidence of the hypothesised effect (incidence rate ratios between 0.60 and 1.09; P values >0.07). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Overall, we find no evidence that lowering the minimum alcohol purchasing age increased weekend hospitalised assaults among young Maori. Inferences are compromised by lack of statistical power which underlines the importance of planning for evaluation of important policies well before they are implemented, particularly with a view to meeting obligations to Maori arising from the Treaty of Waitangi.
Kypri, K., G. Davie, P. McElduff, J. Langley and J. Connor (2016). "Long-Term Effects of Lowering the Alcohol Minimum Purchasing Age on Traffic Crash Injury Rates in New Zealand." Drug Alcohol Rev.
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: In December 1999, New Zealand lowered the alcohol minimum purchasing age from 20 to 18 years. We tested hypotheses that this change was associated with long-term increases in traffic injury attributable to alcohol-impaired driving among 18- to 19-year-olds (target age group) and 15- to 17-year-olds (affected by 'trickle-down'). DESIGN AND METHODS: We undertook a controlled before-and-after comparison of rates of fatal and non-fatal traffic injury to persons of any age attributable to impaired drivers aged 18-19 years and 15-17 years, versus 20- to 21-year-olds. Crash data including assessment of driver alcohol impairment were recorded by New Zealand Police. The pre-change period was 1996-1999. Post-change periods were 2000-2003, 2004-2007 and 2008-2010. Outcomes were population-based and vehicle travel-based rates. RESULTS: Compared with the change in injury rates attributable to alcohol-impaired 20- to 21-year-old male drivers, injuries attributable to 18- to 19-year-old male drivers increased in all post-change periods and significantly so in the second post-change period (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 1.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1 to 1.5). For 15- to 17-year-old male drivers, rates increased in all post-change periods compared with 20- to 21-year-olds, and more so in the second (IRR 1.2, 95% CI 1.1 to 1.4) and third (IRR 1.2, 95% CI 1.1 to 1.4) periods. There was a short-term relative increase in harm attributable to 18- to 19-year-old female drivers (IRR 1.5; 1.1 to 2.0). Results were similar for vehicle travel-based rates. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Reducing the alcohol minimum purchasing age was followed by long-term increases in the incidence of traffic injury attributable to male 15- to 19-year-old alcohol-impaired drivers. [Kypri K, Davie G, McElduff P, Langley J, Connor J. Long-term effects of lowering the alcohol minimum purchasing age on traffic crash injury rates in New Zealand. Drug Alcohol Rev 2016].
Can personalised alcohol-related genetic risk information reduce unhealthy alcohol use among hospital outpatients? A Pilot Study 2014 - 2015
Johnson, N. A., K. Kypri, J. Latter, J. Attia, M. McEvoy, A. Dunlop and R. Scott (2016). "Genetic Feedback to Reduce Alcohol Consumption in Hospital Outpatients with Risky Drinking: Feasibility and Acceptability." Public Health Res Pract 26(4).
OBJECTIVE: There have been no trials in healthcare settings of genetic susceptibility feedback in relation to alcohol consumption. The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility and acceptability of conducting a full-scale randomised trial estimating the effect of personalised genetic susceptibility feedback on alcohol consumption in hospital outpatients with risky drinking. METHODS: Outpatients >/=18 years of age who reported drinking more than 14 standard drinks in the past week or in a typical week were asked to provide a saliva sample for genetic testing. Genetic susceptibility feedback was posted to participants 6 months after recruitment. The co-primary outcomes were the proportion of participants who (i) provided a saliva sample that could be genotyped, and (ii) spoke with a genetic counsellor. Secondary outcomes included changes in patients' weekly alcohol consumption; scores on scales measuring readiness to change, importance of changing and confidence in ability to change drinking habits; knowledge about which cancers are alcohol-attributable; and acceptability of the saliva collection procedure and the genetic-feedback intervention. McNemar's test and paired t-tests were used to test for differences between baseline and follow-up in proportions and means, respectively. RESULTS: Of 100 participants who provided a saliva sample, 93 had adequate DNA for at least one genotyping assay. Three participants spoke to a genetic counsellor. Patients' readiness to change their drinking, their views on the importance of changing and their stated confidence in their ability to change increased between baseline and follow-up. There was no increase in patients' knowledge about alcohol-attributable cancers nor any reduction in how much alcohol they drank 4 months after receiving the feedback. Most participants (80%) were somewhat comfortable or very comfortable with the process used to collect saliva, 84% understood the genetic feedback, 54% found it useful, 10% had sought support to reduce their drinking after receiving the feedback, and 37% reported that the feedback would affect how much they drink in the future. CONCLUSION: Results of this study suggest it would be feasible to conduct a methodologically robust trial estimating the effect of genetic susceptibility feedback on alcohol consumption in hospital outpatients with risky drinking.
Alcohol Responsibility Statements: The development and dissemination of responsible drinking messages 2014 - 2015
Professor Sandra Jones, Australian Catholic University
Consumers are exposed to a range of messages about responsible drinking from health organisations and industry bodies. The way these messages are interpreted by consumers has yet to be investigated. This project aims to examine the way that the general public responds to alcohol responsibility messages to inform advocacy around the development and dissemination of responsible drinking messages.
Breath Alcohol and Injury in the Emergency Department (BRAINED) - Thimphu 2015 - 2016
Dorji, G., S. Pradhan, T. Tenzin, P. Miller, J. Connor and K. Kypri (2016). "Blood Alcohol and Injury in Bhutan: Targeted Surveillance in a National Referral Hospital Emergency Department." Inj Prev.
Bhutan is a low-middle-income country with poor roads, rapidly increasing motor vehicle use and heavy alcohol consumption. We estimated the proportion of emergency department patients presenting with injury who had positive blood alcohol. We sought to breathalyse and interview all adult patients (>/=18 years) presenting with injury at the Jigme Dorji Wangchuck National Referral Hospital in the capital city Thimphu, from April to October 2015. Breath tests and interviews were conducted with 339 (91%) of 374 eligible adult patients. A third (34%) were alcohol-positive and 22% had blood alcohol concentrations >0.08 g/dL. The highest alcohol-positive fractions were for assault (71%), falls (31%) and traffic crashes (30%). Over a third (36%) of patients had a delay of >2 h between injury and breath test. The results underestimate blood alcohol concentrations at the time of injury so the true prevalence of pre-injury alcohol impairment is greater than our estimates suggest. Countermeasures are urgently needed, particularly roadside random breath testing and alcohol controls.
Kypri, K., G. Dorji and C. Dalton (2016). "Alcohol and Economic Development: Observations on the Kingdom of Bhutan." Drug Alcohol Rev.
Bhutan is a small country undergoing rapid social change arising from income growth, urbanisation and Western cultural influence. Markers of poverty, namely infectious disease and infant mortality, have improved dramatically. The attention of health authorities is now focused on the non-communicable disease and injury burdens, to which alcohol consumption is a major contributor. The paper draws on official data to characterise the consumption of alcohol and related harm, and the nature of the alcohol market, with commentary on crucial aspects of availability policies and drink-driving regulation that need reform.
Electronic alcohol screening and personalised feedback to increase referral uptake in hospital outpatients with probable alcohol dependence 2012 - 2014
Many hospital outpatients are alcohol dependent but few seek help for their drinking. This study tested whether providing electronic screening and brief intervention and referral for treatment (e-SBIRT) increased uptake of specialist alcohol services in patients with alcohol dependence compared with screening and referral alone.
Roadside Alcohol Breath-testing in Bhutan to reduce the Incidence of Trauma (RABBIT) 2017 -
Road safety is of increasing concern in Bhutan. The national road network has expanded over 7000 kilometers since the start of the first road construction in 1961. Traffic volume has increased; between 2005 and 2010, the number of motor vehicles doubled from 28,472 to 53,832 in the country. By 2014, the number of registered vehicles jumped by 28% (68,744). According to a Bhutan Police report, drink driving accounts to approximately 27% out of the total 715 road crashes reported in 2015 in the country. Since facilities to investigate alcohol use in driving are rudimentary, this figure is likely to be a gross under estimate. Recent efforts to promote road safety include stepping up roadside inspections among motorists to deter drivers from violating road safety laws such license validity, however drink driving enforcement has been sub-optimal due to shortage of alcohol breath or blood testing equipment. Bhutan also has a high permissible alcohol level for a driver; 0.08g/100 ml of blood; this along with the growing number of vehicles in the country means the need to strengthen road safety enforcement and drink driving laws is urgent.
The objective of the project is to evaluate roadside alcohol breath testing enforcement to deter alcohol use among motorists in Thimphu, Bhutan.
Suppression clauses in government health research contracts: Scoping study 2015 - 2016
This project aims to address several research questions about the extent, causes and implications of the practices of suppression clauses in health research contracts.
Kypri, K. (2015). "Suppression Clauses in University Health Research: Case Study of an Australian Government Contract Negotiation." Med J Aust 203(2): 72-74.
Tobacco, alcohol and gambling industry research funding Australia/ New Zealand/ United Kingdom 2015 -
In many countries there is a strong community consensus opposed to the tobacco industry and its activities and many universities have banned the receipt of tobacco industry research funding. Alcohol and gambling industry funding of research has received comparatively little attention from advocates and arguably medical science as a whole is ambivalent about the practice. Accepting such funding has the obvious benefit of increasing revenue however this practice exposes researchers and universities to significant ethical risks and it is unclear whether these risks are properly considered in the decision to accept such funding.
This project includes data on research funding policies and practices at universities in Australia, New Zealand and the United Kingdom.
Australian Parent Supply of Alcohol Longitudinal Study (APSALS) 2010 -
Aiken, A., M. Wadolowski, R. Bruno, J. Najman, K. Kypri, T. Slade, D. Hutchinson, N. McBride and R. P. Mattick (2015). "Cohort Profile: The Australian Parental Supply of Alcohol Longitudinal Study (Apsals)." Int J Epidemiol.
The Australian Parental Supply of Alcohol Longitudinal Study (APSALS) was established in 2010 to investigate the short- and long-term associations between exposure to early parental alcohol provision, early adolescent alcohol initiation, subsequent alcohol use and alcohol-related harms, controlling for a wide range of parental, child, familial, peer and contextual covariates. The cohort commenced with 1927 parent-child dyads comprising Australian Grade 7 school students (mean age = 12.9 years, range = 10.8-15.7 years), and a parent/guardian. Baseline, 1- and 2-year follow-up data have been collected, with > 90% retention, and a 3-year follow-up is under way. The data collected include child, familial, parental and peer factors addressing demographics, alcohol use and supply, parenting practices, other substance use, adolescent behaviours and peer influences. The cohort is ideal for prospectively examining predictors of initiation and progression of alcohol use, which increases markedly through adolescence.
Mattick, R. P., M. Wadolowski, A. Aiken, P. J. Clare, D. Hutchinson, J. Najman, T. Slade, R. Bruno, N. McBride, L. Degenhardt and K. Kypri (2016). "Parental Supply of Alcohol and Alcohol Consumption in Adolescence: Prospective Cohort Study." Psychol Med: 1-12.
BACKGROUND: Parents are a major supplier of alcohol to adolescents, yet there is limited research examining the impact of this on adolescent alcohol use. This study investigates associations between parental supply of alcohol, supply from other sources, and adolescent drinking, adjusting for child, parent, family and peer variables. METHOD: A cohort of 1927 adolescents was surveyed annually from 2010 to 2014. Measures include: consumption of whole drinks; binge drinking (>4 standard drinks on any occasion); parental supply of alcohol; supply from other sources; child, parent, family and peer covariates. RESULTS: After adjustment, adolescents supplied alcohol by parents had higher odds of drinking whole beverages [odds ratio (OR) 1.80, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.33-2.45] than those not supplied by parents. However, parental supply was not associated with bingeing, and those supplied alcohol by parents typically consumed fewer drinks per occasion (incidence rate ratio 0.86, 95% CI 0.77-0.96) than adolescents supplied only from other sources. Adolescents obtaining alcohol from non-parental sources had increased odds of drinking whole beverages (OR 2.53, 95% CI 1.86-3.45) and bingeing (OR 3.51, 95% CI 2.53-4.87). CONCLUSIONS: Parental supply of alcohol to adolescents was associated with increased risk of drinking, but not bingeing. These parentally-supplied children also consumed fewer drinks on a typical drinking occasion. Adolescents supplied alcohol from non-parental sources had greater odds of drinking and bingeing. Further follow-up is necessary to determine whether these patterns continue, and to examine alcohol-related harm trajectories. Parents should be advised that supply of alcohol may increase children's drinking.
Wadolowski, M., R. Bruno, A. Aiken, C. Stone, J. Najman, K. Kypri, T. Slade, D. Hutchinson, N. McBride and R. P. Mattick (2015). "Sipping, Drinking, and Early Adolescent Alcohol Consumption: A Cautionary Note." Alcohol Clin Exp Res 39(2): 350-354.
BACKGROUND: Epidemiological studies report markedly varying rates of adolescent alcohol involvement. Despite being a common adolescent behavior, a potential cause of this variation is that consumption of sips is either not measured or not distinguished from consumption of whole beverages. METHODS: Participants were 1,843 grade 7 adolescents recruited across 49 Australian secondary schools (M age = 12.4, SD = 0.5). Quantity and frequency of lifetime and past 6-month consumption were assessed, distinguishing between sipping and drinking. For comparison with international population surveys, quantity was reported as any consumption, sipping only, and drinking only. RESULTS: Combining sipping and drinking into a single category, lifetime consumption was reported by 67.3% of the present sample. Distinguishing lifetime consumption by sipping and drinking: only 7.8% of adolescents had consumed a whole beverage; the remaining 59.6% had only sipped. Consumption of whole beverages was mostly limited to 1 to 2 drinks (84.2% of drinkers). Sipping and drinking were also infrequent: 78.2% of sipping and 60.4% of drinking, occurred less than monthly. Heavy episodic consumption was uncommon (1.2% of the sample). When other population studies were inspected, a clear trend for higher drinking rates were found in those studies where sipping was counted as drinking and vice versa. CONCLUSIONS: Consumption of whole beverages appears infrequent in early adolescence, as sipping, but not drinking, was common in our sample. Comparing the present data with international population consumption measures highlights the need to more precisely measure and report adolescent consumption, particularly in relation to sipping.
Wadolowski, M., D. Hutchinson, R. Bruno, A. Aiken, P. Clare, T. Slade, J. Najman, K. Kypri, N. McBride and R. P. Mattick (2015). "Early Adolescent Alcohol Use: Are Sipping and Drinking Distinct?" Alcohol Clin Exp Res 39(9): 1805-1813.
BACKGROUND: Sipping alcohol is common during early adolescence, but research has ignored the distinction between sipping and drinking whole alcohol beverages, conflating the 2, or else simply classifying "sippers" as abstainers. Research has not addressed whether sippers are different to drinkers, in relation to variables known to be associated with adolescent alcohol consumption, or considered whether sipping and drinking behaviors may have quite different associations. METHODS: Parent-child dyads (N = 1,823) were recruited in 3 states from Australian grade 7 classes. Multinomial logistic analyses compared adolescents who had only had a sip/taste of alcohol (sippers) with adolescents who had consumed at least a whole drink (drinkers) in the past 6 months. The multivariate model assessed a broad range of demographics, parenting practices, peer influences, and adolescent externalizing and internalizing behaviors, and controlled for school clustering. RESULTS: Compared to drinkers, sippers were less likely to come from 1-parent households (odds ratio [OR] = 0.59, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.35 to 0.98); less likely to come from low-socioeconomic status (SES) households (OR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.31 to 0.94); more likely to come from families where parents provide stricter alcohol-specific rules (OR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.11 to 1.32), stricter monitoring of the child's activities (OR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.04 to 1.16), more consistent parenting practices (OR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.05 to 1.23), and more positive family relationships (OR = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.02 to 2.43); and report having fewer substance-using peers (OR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.70 to 0.91) and greater peer disapproval of any substance use (OR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.19 to 1.42). After adjustment for confounders, the associations with household composition and SES were no longer significant, but the familial and peer associations remained significant in the multivariate analysis, chi(2) (40) = 1,493.06, p < 0.001. CONCLUSIONS: Sipping alcohol has different associations with known predictors of adolescent alcohol use than drinking whole beverages, and sipping may be a distinct or separable behavior. Future research should better define quantities of early consumption and assess the relationship between early sipping and drinking on long-term outcomes separately.
Wadolowski, M., D. Hutchinson, R. Bruno, A. Aiken, J. M. Najman, K. Kypri, T. Slade, N. McBride and R. P. Mattick (2016). "Parents Who Supply Sips of Alcohol in Early Adolescence: A Prospective Study of Risk Factors." Pediatrics 137(3): e20152611.
BACKGROUND: Parents are a major supplier of alcohol to adolescents, often initiating use with sips. Despite harms of adolescent alcohol use, research has not addressed the antecedents of such parental supply. This study investigated the prospective associations between familial, parental, peer, and adolescent characteristics on parental supply of sips. METHODS: Participants were 1729 parent-child dyads recruited from Grade 7 classes, as part of the Australian Parental Supply of Alcohol Longitudinal Study. Data are from baseline surveys (Time 1) and 1-year follow-up (Time 2). Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regressions tested prospective associations between Time 1 familial, parental, peer, and adolescent characteristics and Time 2 parental supply. RESULTS: In the fully adjusted model, parental supply was associated with increased parent-report of peer substance use (odds ratio [OR] = 1.20, 95% confidence ratio [CI], 1.08-1.34), increased home alcohol access (OR = 1.07, 95% CI, 1.03-1.11), and lenient alcohol-specific rules (OR=0.88, 95% CI, 0.78-0.99). CONCLUSIONS: Parents who perceived that their child engaged with substance-using peers were more likely to subsequently supply sips of alcohol. Parents may believe supply of a small quantity of alcohol will protect their child from unsupervised alcohol use with peers. It is also possible that parental perception of peer substance use may result in parents believing that this is a normative behavior for their child's age group, and in turn that supply is also normative. Further research is required to understand the impacts of such supply, even in small quantities, on adolescent alcohol use trajectories.
Corporate political activity of tobacco, alcohol and gambling companies in Australia 2014 -
Miller PG, Hancock L, Wakefield M, Kypri K, Livingstone C, Daube M, Giorgi C, Adams P, McCambridge J
Tobacco, alcohol and gambling are major casues of morbidity and prematue death in Australia. In all three areas of interest, policies long identified as effective (e.g. increasing price) have been continually been rejected or delayed by government. The research aims to identify Corporate Political Activity by these industries in Australia, investigating:
1. Financial strategies in the form of political donations and examine the potential to link these to policies in each state and territory.
2. a) formal documentary submissions to state and federal government bodies; and b) interpersonal tactics used with politicians and public servants.
3. constituency building strategies to shape public opinion.
Pub extended trading hours: effects on drunkenness and alcohol-related harm 2015 - 2016
Professor Tanya Chikritzhs, National Drug Research Institute
The aim of this project is to inform and encourage evidence-based liquor licensing decisions in relation to extended late-night trading hours for licensed premises in Western Australia. At present, decisions in relation to trading hour extensions for licensed premises are made on an ad hoc basis, with inconsistent reference to research evidence. It is often claimed that currently available international research is either unrelated to the Perth context or is based on old, irrelevant data. Compounding matters, there has to date been little independent scientific research which has directly investigated whether late night trading hour extensions for pubs have an effect on levels of intoxication among patrons. As a result, decision makers must weigh-up arguments for and against that are often based on conjecture and anecdote.
Evaluation of New Zealand's alcohol reform legislation 2014 -
Maclennan, B., K. Kypri, J. Connor, T. Potiki and R. Room (2016). "New Zealand's New Alcohol Laws: Protocol for a Mixed-Methods Evaluation." BMC Public Health 16: 29.
BACKGROUND: Alcohol consumption is a major cause of mortality and morbidity globally. In response to strong calls from the public for alcohol law reform, the New Zealand Government recently reduced the blood alcohol limit for driving and introduced the Sale and Supply of Alcohol Act which aim to (1) improve community input into local decision-making on alcohol; (2) reduce the availability of alcohol; and (3) reduce hazardous drinking and alcohol-related harm. In this project we seek to evaluate the new laws in terms of these objectives. DESIGN AND METHODS: A policy evaluation framework is proposed to investigate the implementation and outcomes of the reforms. We will use quantitative and qualitative methods, employing a pre-post design. Participants include members of the public, local government staff, iwi (Maori tribal groups that function collectively to support their members) and community group representatives. Data will be collected via postal surveys, interviews and analysis of local government documents. Liquor licensing, police and hospital injury data will also be used. Community input into local government decision-making will be operationalised as: the number of objections per license application and the number of local governments adopting a local alcohol policy (LAP). Outcome measures will be the 'restrictiveness' of LAPs compared to previous policies, the number (per 1000 residents) and density (per square kilometre) of alcohol outlets throughout NZ, and the number of weekend late-night (i.e., post 10 pm) trading hours. For consumption and harm, outcomes will be the prevalence of hazardous drinking, harm from own and others' drinking, community amenity effects, rates of assault, and rates of alcohol-involved traffic crashes. Multiple regression will be used to model how the outcomes vary by local government area from before to after the law changes take effect. These measures will be complemented by qualitative analysis of LAP development and public participation in local decision-making on alcohol. DISCUSSION: The project will evaluate how well the reforms meet their explicit public health objectives.
Investigations of Research Participation Effects 2011 - 2015
Kypri, K., J. McCambridge, A. Wilson, J. Attia, P. Sheeran, S. Bowe and T. Vater (2011). "Effects of Study Design and Allocation on Participant Behaviour--Esda: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial." Trials 12: 42.
BACKGROUND: What study participants think about the nature of a study has been hypothesised to affect subsequent behaviour and to potentially bias study findings. In this trial we examine the impact of awareness of study design and allocation on participant drinking behaviour. METHODS/DESIGN: A three-arm parallel group randomised controlled trial design will be used. All recruitment, screening, randomisation, and follow-up will be conducted on-line among university students. Participants who indicate a hazardous level of alcohol consumption will be randomly assigned to one of three groups. Group A will be informed their drinking will be assessed at baseline and again in one month (as in a cohort study design). Group B will be told the study is an intervention trial and they are in the control group. Group C will be told the study is an intervention trial and they are in the intervention group. All will receive exactly the same brief educational material to read. After one month, alcohol intake for the past 4 weeks will be assessed. DISCUSSION: The experimental manipulations address subtle and previously unexplored ways in which participant behaviour may be unwittingly influenced by standard practice in trials. Given the necessity of relying on self-reported outcome, it will not be possible to distinguish true behaviour change from reporting artefact. This does not matter in the present study, as any effects of awareness of study design or allocation involve bias that is not well understood. There has been little research on awareness effects, and our outcomes will provide an indication of the possible value of further studies of this type and inform hypothesis generation. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Australia and New Zealand Clinical Trials Register (ANZCTR): ACTRN12610000846022.
McCambridge, J. and K. Kypri (2011). "Can Simply Answering Research Questions Change Behaviour? Systematic Review and Meta Analyses of Brief Alcohol Intervention Trials." PLoS One 6(10): e23748.
BACKGROUND: Participant reports of their own behaviour are critical for the provision and evaluation of behavioural interventions. Recent developments in brief alcohol intervention trials provide an opportunity to evaluate longstanding concerns that answering questions on behaviour as part of research assessments may inadvertently influence it and produce bias. The study objective was to evaluate the size and nature of effects observed in randomized manipulations of the effects of answering questions on drinking behaviour in brief intervention trials. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Multiple methods were used to identify primary studies. Between-group differences in total weekly alcohol consumption, quantity per drinking day and AUDIT scores were evaluated in random effects meta-analyses. Ten trials were included in this review, of which two did not provide findings for quantitative study, in which three outcomes were evaluated. Between-group differences were of the magnitude of 13.7 (-0.17 to 27.6) grams of alcohol per week (approximately 1.5 U.K. units or 1 standard U.S. drink) and 1 point (0.1 to 1.9) in AUDIT score. There was no difference in quantity per drinking day. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Answering questions on drinking in brief intervention trials appears to alter subsequent self-reported behaviour. This potentially generates bias by exposing non-intervention control groups to an integral component of the intervention. The effects of brief alcohol interventions may thus have been consistently under-estimated. These findings are relevant to evaluations of any interventions to alter behaviours which involve participant self-report.
McCambridge, J., K. Kypri and A. Wilson (2012). "How Should Debriefing Be Undertaken in Web-Based Studies? Findings from a Randomized Controlled Trial." J Med Internet Res 14(6): e157.
BACKGROUND: Internet research may raise older ethical issues in new forms or pose new issues. It has been recommended that debriefing information online be kept very short, with further information including study results made available if requested by participants. There are no empirical studies that compare possible alternative methods of debriefing in online studies. OBJECTIVE: To undertake a randomized controlled trial evaluating how to implement the recommended approach by assessing the effects of two different approaches on accessing of additional information. METHODS: All 11,943 participants in the Effects of Study Design and Allocation (ESDA) study, which employed deception, were randomly assigned to one of two methods of debriefing: Group A received the debriefing information in the body of an email with links to protocol and results pages; Group B was presented with these links after clicking on an initial link in the body of the email to view the debriefing information on a website. Outcomes assessed were the proportions clicking on the links to the protocol and results summary and the time spent on these pages by those accessing them. RESULTS: The group who were presented with no debriefing information in the body of the email and went to a website for this information (Group B) were approximately twice as likely to subsequently access the protocol and the results summary. These differences between the two groups were highly statistically significant. Although these differences are clear, the overall proportions accessing such information were low, and there were no differences in mean time spent reading these pages. Only one quarter of Group B actually accessed debriefing information. CONCLUSIONS: In circumstances where the uptake of fuller information on study design, methods, and findings is deemed important, debriefing information may be better provided via a link and not included in the body of an email. Doing so may, however, reduce the extent of receiving any debriefing information at all. There is a wider need for high quality empirical studies to inform ethical evaluations. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ACTRN12610000846022 (http://www.anzctr.org.au/).
Cunningham, J. A., K. Kypri and J. McCambridge (2013). "Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating the Impact of a Waiting List Control Design." BMC Med Res Methodol 13: 150.
BACKGROUND: Employing waiting list control designs in psychological and behavioral intervention research may artificially inflate intervention effect estimates. This exploratory randomized controlled trial tested this proposition in a study employing a brief intervention for problem drinkers, one domain of research in which waiting list control designs are used. METHODS: All participants (N = 185) were provided with brief personalized feedback intervention materials after being randomly allocated either to be told that they were in the intervention condition and that this was the intervention or to be told that they were in the waiting list control condition and that they would receive access to the intervention in four weeks with this information provided in the meantime. RESULTS: A total of 157 participants (85%) were followed-up after 4 weeks. Between-group differences were found in one of four outcomes (proportion within safe drinking guidelines). An interaction was identified between experimental manipulation and stage of change at study entry such that participant change was arrested among those more ready to change and told they were on the waiting list. CONCLUSIONS: Trials with waiting list control conditions may overestimate treatment effects, though the extent of any such bias appears likely to vary between study populations. Arguably they should only be used where this threat to valid inference has been carefully assessed.
McCambridge, J., K. Kypri, P. Bendtsen and J. Porter (2013). "The Use of Deception in Public Health Behavioral Intervention Trials: A Case Study of Three Online Alcohol Trials." Am J Bioeth 13(11): 39-47.
Some public health behavioral intervention research studies involve deception. A methodological imperative to minimize bias can be in conflict with the ethical principle of informed consent. As a case study, we examine the specific forms of deception used in three online randomized controlled trials evaluating brief alcohol interventions. We elaborate our own decision making about the use of deception in these trials, and present our ongoing findings and uncertainties. We discuss the value of the approach of pragmatism for examining these kinds of ethical issues that can arise in research on public health interventions.
McCambridge, J., K. Kypri and D. Elbourne (2014). "Research Participation Effects: A Skeleton in the Methodological Cupboard." J Clin Epidemiol 67(8): 845-849.
OBJECTIVE: There have been concerns about impacts of various aspects of taking part in research studies for a century. The concerns have not, however, been sufficiently well conceptualized to form traditions of study capable of defining and elaborating the nature of these problems. In this article we present a new way of thinking about a set of issues attracting long-standing attention. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: We briefly review existing concepts and empirical work on well-known biases in surveys and cohort studies and propose that they are connected. RESULTS: We offer the construct of "research participation effects" (RPE) as a vehicle for advancing multi-disciplinary understanding of biases. Empirical studies are needed to identify conditions in which RPE may be sufficiently large to warrant modifications of study design, analytic methods, or interpretation. We consider the value of adopting a more participant-centred view of the research process as a way of thinking about these issues, which may also have benefits in relation to research methodology more broadly. CONCLUSION: Researchers may too readily overlook the extent to which research studies are unusual contexts, and that people may react in unexpected ways to what we invite them to do, introducing a range of biases.
McCambridge, J., K. Kypri and D. Elbourne (2014). "In Randomization We Trust? There Are Overlooked Problems in Experimenting with People in Behavioral Intervention Trials." J Clin Epidemiol 67(3): 247-253.
OBJECTIVES: Behavioral intervention trials may be susceptible to poorly understood forms of bias stemming from research participation. This article considers how assessment and other prerandomization research activities may introduce bias that is not fully prevented by randomization. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: This is a hypothesis-generating discussion article. RESULTS: An additivity assumption underlying conventional thinking in trial design and analysis is problematic in behavioral intervention trials. Postrandomization sources of bias are somewhat better known within the clinical epidemiological and trials literatures. Neglect of attention to possible research participation effects means that unintended participant behavior change stemming from artifacts of the research process has unknown potential to bias estimates of behavioral intervention effects. CONCLUSION: Studies are needed to evaluate how research participation effects are introduced, and we make suggestions for how research in this area may be taken forward, including how these issues may be addressed in the design and conduct of trials. It is proposed that attention to possible research participation effects can improve the design of trials evaluating behavioral and other interventions and inform the interpretation of existing evidence.
McCambridge, J., K. Kypri and P. McElduff (2014). "Regression to the Mean and Alcohol Consumption: A Cohort Study Exploring Implications for the Interpretation of Change in Control Groups in Brief Intervention Trials." Drug Alcohol Depend 135: 156-159.
BACKGROUND: Reductions in drinking among individuals randomised to control groups in brief alcohol intervention trials are common and suggest that asking study participants about their drinking may itself cause them to reduce their consumption. We sought to test the hypothesis that the statistical artefact regression to the mean (RTM) explains part of the reduction in such studies. METHODS: 967 participants in a cohort study of alcohol consumption in New Zealand provided data at baseline and again six months later. We use graphical methods and apply thresholds of 8, 12, 16 and 20 in AUDIT scores to explore RTM. RESULTS: There was a negative association between baseline AUDIT scores and change in AUDIT scores from baseline to six months, which in the absence of bias and confounding, is RTM. Students with lower baseline scores tended to have higher follow-up scores and conversely, those with higher baseline scores tended to have lower follow-up scores. When a threshold score of 8 was used to select a subgroup, the observed mean change was approximately half of that observed without a threshold. The application of higher thresholds produced greater apparent reductions in alcohol consumption. CONCLUSIONS: Part of the reduction seen in the control groups of brief alcohol intervention trials is likely to be due to RTM and the amount of change is likely to be greater as the threshold for entry to the trial increases. Quantification of RTM warrants further study and should assist understanding assessment and other research participation effects.
Kypri, K., A. Wilson, J. Attia, P. J. Sheeran and J. McCambridge (2015). "Effects of Study Design and Allocation on Self-Reported Alcohol Consumption: Randomized Trial." Trials 16: 127.
BACKGROUND: What participants think about the nature of a study might affect their behaviour and bias findings. We tested two hypotheses: (1) participants told they were in an intervention trial would report lower alcohol consumption at follow-up than those told they were in a cohort study; (2) participants told they were in the intervention group in a trial would have lower alcohol consumption at follow-up than those told they were in the control group. METHODS: Students from four universities (N = 72,903) were invited to participate in a 'research project on student drinking'. Of 10,415 respondents, 6,788 were moderate to heavy drinkers and were randomized. Group A ('cohort') were informed their drinking would be assessed at baseline and again in one month. Group B ('control') were told the study was an intervention trial and they were in the control group. Group C ('intervention') were told the study was an intervention trial and they were to receive the intervention. All were assessed and directed to read identical online alcohol education material. Whether and how long they accessed the material were recorded. One month later, alcohol intake was reassessed. RESULTS: In relation to hypothesis 1, there were no differences between the groups on the prespecified outcome measures. In relation to hypothesis 2, there were no differences though all point estimates were in the hypothesized direction (that is, 'intervention' < 'control'). The 'cohort' and 'control' groups accessed the material to a similar extent (59% versus 57%) while the 'intervention' group were more likely to access it (78%) and to read it for longer (median 35 s (25th and 75th percentiles: 6, 97) versus medians of 7 s (0, 28) and 8 s (4, 42) for the 'cohort' and 'control' groups, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Although the context given to the research participants significantly influenced access to the online information and reading time, this did not translate into any effect on drinking behaviour, for either hypothesis. This might be because of failure in the experimental paradigm or the possibility of weaker effects using the online approach. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12610000846022.
Kypri, K., A. Wilson, J. Attia, P. Sheeran, P. Miller and J. McCambridge (2016). "Social Desirability Bias in the Reporting of Alcohol Consumption: A Randomized Trial." J Stud Alcohol Drugs 77(3): 526-531.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate reporting of alcohol consumption, we manipulated the contexts of questions in ways designed to induce social desirability bias. METHOD: We undertook a two-arm, parallel-group, individually randomized trial at an Australian public university. Students were recruited by email to a web-based "Research Project on Student Health Behavior." Respondents answered nine questions about their physical activity, diet, and smoking. They were unknowingly randomized to a group presented with either (A) three questions about their alcohol consumption or (B) seven questions about their alcohol dependence and problems (under a prominent header labeled "Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test"), followed by the same three alcohol consumption questions from (A). RESULTS: A total of 3,594 students (mean age = 27, SD = 10) responded and were randomized: 1,778 to Group A and 1,816 to Group B. Outcome measures were the number of days they drank alcohol, the typical number of drinks they consumed per drinking day, and the number of days they consumed six or more drinks. The primary analysis included participants with any alcohol consumption in the preceding 4 weeks (1,304 in Group A; 1,340 in Group B) using between-group, two-tailed t tests. RESULTS: In Groups A and B, respectively, means (and SDs) of the number of days drinking were 5.89 (5.92) versus 6.06 (6.12), p = .49; typical number of drinks per drinking day: 4.02 (3.87) versus 3.82 (3.76), p = .17; and number of days consuming six or more drinks: 1.69 (2.94) versus 1.67 (3.25), p = .56. CONCLUSIONS: We could not reject the null hypothesis because earlier questions about alcohol dependence and problems showed no sign of biasing the respondents' subsequent reports of alcohol consumption. These data support the validity of university students' reporting of alcohol consumption in web-based studies.
Evaluation of risk-based licensing of alcohol sales for reducing alcohol-related harm 2015 -
Miller PG, Chikritzhs T, Kypri K, Graham K
Alcohol-related harm is a major public health and social order issue which requires sophisticated evidence-based policy. This project capitalises on a unique window of policy adoption across Australia to investigate the introduction of risk-based licensing schemes for the sale of alcohol, assessing their impacts, identifying modifiable elements and developing policy advice. There is an urgent need for evidence about which interventions are effective, and which of these can survive the political process. It builds on the teams extensive work and unique datasets around alcohol policy and licensed venues to analyse archival data and key stakeholder interviews in four states, using the most up-to-date and reliable methods.
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Research Collaborations
The map is a representation of a researchers co-authorship with collaborators across the globe. The map displays the number of publications against a country, where there is at least one co-author based in that country. Data is sourced from the University of Newcastle research publication management system (NURO) and may not fully represent the authors complete body of work.
Country | Count of Publications | |
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Australia | 230 | |
New Zealand | 120 | |
United Kingdom | 57 | |
United States | 28 | |
Canada | 15 | |
More... |
News
Public Lecture – Public health in a post-truth world: The commercial determinants of health
May 29, 2019
Research helping to reduce alcohol-related violence
November 22, 2017
Web-based alcohol intervention has limited effect on consumption
March 25, 2014
Earlier pub closing times key to reducing alcohol-fuelled assaults
March 6, 2014
Newcastle research underpins statewide alcohol restrictions
January 22, 2014
Professor Kypros Kypri
Positions
Professorial Fellow
School of Medicine and Public Health
School of Medicine and Public Health
Faculty of Health and Medicine
Professorial Research Fellow
School of Medicine and Public Health
Office of the PVC Health and Medicine
Faculty of Health and Medicine
Focus area
Public Health
Contact Details
kypros.kypri@newcastle.edu.au | |
Phone | 0448 898 814 |
Mobile | 0448898814 |
Office
Room | BB1-41 |
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Building | Bowman Building |
Location | Callaghan Campus University Drive Callaghan, NSW 2308 Australia |