2024 |
Georgiadis F, Larivière S, Glahn D, Hong LE, Kochunov P, Mowry B, et al., 'Connectome architecture shapes large-scale cortical alterations in schizophrenia: a worldwide ENIGMA study.', Mol Psychiatry, (2024) [C1]
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2023 |
Constantinides C, Han LKM, Alloza C, Antonucci LA, Arango C, Ayesa-Arriola R, et al., 'Brain ageing in schizophrenia: evidence from 26 international cohorts via the ENIGMA Schizophrenia consortium.', Mol Psychiatry, 28 1201-1209 (2023) [C1]
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Nova |
2023 |
Omlor W, Rabe F, Fuchs S, Cecere G, Homan S, Surbeck W, et al., 'Estimating multimodal brain variability in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: A worldwide ENIGMA study.', bioRxiv, (2023)
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2023 |
Schijven D, Postema MC, Fukunaga M, Matsumoto J, Miura K, de Zwarte SMC, et al., 'Large-scale analysis of structural brain asymmetries in schizophrenia via the ENIGMA consortium.', Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 120 e2213880120 (2023) [C1]
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Nova |
2023 |
Jalewa J, Todd J, Michie PT, Hodgson DM, Harms L, 'The effect of schizophrenia risk factors on mismatch responses in a rat model.', Psychophysiology, 60 e14175 (2023) [C1]
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Nova |
2023 |
Liu D, Meyer D, Fennessy B, Feng C, Cheng E, Johnson JS, et al., 'Schizophrenia risk conferred by rare protein-truncating variants is conserved across diverse human populations', Nature Genetics, 55 369-376 (2023) [C1]
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a chronic mental illness and among the most debilitating conditions encountered in medical practice. A recent landmark SCZ study of the protein-coding regio... [more]
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a chronic mental illness and among the most debilitating conditions encountered in medical practice. A recent landmark SCZ study of the protein-coding regions of the genome identified a causal role for ten genes and a concentration of rare variant signals in evolutionarily constrained genes1. This recent study¿and most other large-scale human genetics studies¿was mainly composed of individuals of European (EUR) ancestry, and the generalizability of the findings in non-EUR populations remains unclear. To address this gap, we designed a custom sequencing panel of 161 genes selected based on the current knowledge of SCZ genetics and sequenced a new cohort of 11,580 SCZ cases and 10,555 controls of diverse ancestries. Replicating earlier work, we found that cases carried a significantly higher burden of rare protein-truncating variants (PTVs) among evolutionarily constrained genes (odds ratio = 1.48; P = 5.4 × 10-6). In meta-analyses with existing datasets totaling up to 35,828 cases and 107,877 controls, this excess burden was largely consistent across five ancestral populations. Two genes (SRRM2 and AKAP11) were newly implicated as SCZ risk genes, and one gene (PCLO) was identified as shared by individuals with SCZ and those with autism. Overall, our results lend robust support to the rare allelic spectrum of the genetic architecture of SCZ being conserved across diverse human populations.
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Nova |
2022 |
Mullins N, Kang J, Campos A, Coleman JR, Edwards AC, Galfalvy H, et al., 'Dissecting the Shared Genetic Architecture of Suicide Attempt, Psychiatric Disorders, and Known Risk Factors', BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY, 91 313-327 (2022) [C1]
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2022 |
Trubetskoy V, Pardiñas AF, Qi T, Panagiotaropoulou G, Awasthi S, Bigdeli TB, et al., 'Mapping genomic loci implicates genes and synaptic biology in schizophrenia', Nature, 604 502-508 (2022) [C1]
Schizophrenia has a heritability of 60¿80%1, much of which is attributable to common risk alleles. Here, in a two-stage genome-wide association study of up to 76,755 individuals w... [more]
Schizophrenia has a heritability of 60¿80%1, much of which is attributable to common risk alleles. Here, in a two-stage genome-wide association study of up to 76,755 individuals with schizophrenia and 243,649 control individuals, we report common variant associations at 287 distinct genomic loci. Associations were concentrated in genes that are expressed in excitatory and inhibitory neurons of the central nervous system, but not in other tissues or cell types. Using fine-mapping and functional genomic data, we identify 120 genes (106 protein-coding) that are likely to underpin associations at some of these loci, including 16 genes with credible causal non-synonymous or untranslated region variation. We also implicate fundamental processes related to neuronal function, including synaptic organization, differentiation and transmission. Fine-mapped candidates were enriched for genes associated with rare disruptive coding variants in people with schizophrenia, including the glutamate receptor subunit GRIN2A and transcription factor SP4, and were also enriched for genes implicated by such variants in neurodevelopmental disorders. We identify biological processes relevant to schizophrenia pathophysiology; show convergence of common and rare variant associations in schizophrenia and neurodevelopmental disorders; and provide a resource of prioritized genes and variants to advance mechanistic studies.
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Nova |
2022 |
Greenwood L-M, Broyd SJ, van Hell HH, Todd J, Jones A, Murray RM, et al., 'Acute effects of 9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol on auditory mismatch negativity.', Psychopharmacology (Berl), 239 1409-1424 (2022) [C1]
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Nova |
2022 |
Patel Y, Shin J, Abe C, Agartz I, Alloza C, Alnaes D, et al., 'Virtual Ontogeny of Cortical Growth Preceding Mental Illness', BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY, 92 299-313 (2022) [C1]
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Nova |
2022 |
Blokland GAM, Grove J, Chen C-Y, Cotsapas C, Tobet S, Handa R, et al., 'Sex-Dependent Shared and Nonshared Genetic Architecture Across Mood and Psychotic Disorders.', Biol Psychiatry, 91 102-117 (2022) [C1]
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Nova |
2021 |
Harms L, Parras GG, Michie PT, Malmierca MS, 'The Role of Glutamate Neurotransmission in Mismatch Negativity (MMN), A Measure of Auditory Synaptic Plasticity and Change-detection', Neuroscience, 456 106-113 (2021) [C1]
Mismatch negativity (MMN) is an electrophysiological signature that occurs in response to unexpected stimuli. It is often referred to as a measure of memory-based change detection... [more]
Mismatch negativity (MMN) is an electrophysiological signature that occurs in response to unexpected stimuli. It is often referred to as a measure of memory-based change detection, because the elicitation of a prediction error response relies on the formation of a prediction, which in turn, is dependent upon intact memory of previous auditory stimulation. As such, the MMN is altered in conditions in which memory is affected, such as Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia and healthy aging. The most prominent pharmacological finding for MMN strengthens the link between MMN and synaptic plasticity, as glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDA-R) antagonists reduce the MMN response. However, recent data has begun to demonstrate that the link between NMDA-R function and MMN is not as clear as once thought, with low dose and low affinity NMDA-R antagonists observed to facilitate MMN.
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Nova |
2021 |
McKewen M, Cooper PS, Skippen P, Wong ASW, Michie PT, Karayanidis F, 'Dissociable theta networks underlie the switch and mixing costs during task switching', Human Brain Mapping, 42 4643-4657 (2021) [C1]
During task-switching paradigms, both event-related potentials and time-frequency analyses show switch and mixing effects at frontal and parietal sites. Switch and mixing effects ... [more]
During task-switching paradigms, both event-related potentials and time-frequency analyses show switch and mixing effects at frontal and parietal sites. Switch and mixing effects are associated with increased power in broad frontoparietal networks, typically stronger in the theta band (~4¿8¿Hz). However, it is not yet known whether mixing and switch costs rely upon common or distinct networks. In this study, we examine proactive and reactive control networks linked to task switching and mixing effects, and whether strength of connectivity in these networks is associated with behavioural outcomes. Participants (n¿= 197) completed a cued-trials task-switching paradigm with concurrent electroencephalography, after substantial task practice to establish strong cue-stimulus¿response representations. We used inter-site phase clustering, a measure of functional connectivity across electrode sites, to establish cross-site connectivity from a frontal and a parietal seed. Distinct theta networks were activated during proactive and reactive control periods. During the preparation interval, mixing effects were associated with connectivity from the frontal seed to parietal sites, and switch effects with connectivity from the parietal seed to occipital sites. Lateralised occipital connectivity was common to both switch and mixing effects. After target onset, frontal and parietal seeds showed a similar pattern of connectivity across trial types. These findings are consistent with distinct and common proactive control networks and common reactive networks in highly practised task-switching performers.
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Nova |
2021 |
Hess JL, Tylee DS, Mattheisen M, Børglum AD, Als TD, Grove J, et al., 'A polygenic resilience score moderates the genetic risk for schizophrenia', Molecular Psychiatry, 26 800-815 (2021) [C1]
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Nova |
2021 |
Nicolas K, Goodin P, Visser MM, Michie PT, Bivard A, Levi C, et al., 'Altered Functional Connectivity and Cognition Persists 4 Years After a Transient Ischemic Attack or Minor Stroke', FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY, 12 (2021) [C1]
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Nova |
2021 |
Ni G, Zeng J, Revez JA, Wang Y, Zheng Z, Ge T, et al., 'A Comparison of Ten Polygenic Score Methods for Psychiatric Disorders Applied Across Multiple Cohorts', BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY, 90 611-620 (2021) [C1]
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Nova |
2021 |
Jalewa J, Todd J, Michie PT, Hodgson DM, Harms L, 'Do rat auditory event related potentials exhibit human mismatch negativity attributes related to predictive coding?', Hearing Research, 399 (2021) [C1]
Rodent models play a significant role in understanding disease mechanisms and the screening of new treatments. With regard to psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, however,... [more]
Rodent models play a significant role in understanding disease mechanisms and the screening of new treatments. With regard to psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, however, it is difficult to replicate the human symptoms in rodents because these symptoms are often either ¿uniquely human¿ or are only conveyed via self-report. There is a growing interest in rodent mismatch responses (MMRs) as a translatable ¿biomarker¿ for disorders such as schizophrenia. In this review, we will summarize the attributes of human MMN, and discuss the scope of exploring the attributes of human MMN in rodents. Here, we examine how reliably MMRs that are measured in rats mimic human attributes, and present original data examining whether manipulations of stimulus conditions known to modulate human MMN, do the same for rat MMRs. Using surgically-implanted epidural electroencephalographic electrodes and wireless telemetry in freely-moving rats, we observed human-like modulations of MMRs, namely that larger MMRs were elicited to unexpected (deviant) stimuli that a) had a larger change in pitch compared to the expected (standard) stimulus, b) were less frequently presented (lower probability), and c) had no jitter (stable stimulus onset asynchrony) compared to high jitter. Overall, these findings contribute to the mounting evidence for rat MMRs as a good analogue of human MMN, bolstering the development of a novel approach in future to validate the preclinical models based on a translatable biomarker, MMN.
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Nova |
2021 |
Hollier TM, Frost BG, Michie PT, Lewin TJ, Sly KA, 'Improvements in Hope, Engagement and Functioning Following a Recovery-Focused Sub-Acute Inpatient Intervention: a Six-Month Evaluation', Psychiatric Quarterly, 92 1611-1634 (2021) [C1]
Few studies have examined the post-discharge benefits associated with recover-oriented programs delivered in inpatient and sub-acute mental health settings. The aim of this study ... [more]
Few studies have examined the post-discharge benefits associated with recover-oriented programs delivered in inpatient and sub-acute mental health settings. The aim of this study was to evaluate the medium-term outcomes of a 6-week sub-acute inpatient intervention program for 27 service users with a diagnosis of serious mental illness (mean age = 33.22¿years, 70.4% with a psychosis diagnosis). Recovery data were collected on admission, at discharge, and at 3- and 6-months post-discharge using self-report, collaborative and clinical measures. The three clinician-rated measures (assessing therapeutic engagement, functioning, and life skills) revealed linear improvements from admission to 6-month follow-up (with mean z-change ranging from 0.72 to 1.35), as did the self-reported social connection measure (Mental Health Recovery Star, MHRS; mean z-change: 1.05). There were also curvilinear improvements in self-determination and self-reported MHRS symptom management and functioning scores; however, only modest changes were detected in hope (Herth Hope Index) and MHRS self-belief scores. Change scores based on self-reported and clinician-rated measures tended to be uncorrelated. An exploration of client-level outcomes revealed three recovery trajectory subgroups: transient (21.7%), gradual (34.8%), or sustained (43.5%) improvement; with members of the latter group tending to have longer illness durations. The study¿s findings are encouraging, to the extent that they demonstrate recovery-focused sub-acute inpatient programs can promote clinical recovery and aspects of personal recovery. However, they also suggest that recovery perspectives differ between clients and clinicians, and that far more work is required to understand the psychological factors that generate and sustain the hope that recovery is possible.
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Nova |
2021 |
Michie P, Jalewa J, Harms L, Todd J, Hodgson D, 'Mismatch Negativity (MMN) as a Promising Translational Neurophysiological Biomarker in Schizophrenia', Psychiatria et Neurologia Japonica - Seishin Shinkeigaku Zasshi, 123 824-841 (2021)
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2021 |
Mullins N, Forstner AJ, O'Connell KS, Coombes B, Coleman JR, Qiao Z, et al., 'Genome-wide association study of more than 40,000 bipolar disorder cases provides new insights into the underlying biology', NATURE GENETICS, 53 817-+ (2021) [C1]
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Nova |
2020 |
Toh WL, Gurvich C, Thomas N, Tan EJ, Neill E, Van Rheenen T, et al., 'The influence of gender on emotional aspects of auditory verbal hallucinations', PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH, 284 (2020) [C1]
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Nova |
2020 |
Dunn AL, Michie PT, Hodgson DM, Harms L, 'Adolescent cannabinoid exposure interacts with other risk factors in schizophrenia: A review of the evidence from animal models', Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 116 202-220 (2020) [C1]
Many factors and their interaction are linked to the aetiology of schizophrenia, leading to the development of animal models of multiple risk factors and adverse exposures. Differ... [more]
Many factors and their interaction are linked to the aetiology of schizophrenia, leading to the development of animal models of multiple risk factors and adverse exposures. Differentiating between separate and combined effects for each factor could better elucidate schizophrenia pathology, and drive development of preventative strategies for high-load risk factors. An epidemiologically valid risk factor commonly associated with schizophrenia is adolescent cannabis use. The aim of this review is to evaluate how early-life adversity from various origins, in combination with adolescent cannabinoid exposure interact, and whether these interactions confer main, synergistic or protective effects in animal models of schizophrenia-like behavioural, cognitive and morphological alterations. Patterns emerge regarding which models show consistent synergistic or protective effects, particularly those models incorporating early-life exposure to maternal deprivation and maternal immune activation, and sex-specific effects are observed. It is evident that more research needs to be conducted to better understand the risks and alterations of interacting factors, with particular interest in sex differences, to better understand the translatability of these preclinical models to humans.
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Nova |
2020 |
Grasby KL, Jahanshad N, Painter JN, Colodro-Conde L, Bralten J, Hibar DP, et al., 'The genetic architecture of the human cerebral cortex', SCIENCE, 367 1340-+ (2020) [C1]
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Nova |
2020 |
McKewen M, Cooper PS, Wong ASW, Michie PT, Sauseng P, Karayanidis F, 'Task-switching costs have distinct phase-locked and nonphase-locked EEG power effects', PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY, 57 (2020) [C1]
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Nova |
2020 |
Nicolas K, Levi C, Evans TJ, Michie PT, Magin P, Quain D, et al., 'Cognition in the First Year After a Minor Stroke, Transient Ischemic Attack, or Mimic Event and the Role of Vascular Risk Factors', Frontiers in Neurology, 11 (2020) [C1]
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Nova |
2020 |
Carter A, Richards LJ, Apthorp D, Azghadi MR, Badcock DR, Balleine B, et al., 'A Neuroethics Framework for the Australian Brain Initiative (vol 101, pg 365, 2019)', NEURON, 105 201-201 (2020)
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2020 |
Parras GG, Valdés-Baizabal C, Harms L, Michie PT, Malmierca MS, 'The effect of NMDA-R antagonist, MK-801, on neuronal mismatch along the rat auditory thalamocortical pathway', Scientific Reports, 10 (2020) [C1]
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Nova |
2020 |
Skippen P, Fulham WR, Michie PT, Matzke D, Heathcote A, Karayanidis F, 'Reconsidering electrophysiological markers of response inhibition in light of trigger failures in the stop-signal task', Psychophysiology, 57 (2020) [C1]
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Nova |
2020 |
Kamitaki N, Sekar A, Handsaker RE, de Rivera H, Tooley K, Morris DL, et al., 'Complement genes contribute sex-biased vulnerability in diverse disorders', Nature, 582 577-581 (2020) [C1]
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Nova |
2020 |
Radua J, Vieta E, Shinohara R, Kochunov P, Quidé Y, Green MJ, et al., 'Increased power by harmonizing structural MRI site differences with the ComBat batch adjustment method in ENIGMA', NeuroImage, 218 (2020) [C1]
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Nova |
2020 |
Rahman T, Weickert CS, Harms L, Meehan C, Schall U, Todd J, et al., 'Effect of Immune Activation during Early Gestation or Late Gestation on Inhibitory Markers in Adult Male Rats', Scientific Reports, 10 (2020) [C1]
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Nova |
2020 |
Gaillard A, Rossell SL, Carruthers SP, Sumner PJ, Michie PT, Woods W, et al., 'Greater activation of the response inhibition network in females compared to males during stop signal task performance', Behavioural Brain Research, 386 (2020) [C1]
Previous neuroimaging studies have reported differences in regional brain activation between males and females during stop signal task performance, suggesting the presence of sex-... [more]
Previous neuroimaging studies have reported differences in regional brain activation between males and females during stop signal task performance, suggesting the presence of sex-linked differences in brain network organization of inhibitory ability. Despite a growing literature on sex differences during stop signal task performance, a consensus still has not been reached due to variations in task design and analysis methods. Due to these disparate findings we used up to date stop signal task methods to compare behavioral performance and associated brain activation between males and females using an event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging design. We observed that males were faster in inhibiting their responses, but females exhibited marked increased in stopping network activation, in addition to increased activation of the anterior insula and left amygdala. These findings suggest that males and females process stop signals differently.
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Nova |
2020 |
Liu X, Low SK, Atkins JR, Wu JQ, Reay WR, Cairns HM, et al., 'Wnt receptor gene FZD1 was associated with schizophrenia in genome-wide SNP analysis of the Australian Schizophrenia Research Bank cohort', Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 54 902-908 (2020) [C1]
Objectives: Large-scale genetic analysis of common variation in schizophrenia has been a powerful approach to understanding this complex but highly heritable psychotic disorder. T... [more]
Objectives: Large-scale genetic analysis of common variation in schizophrenia has been a powerful approach to understanding this complex but highly heritable psychotic disorder. To further investigate loci, genes and pathways associated more specifically in the well-characterized Australian Schizophrenia Research Bank cohort, we applied genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism analysis in these three annotation categories. Methods: We performed a case¿control genome-wide association study in 429 schizophrenia samples and 255 controls. Post-genome-wide association study analyses were then integrated with genomic annotations to explore the enrichment of variation at the gene and pathway level. We also examine candidate single-nucleotide polymorphisms with potential function within expression quantitative trait loci and investigate overall enrichment of variation within tissue-specific functional regulatory domains of the genome. Results: The strongest finding (p = 2.01 × 10-6, odds ratio = 1.82, 95% confidence interval = [1.42, 2.33]) in genome-wide association study was with rs10252923 at 7q21.13, downstream of FZD1 (frizzled class receptor 1). While this did not stand alone after correction, the involvement of FZD1 was supported by gene-based analysis, which exceeded the threshold for genome-wide significance (p = 2.78 × 10-6). Conclusion: The identification of FZD1, as an independent association signal at the gene level, supports the hypothesis that the Wnt signalling pathway is altered in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and may be an important target for therapeutic development.
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Nova |
2019 |
Duchatel RJ, Harms LR, Meehan CL, Michie PT, Bigland MJ, Smith DW, et al., 'Reduced cortical somatostatin gene expression in a rat model of maternal immune activation', PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH, 282 (2019) [C1]
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Nova |
2019 |
Rammos A, Gonzalez LAN, Weinberger DR, Mitchell KJ, Nicodemus KK, 'The role of polygenic risk score gene-set analysis in the context of the omnigenic model of schizophrenia', NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY, 44 1562-1569 (2019) [C1]
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Nova |
2019 |
Huckins LM, Dobbyn A, Ruderfer DM, Hoffman G, Wang W, Pardiñas AF, et al., 'Gene expression imputation across multiple brain regions provides insights into schizophrenia risk', Nature Genetics, 51 659-674 (2019) [C1]
Transcriptomic imputation approaches combine eQTL reference panels with large-scale genotype data in order to test associations between disease and gene expression. These genic as... [more]
Transcriptomic imputation approaches combine eQTL reference panels with large-scale genotype data in order to test associations between disease and gene expression. These genic associations could elucidate signals in complex genome-wide association study (GWAS) loci and may disentangle the role of different tissues in disease development. We used the largest eQTL reference panel for the dorso-lateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) to create a set of gene expression predictors and demonstrate their utility. We applied DLPFC and 12 GTEx-brain predictors to 40,299 schizophrenia cases and 65,264 matched controls for a large transcriptomic imputation study of schizophrenia. We identified 413 genic associations across 13 brain regions. Stepwise conditioning identified 67 non-MHC genes, of which 14 did not fall within previous GWAS loci. We identified 36 significantly enriched pathways, including hexosaminidase-A deficiency, and multiple porphyric disorder pathways. We investigated developmental expression patterns among the 67 non-MHC genes and identified specific groups of pre- and postnatal expression.
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Nova |
2019 |
Kennett J, Carter A, Bourne JA, Hall W, Levy N, Mattingley JB, et al., 'A Neuroethics Framework for the Australian Brain Initiative', Neuron, 101 365-369 (2019) [C1]
Neuroethics is central to the Australian Brain Initiative's aim to sustain a thriving and responsible neurotechnology industry. Diverse and inclusive community and stakeholde... [more]
Neuroethics is central to the Australian Brain Initiative's aim to sustain a thriving and responsible neurotechnology industry. Diverse and inclusive community and stakeholder engagement and a trans-disciplinary approach to neuroethics will be key to the success of the Australian Brain Initiative.
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Nova |
2019 |
Huckins LM, Dobbyn A, Ruderfer DM, Hoffman G, Wang W, Pardinas AF, et al., 'Gene expression imputation across multiple brain regions provides insights into schizophrenia risk (vol 51, pg 659, 2019)', NATURE GENETICS, 51 1068-1068 (2019)
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2019 |
Pouget JG, Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, Han B, Wu Y, Mignot E, Ollila HM, et al., 'Cross-disorder analysis of schizophrenia and 19 immune-mediated diseases identifies shared genetic risk.', Human molecular genetics, 28 3498-3513 (2019) [C1]
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Nova |
2019 |
Harold D, Connolly S, Riley BP, Kendler KS, McCarthy SE, McCombie WR, et al., 'Population-based identity-by-descent mapping combined with exome sequencing to detect rare risk variants for schizophrenia', American Journal of Medical Genetics, Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics, 180 223-231 (2019) [C1]
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) are highly effective at identifying common risk variants for schizophrenia. Rare risk variants are also important contributors to schizophr... [more]
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) are highly effective at identifying common risk variants for schizophrenia. Rare risk variants are also important contributors to schizophrenia etiology but, with the exception of large copy number variants, are difficult to detect with GWAS. Exome and genome sequencing, which have accelerated the study of rare variants, are expensive so alternative methods are needed to aid detection of rare variants. Here we re-analyze an Irish schizophrenia GWAS dataset (n = 3,473) by performing identity-by-descent (IBD) mapping followed by exome sequencing of individuals identified as sharing risk haplotypes to search for rare risk variants in coding regions. We identified 45 rare haplotypes (>1 cM) that were significantly more common in cases than controls. By exome sequencing 105 haplotype carriers, we investigated these haplotypes for functional coding variants that could be tested for association in independent GWAS samples. We identified one rare missense variant in PCNT but did not find statistical support for an association with schizophrenia in a replication analysis. However, IBD mapping can prioritize both individual samples and genomic regions for follow-up analysis but genome rather than exome sequencing may be more effective at detecting risk variants on rare haplotypes.
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Nova |
2019 |
Skippen P, Matzke D, Heathcote A, Fulham WR, Michie P, Karayanidis F, 'Reliability of triggering inhibitory process is a better predictor of impulsivity than SSRT', Acta Psychologica, 192 104-117 (2019) [C1]
The ability to control behaviour is thought to rely at least partly on adequately suppressing impulsive responses to external stimuli. However, the evidence for a relationship bet... [more]
The ability to control behaviour is thought to rely at least partly on adequately suppressing impulsive responses to external stimuli. However, the evidence for a relationship between response inhibition ability and impulse control is weak and inconsistent. This study investigates the relationship between response inhibition and both self-report and behavioural measures of impulsivity as well as engagement in risky behaviours in a large community sample (N = 174) of healthy adolescents and young adults (15¿35 years). Using a stop-signal paradigm with a number parity go task, we implemented a novel hierarchical Bayesian model of response inhibition that estimates stop-signal reaction time (SSRT) as a distribution and also accounts for failures to react to the stop-signal (i.e., ¿trigger failure¿), and failure to react to the choice stimulus (i.e., ¿go failure¿ or omission errors). In line with previous studies, the model reduced estimates of SSRT by approximately 100 ms compared with traditional non-parametric SSRT estimation techniques. We found significant relationships between behavioural and self-report measures of impulsivity and traditionally estimated SSRT, that did not hold for the model-based SSRT estimates. Instead, behavioural impulsivity measures were correlated with rate of trigger failure. The relationship between trigger failure and impulsivity suggests that the former may index a higher order inhibition process, whereas SSRT may index a more automatic inhibition process. We suggest that the existence of distinct response inhibition processes that may be associated with different levels of cognitive control.
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Nova |
2019 |
McKewen M, Skippen P, Cooper PS, Wong ASW, Michie PT, Lenroot R, Karayanidis F, 'Does cognitive control ability mediate the relationship between reward-related mechanisms, impulsivity, and maladaptive outcomes in adolescence and young adulthood?', Cognitive, Affective and Behavioral Neuroscience, 19 653-676 (2019) [C1]
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Nova |
2019 |
Solowij N, Broyd S, Greenwood LM, van Hell H, Martelozzo D, Rueb K, et al., 'A randomised controlled trial of vaporised
Access to cannabis and cannabinoid products is increasing worldwide for recreational and medicinal use. Two primary compounds within cannabis plant matter, ¿ 9 -tetrahydrocannabin... [more]
Access to cannabis and cannabinoid products is increasing worldwide for recreational and medicinal use. Two primary compounds within cannabis plant matter, ¿ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), are both psychoactive, but only THC is considered intoxicating. There is significant interest in potential therapeutic properties of these cannabinoids and of CBD in particular. Some research has suggested that CBD may ameliorate adverse effects of THC, but this may be dose dependent as other evidence suggests possible potentiating effects of THC by low doses of CBD. We conducted a randomised placebo controlled trial to examine the acute effects of these compounds alone and in combination when administered by vaporisation to frequent and infrequent cannabis users. Participants (n = 36; 31 male) completed 5 drug conditions spaced one week apart, with the following planned contrasts: placebo vs CBD alone (400¿mg); THC alone (8¿mg) vs THC combined with low (4¿mg) or high (400¿mg) doses of CBD. Objective (blind observer ratings) and subjective (self-rated) measures of intoxication were the primary outcomes, with additional indices of intoxication examined. CBD showed some intoxicating properties relative to placebo. Low doses of CBD when combined with THC enhanced, while high doses of CBD reduced the intoxicating effects of THC. The enhancement of intoxication by low-dose CBD was particularly prominent in infrequent cannabis users and was consistent across objective and subjective measures. Most effects were significant at p <.0001. These findings are important to consider in terms of recommended proportions of THC and CBD in cannabis plant matter whether used medicinally or recreationally and have implications for novice or less experienced cannabis users. Trial registration: ISRCTN Registry Identifier: ISRCTN24109245.
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Nova |
2018 |
Ni G, Gratten J, Wray NR, Lee SH, Ripke S, Neale BM, et al., 'Age at first birth in women is genetically associated with increased risk of schizophrenia', Scientific Reports, 8 (2018) [C1]
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Nova |
2018 |
Kelly S, Jahanshad N, Zalesky A, Kochunov P, Agartz I, Alloza C, et al., 'Widespread white matter microstructural differences in schizophrenia across 4322 individuals: results from the ENIGMA Schizophrenia DTI Working Group.', Molecular psychiatry, 23 1261-1269 (2018) [C1]
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Nova |
2018 |
Harms L, Fulham WR, Todd J, Meehan C, Schall U, Hodgson DM, Michie PT, 'Late deviance detection in rats is reduced, while early deviance detection is augmented by the NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801', Schizophrenia Research, 191 43-50 (2018) [C1]
One of the most robust electrophysiological features of schizophrenia is reduced mismatch negativity, a component of the event related potential (ERP) induced by rare and unexpect... [more]
One of the most robust electrophysiological features of schizophrenia is reduced mismatch negativity, a component of the event related potential (ERP) induced by rare and unexpected stimuli in an otherwise regular pattern. Emerging evidence suggests that mismatch negativity (MMN) is not the only ERP index of deviance detection in the mammalian brain and that sensitivity to deviant sounds in a regular background can be observed at earlier latencies in both the human and rodent brain. Pharmacological studies in humans and rodents have previously found that MMN reductions similar to those seen in schizophrenia can be elicited by N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonism, an observation in agreement with the hypothesised role of NMDA receptor hypofunction in schizophrenia pathogenesis. However, it is not known how NMDA receptor antagonism affects early deviance detection responses. Here, we show that NMDA antagonism impacts both early and late deviance detection responses. By recording EEG in awake, freely-moving rats in a drug-free condition and after varying doses of NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801, we found the hypothesised reduction of deviance detection for a late, negative potential (N55). However, the amplitude of an early component, P13, as well as deviance detection evident in the same component, were increased by NMDA receptor antagonism. These findings indicate that late deviance detection in rats is similar to human MMN, but the surprising effect of MK-801 in increasing ERP amplitudes as well as deviance detection at earlier latencies suggests that future studies in humans should examine ERPs over early latencies in schizophrenia and after NMDA antagonism.
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Nova |
2018 |
van Erp TGM, Walton E, Hibar DP, Schmaal L, Jiang W, Glahn DC, et al., 'Cortical Brain Abnormalities in 4474 Individuals With Schizophrenia and 5098 Control Subjects via the Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics Through Meta Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium', Biological Psychiatry, 84 644-654 (2018) [C1]
Background: The profile of cortical neuroanatomical abnormalities in schizophrenia is not fully understood, despite hundreds of published structural brain imaging studies. This st... [more]
Background: The profile of cortical neuroanatomical abnormalities in schizophrenia is not fully understood, despite hundreds of published structural brain imaging studies. This study presents the first meta-analysis of cortical thickness and surface area abnormalities in schizophrenia conducted by the ENIGMA (Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics through Meta Analysis) Schizophrenia Working Group. Methods: The study included data from 4474 individuals with schizophrenia (mean age, 32.3 years; range, 11¿78 years; 66% male) and 5098 healthy volunteers (mean age, 32.8 years; range, 10¿87 years; 53% male) assessed with standardized methods at 39 centers worldwide. Results: Compared with healthy volunteers, individuals with schizophrenia have widespread thinner cortex (left/right hemisphere: Cohen's d = -0.530/-0.516) and smaller surface area (left/right hemisphere: Cohen's d = -0.251/-0.254), with the largest effect sizes for both in frontal and temporal lobe regions. Regional group differences in cortical thickness remained significant when statistically controlling for global cortical thickness, suggesting regional specificity. In contrast, effects for cortical surface area appear global. Case-control, negative, cortical thickness effect sizes were two to three times larger in individuals receiving antipsychotic medication relative to unmedicated individuals. Negative correlations between age and bilateral temporal pole thickness were stronger in individuals with schizophrenia than in healthy volunteers. Regional cortical thickness showed significant negative correlations with normalized medication dose, symptom severity, and duration of illness and positive correlations with age at onset. Conclusions: The findings indicate that the ENIGMA meta-analysis approach can achieve robust findings in clinical neuroscience studies; also, medication effects should be taken into account in future genetic association studies of cortical thickness in schizophrenia.
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Nova |
2018 |
Wong ASW, Cooper PS, Conley AC, McKewen M, Fulham WR, Michie PT, Karayanidis F, 'Event-Related Potential Responses to Task Switching Are Sensitive to Choice of Spatial Filter', FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE, 12 (2018) [C1]
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Nova |
2018 |
Duchatel RJ, Meehan CL, Harms LR, Michie PT, Bigland MJ, Smith DW, et al., 'Increased complement component 4 (C4) gene expression in the cingulate cortex of rats exposed to late gestation immune activation', SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH, 199 442-444 (2018)
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2018 |
Duchatel RJ, Meehan CL, Harms LR, Michie PT, Bigland MJ, Smith DW, et al., 'Late gestation immune activation increases IBA1-positive immunoreactivity levels in the corpus callosum of adult rat offspring', Psychiatry Research, 266 175-185 (2018) [C1]
Animal models of maternal immune activation study the effects of infection, an environmental risk factor for schizophrenia, on brain development. Microglia activation and cytokine... [more]
Animal models of maternal immune activation study the effects of infection, an environmental risk factor for schizophrenia, on brain development. Microglia activation and cytokine upregulation may have key roles in schizophrenia neuropathology. We hypothesised that maternal immune activation induces changes in microglia and cytokines in the brains of the adult offspring. Maternal immune activation was induced by injecting polyriboinosinic:polyribocytidylic acid into pregnant rats on gestational day (GD) 10 or GD19, with brain tissue collected from the offspring at adulthood. We observed no change in Iba1, Gfap, IL1-ß and TNF-a mRNA levels in the cingulate cortex (CC) in adult offspring exposed to maternal immune activation. Prenatal exposure to immune activation had a significant main effect on microglial IBA1-positive immunoreactive material (IBA1+IRM) in the corpus callosum; post-hoc analyses identified a significant increase in GD19 offspring, but not GD10. No change in was observed in the CC. In contrast, maternal immune activation had a significant main effect on GFAP+IRM in the CC at GD19 (not GD10); post-hoc analyses only identified a strong trend towards increased GFAP+IRM in the GD19 offspring, with no white matter changes. This suggests late gestation maternal immune activation causes subtle alterations to microglia and astrocytes in the adult offspring.
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Nova |
2018 |
Amadio J, Bi GQ, Boshears PF, Carter A, Devor A, Doya K, et al., 'Neuroethics Questions to Guide Ethical Research in the International Brain Initiatives', Neuron, 100 19-36 (2018) [C1]
Increasingly, national governments across the globe are prioritizing investments in neuroscience. Currently, seven active or in-development national-level brain research initiativ... [more]
Increasingly, national governments across the globe are prioritizing investments in neuroscience. Currently, seven active or in-development national-level brain research initiatives exist, spanning four continents. Engaging with the underlying values and ethical concerns that drive brain research across cultural and continental divides is critical to future research. Culture influences what kinds of science are supported and where science can be conducted through ethical frameworks and evaluations of risk. Neuroscientists and philosophers alike have found themselves together encountering perennial questions; these questions are engaged by the field of neuroethics, related to the nature of understanding the self and identity, the existence and meaning of free will, defining the role of reason in human behavior, and more. With this Perspective article, we aim to prioritize and advance to the foreground a list of neuroethics questions for neuroscientists operating in the context of these international brain initiatives. Neuroscience is a national priority across the globe necessitating engagement with the underlying cultural and ethical values that drive brain research. We offer a list of neuroethics questions for neuroscientists to advance and accelerate an ethically tenable globalized neuroscience.
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Nova |
2018 |
Ruderfer DM, Ripke S, McQuillin A, Boocock J, Stahl EA, Pavlides JMW, et al., 'Genomic Dissection of Bipolar Disorder and Schizophrenia, Including 28 Subphenotypes', Cell, 173 1705-1715.e16 (2018) [C1]
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Nova |
2018 |
Greenwood L-M, Leung S, Michie PT, Green A, Nathan PJ, Fitzgerald P, et al., 'The effects of glycine on auditory mismatch negativity in schizophrenia', SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH, 191 61-69 (2018) [C1]
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Nova |
2018 |
Ni G, Moser G, Ripke S, Neale BM, Corvin A, Walters JTR, et al., 'Estimation of Genetic Correlation via Linkage Disequilibrium Score Regression and Genomic Restricted Maximum Likelihood', American Journal of Human Genetics, 102 1185-1194 (2018) [C1]
Genetic correlation is a key population parameter that describes the shared genetic architecture of complex traits and diseases. It can be estimated by current state-of-art method... [more]
Genetic correlation is a key population parameter that describes the shared genetic architecture of complex traits and diseases. It can be estimated by current state-of-art methods, i.e., linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC) and genomic restricted maximum likelihood (GREML). The massively reduced computing burden of LDSC compared to GREML makes it an attractive tool, although the accuracy (i.e., magnitude of standard errors) of LDSC estimates has not been thoroughly studied. In simulation, we show that the accuracy of GREML is generally higher than that of LDSC. When there is genetic heterogeneity between the actual sample and reference data from which LD scores are estimated, the accuracy of LDSC decreases further. In real data analyses estimating the genetic correlation between schizophrenia (SCZ) and body mass index, we show that GREML estimates based on ~150,000 individuals give a higher accuracy than LDSC estimates based on ~400,000 individuals (from combined meta-data). A GREML genomic partitioning analysis reveals that the genetic correlation between SCZ and height is significantly negative for regulatory regions, which whole genome or LDSC approach has less power to detect. We conclude that LDSC estimates should be carefully interpreted as there can be uncertainty about homogeneity among combined meta-datasets. We suggest that any interesting findings from massive LDSC analysis for a large number of complex traits should be followed up, where possible, with more detailed analyses with GREML methods, even if sample sizes are lesser.
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Nova |
2018 |
Gray A, Tattoli R, Dunn A, Hodgson DM, Michie PT, Harms L, 'Maternal immune activation in mid-late gestation alters amphetamine sensitivity and object recognition, but not other schizophrenia-related behaviours in adult rats.', Behavioural brain research, 358-364 (2018) [C1]
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Nova |
2017 |
Le Hellard S, Wang Y, Witoelar A, Zuber V, Bettella F, Hugdahl K, et al., 'Identification of Gene Loci That Overlap Between Schizophrenia and Educational Attainment', Schizophrenia Bulletin, 43 654-664 (2017) [C1]
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Nova |
2017 |
Meehan C, Harms L, Frost JD, Barreto R, Todd J, Schall U, et al., 'Effects of immune activation during early or late gestation on schizophrenia-related behaviour in adult rat offspring', Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 63 8-20 (2017) [C1]
Maternal exposure to infectious agents during gestation has been identified as a significant risk factor for schizophrenia. Using a mouse model, past work has demonstrated that th... [more]
Maternal exposure to infectious agents during gestation has been identified as a significant risk factor for schizophrenia. Using a mouse model, past work has demonstrated that the gestational timing of the immune-activating event can impact the behavioural phenotype and expression of dopaminergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission markers in the offspring. In order to determine the inter-species generality of this effect to rats, another commonly used model species, the current study investigated the impact of a viral mimetic Poly (I:C) at either an early (gestational day 10) or late (gestational day 19) time-point on schizophrenia-related behaviour and neurotransmitter receptor expression in rat offspring. Exposure to Poly (I:C) in late, but not early, gestation resulted in transient impairments in working memory. In addition, male rats exposed to maternal immune activation (MIA) in either early or late gestation exhibited sensorimotor gating deficits. Conversely, neither early nor late MIA exposure altered locomotor responses to MK-801 or amphetamine. In addition, increased dopamine 1 receptor mRNA levels were found in the nucleus accumbens of male rats exposed to early gestational MIA. The findings from this study diverge somewhat from previous findings in mice with MIA exposure, which were often found to exhibit a more comprehensive spectrum of schizophrenia-like phenotypes in both males and females, indicating potential differences in the neurodevelopmental vulnerability to MIA exposure in the rat with regards to schizophrenia related changes.
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Nova |
2017 |
Atkinson RJ, Fulham WR, Michie PT, Ward PB, Todd J, Stain H, et al., 'Electrophysiological, cognitive and clinical profiles of at-risk mental state: The longitudinal Minds in Transition (MinT) study', PLOS ONE, 12 (2017) [C1]
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Nova |
2017 |
Cooper PS, Wong ASW, McKewen M, Michie PT, Karayanidis F, 'Frontoparietal theta oscillations during proactive control are associated with goal-updating and reduced behavioral variability', Biological Psychology, 129 253-264 (2017) [C1]
Low frequency oscillations in the theta range (4¿8 Hz) are increasingly recognized as having a crucial role in flexible cognition. Such evidence is typically derived from studies ... [more]
Low frequency oscillations in the theta range (4¿8 Hz) are increasingly recognized as having a crucial role in flexible cognition. Such evidence is typically derived from studies in the context of reactive (stimulus-driven) control processes. However, little research has explored the role of theta oscillations in preparatory control processes. In the current study, we explored the extent of theta oscillations during proactive cognitive control and determined if these oscillations were associated with behavior. Results supported a general role of theta oscillations during proactive cognitive control, with increased power and phase coherence during the preparatory cue interval. Further, theta oscillations across frontoparietal electrodes were also modulated by proactive control demands, with increased theta phase synchrony and power for cues signaling the need for goal updating. Finally, we present novel evidence of negative associations between behavioral variability and both power and phase synchrony across many of these frontoparietal electrodes that were associated with the need for goal updating. In particular, greater consistency in frontoparietal theta oscillations, indicated by increased theta phase and power during mixed-task blocks, resulted in more consistent task-switching performance. Together, these findings provide new insight into the temporal dynamics and functional relevance of theta oscillations during proactive cognitive control.
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Nova |
2017 |
Matzke D, Hughes M, Badcock JC, Michie P, Heathcote A, 'Failures of cognitive control or attention? The case of stop-signal deficits in schizophrenia', Attention, Perception, and Psychophysics, 79 1078-1086 (2017) [C1]
We used Bayesian cognitive modelling to identify the underlying causes of apparent inhibitory deficits in the stop-signal paradigm. The analysis was applied to stop-signal data re... [more]
We used Bayesian cognitive modelling to identify the underlying causes of apparent inhibitory deficits in the stop-signal paradigm. The analysis was applied to stop-signal data reported by Badcock et al. (Psychological Medicine 32: 87-297, 2002) and Hughes et al. (Biological Psychology 89: 220-231, 2012), where schizophrenia patients and control participants made rapid choice responses, but on some trials were signalled to stop their ongoing response. Previous research has assumed an inhibitory deficit in schizophrenia, because estimates of the mean time taken to react to the stop signal are longer in patients than controls. We showed that these longer estimates are partly due to failing to react to the stop signal (¿trigger failures¿) and partly due to a slower initiation of inhibition, implicating a failure of attention rather than a deficit in the inhibitory process itself. Correlations between the probability of trigger failures and event-related potentials reported by Hughes et al. are interpreted as supporting the attentional account of inhibitory deficits. Our results, and those of Matzke et al. (2016), who report that controls also display a substantial although lower trigger-failure rate, indicate that attentional factors need to be taken into account when interpreting results from the stop-signal paradigm.
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Nova |
2017 |
Rahman T, Zavitsanou K, Purves-Tyson T, Harms LR, Meehan C, Schall U, et al., 'Effects of Immune Activation during Early or Late Gestation on N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Measures in Adult Rat Offspring', FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY, 8 (2017) [C1]
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Nova |
2017 |
Klauser P, Baker ST, Cropley VL, Bousman C, Fornito A, Cocchi L, et al., 'White Matter Disruptions in Schizophrenia Are Spatially Widespread and Topologically Converge on Brain Network Hubs', Schizophrenia Bulletin, 43 425-435 (2017) [C1]
White matter abnormalities associated with schizophrenia have been widely reported, although the consistency of findings across studies is moderate. In this study, neuroimaging wa... [more]
White matter abnormalities associated with schizophrenia have been widely reported, although the consistency of findings across studies is moderate. In this study, neuroimaging was used to investigate white matter pathology and its impact on whole-brain white matter connectivity in one of the largest samples of patients with schizophrenia. Fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) were compared between patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (n = 326) and age-matched healthy controls (n = 197). Between-group differences in FA and MD were assessed using voxel-based analysis and permutation testing. Automated whole-brain white matter fiber tracking and the network-based statistic were used to characterize the impact of white matter pathology on the connectome and its rich club. Significant reductions in FA associated with schizophrenia were widespread, encompassing more than 40% (234ml) of cerebral white matter by volume and involving all cerebral lobes. Significant increases in MD were also widespread and distributed similarly. The corpus callosum, cingulum, and thalamic radiations exhibited the most extensive pathology according to effect size. More than 50% of cortico-cortical and cortico-subcortical white matter fiber bundles comprising the connectome were disrupted in schizophrenia. Connections between hub regions comprising the rich club were disproportionately affected. Pathology did not differ between patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder and was not mediated by medication. In conclusion, although connectivity between cerebral hubs is most extensively disturbed in schizophrenia, white matter pathology is widespread, affecting all cerebral lobes and the cerebellum, leading to disruptions in the majority of the brain's fiber bundles.
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Nova |
2017 |
Marshall CR, Howrigan DP, Merico D, Thiruvahindrapuram B, Wu W, Greer DS, et al., 'Contribution of copy number variants to schizophrenia from a genome-wide study of 41,321 subjects', Nature Genetics, 49 27-35 (2017) [C1]
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Nova |
2017 |
McLaughlin RL, Schijven D, Van Rheenen W, Van Eijk KR, O'Brien M, Kahn RS, et al., 'Genetic correlation between amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and schizophrenia', Nature Communications, 8 (2017) [C1]
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Nova |
2017 |
Taylor JA, Matthews N, Michie PT, Rosa MJ, Garrido MI, 'Auditory prediction errors as individual biomarkers of schizophrenia', NeuroImage: Clinical, 15 264-273 (2017) [C1]
Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder, typically diagnosed through symptomatic evidence collected through patient interview. We aim to develop an objective biologically-... [more]
Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder, typically diagnosed through symptomatic evidence collected through patient interview. We aim to develop an objective biologically-based computational tool which aids diagnosis and relies on accessible imaging technologies such as electroencephalography (EEG). To achieve this, we used machine learning techniques and a combination of paradigms designed to elicit prediction errors or Mismatch Negativity (MMN) responses. MMN, an EEG component elicited by unpredictable changes in sequences of auditory stimuli, has previously been shown to be reduced in people with schizophrenia and this is arguably one of the most reproducible neurophysiological markers of schizophrenia. EEG data were acquired from 21 patients with schizophrenia and 22 healthy controls whilst they listened to three auditory oddball paradigms comprising sequences of tones which deviated in 10% of trials from regularly occurring standard tones. Deviant tones shared the same properties as standard tones, except for one physical aspect: 1) duration - the deviant stimulus was twice the duration of the standard; 2) monaural gap - deviants had a silent interval omitted from the standard, or 3) inter-aural timing difference, which caused the deviant location to be perceived as 90° away from the standards. We used multivariate pattern analysis, a machine learning technique implemented in the Pattern Recognition for Neuroimaging Toolbox (PRoNTo) to classify images generated through statistical parametric mapping (SPM) of spatiotemporal EEG data, i.e. event-related potentials measured on the two-dimensional surface of the scalp over time. Using support vector machine (SVM) and Gaussian processes classifiers (GPC), we were able classify individual patients and controls with balanced accuracies of up to 80.48% (p-values = 0.0326, FDR corrected) and an ROC analysis yielding an AUC of 0.87. Crucially, a GP regression revealed that MMN predicted global assessment of functioning (GAF) scores (correlation = 0.73, R2 = 0.53, p = 0.0006).
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Nova |
2017 |
Jolly TAD, Cooper PS, Rennie JL, Levi CR, Lenroot R, Parsons MW, et al., 'Age-related decline in task switching is linked to both global and tract-specific changes in white matter microstructure', Human Brain Mapping, 38 1588-1603 (2017) [C1]
Task-switching performance relies on a broadly distributed frontoparietal network and declines in older adults. In this study, they investigated whether this age-related decline i... [more]
Task-switching performance relies on a broadly distributed frontoparietal network and declines in older adults. In this study, they investigated whether this age-related decline in task switching performance was mediated by variability in global or regional white matter microstructural health. Seventy cognitively intact adults (43¿87 years) completed a cued-trials task switching paradigm. Microstructural white matter measures were derived using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) analyses on the diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) sequence. Task switching performance decreased with increasing age and radial diffusivity (RaD), a measure of white matter microstructure that is sensitive to myelin structure. RaD mediated the relationship between age and task switching performance. However, the relationship between RaD and task switching performance remained significant when controlling for age and was stronger in the presence of cardiovascular risk factors. Variability in error and RT mixing cost were associated with RaD in global white matter and in frontoparietal white matter tracts, respectively. These findings suggest that age-related increase in mixing cost may result from both global and tract-specific disruption of cerebral white matter linked to the increased incidence of cardiovascular risks in older adults. Hum Brain Mapp 38:1588¿1603, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Nova |
2016 |
Duchatel RJ, Jobling P, Graham BA, Harms LR, Michie PT, Hodgson DM, Tooney PA, 'Increased white matter neuron density in a rat model of maternal immune activation - Implications for schizophrenia', Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 65 118-126 (2016) [C1]
Interstitial neurons are located among white matter tracts of the human and rodent brain. Post-mortem studies have identified increased interstitial white matter neuron (IWMN) den... [more]
Interstitial neurons are located among white matter tracts of the human and rodent brain. Post-mortem studies have identified increased interstitial white matter neuron (IWMN) density in the fibre tracts below the cortex in people with schizophrenia. The current study assesses IWMN pathology in a model of maternal immune activation (MIA); a risk factor for schizophrenia. Experimental MIA was produced by an injection of polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (PolyI:C) into pregnant rats on gestational day (GD) 10 or GD19. A separate control group received saline injections. The density of neuronal nuclear antigen (NeuN<sup>+</sup>) and somatostatin (SST<sup>+</sup>) IWMNs was determined in the white matter of the corpus callosum in two rostrocaudally adjacent areas in the 12week old offspring of GD10 (n=10) or GD19 polyI:C dams (n=18) compared to controls (n=20). NeuN<sup>+</sup> IWMN density trended to be higher in offspring from dams exposed to polyI:C at GD19, but not GD10. A subpopulation of these NeuN<sup>+</sup> IWMNs was shown to express SST. PolyI:C treatment of dams induced a significant increase in the density of SST<sup>+</sup> IWMNs in the offspring when delivered at both gestational stages with more regionally widespread effects observed at GD19. A positive correlation was observed between NeuN<sup>+</sup> and SST<sup>+</sup> IWMN density in animals exposed to polyI:C at GD19, but not controls. This is the first study to show that MIA increases IWMN density in adult offspring in a similar manner to that seen in the brain in schizophrenia. This suggests the MIA model will be useful in future studies aimed at probing the relationship between IWMNs and schizophrenia.
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Nova |
2016 |
Michie PT, Malmierca MS, Harms L, Todd J, 'Understanding the neurobiology of MMN and its reduction in schizophrenia', BIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY, 116 1-3 (2016)
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2016 |
Broyd SJ, Michie PT, Bruggemann J, van Hell HH, Greenwood LM, Croft RJ, et al., 'Schizotypy and auditory mismatch negativity in a non-clinical sample of young adults', Psychiatry Research - Neuroimaging, 254 83-91 (2016) [C1]
Schizophrenia may be conceptualised using a dimensional approach to examine trait-like expression such as schizotypy within non-clinical populations to better understand pathophys... [more]
Schizophrenia may be conceptualised using a dimensional approach to examine trait-like expression such as schizotypy within non-clinical populations to better understand pathophysiology. A candidate psychosis-risk marker, the auditory mismatch negativity (MMN) is thought to index the functionality of glutamatergic NMDA receptor mediated neurotransmission. Although the MMN is robustly reduced in patients with schizophrenia, the association between MMN and schizotypy in the general population is under-investigated. Thirty-five healthy participants completed the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ) and a multi-feature MMN paradigm (standards 82%, 50¿ms, 1000¿Hz, 80¿dB) with duration (100¿ms), frequency (1200¿Hz) and intensity (90¿dB) deviants (6% each). Spearman's correlations were used to explore the association between schizotypal personality traits and MMN amplitude. Few associations were identified between schizotypal traits and MMN. Higher Suspiciousness subscale scores tended to be correlated with larger frequency MMN amplitude. A median-split comparison of the sample on Suspiciousness scores showed larger MMN (irrespective of deviant condition) in the High compared to the Low Suspiciousness group. The trend-level association between MMN and Suspiciousness is in contrast to the robustly attenuated MMN amplitude observed in schizophrenia. Reductions in MMN may reflect a schizophrenia-disease state, whereas non-clinical schizotypy may not be subserved by similar neuropathology.
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Nova |
2016 |
Dassanayake TL, Michie PT, Fulham R, 'Effect of temporal predictability on exogenous attentional modulation of feedforward processing in the striate cortex.', Int J Psychophysiol, 105 9-16 (2016) [C1]
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Nova |
2016 |
Johnson EC, Bjelland DW, Howrigan DP, Abdellaoui A, Breen G, Borglum A, et al., 'No Reliable Association between Runs of Homozygosity and Schizophrenia in a Well-Powered Replication Study', PLOS Genetics, 12 e1006343-e1006343 [C1]
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Nova |
2016 |
Harms L, Michie PT, Näätänen R, 'Criteria for determining whether mismatch responses exist in animal models: Focus on rodents', Biological Psychology, 116 28-35 (2016) [C1]
The mismatch negativity (MMN) component of the auditory event-related potential, elicited in response to unexpected stimuli in the auditory environment, has great value for cognit... [more]
The mismatch negativity (MMN) component of the auditory event-related potential, elicited in response to unexpected stimuli in the auditory environment, has great value for cognitive neuroscience research. It is changed in several neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia. The ability to measure and manipulate MMN-like responses in animal models, particularly rodents, would provide an enormous opportunity to learn more about the neurobiology underlying MMN. However, the MMN in humans is a very specific phenomenon: how do we decide which features we should focus on emulating in an animal model to achieve the highest level of translational validity? Here we discuss some of the key features of MMN in humans and summarise the success with which they have been translated into rodent models. Many studies from several different labs have successfully shown that the rat brain is capable of generating deviance detection responses that satisfy of the criteria for the human MMN.
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Nova |
2016 |
Jolly TAD, Cooper PS, Wan Ahmadul Badwi SA, Phillips NA, Rennie JL, Levi CR, et al., 'Microstructural white matter changes mediate age-related cognitive decline on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)', Psychophysiology, 53 258-267 (2016) [C1]
Although the relationship between aging and cognitive decline is well established, there is substantial individual variability in the degree of cognitive decline in older adults. ... [more]
Although the relationship between aging and cognitive decline is well established, there is substantial individual variability in the degree of cognitive decline in older adults. The present study investigates whether variability in cognitive performance in community-dwelling older adults is related to the presence of whole brain or tract-specific changes in white matter microstructure. Specifically, we examine whether age-related decline in performance on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), a cognitive screening tool, is mediated by the white matter microstructural decline. We also examine if this relationship is driven by the presence of cardiovascular risk factors or variability in cerebral arterial pulsatility, an index of cardiovascular risk. Sixty-nine participants (aged 43-87) completed behavioral and MRI testing including T1 structural, T2-weighted FLAIR, and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) sequences. Measures of white matter microstructure were calculated using diffusion tensor imaging analyses on the DWI sequence. Multiple linear regression revealed that MoCA scores were predicted by radial diffusivity (RaD) of white matter beyond age or other cerebral measures. While increasing age and arterial pulsatility were associated with increasing RaD, these factors did not mediate the relationship between total white matter RaD and MoCA. Further, the relationship between MoCA and RaD was specific to participants who reported at least one cardiovascular risk factor. These findings highlight the importance of cardiovascular risk factors in the presentation of cognitive decline in old age. Further work is needed to establish whether medical or lifestyle management of these risk factors can prevent or reverse cognitive decline in old age.
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Nova |
2016 |
Hauberg ME, Roussos P, Grove J, Børglum AD, Mattheisen M, 'Analyzing the Role of MicroRNAs in Schizophrenia in the Context of Common Genetic Risk Variants', JAMA Psychiatry, 73 369-369 (2016) [C1]
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Nova |
2016 |
Broyd SJ, Greenwood LM, Van Hell HH, Croft RJ, Coyle H, Lee-Bates B, et al., 'Mismatch negativity and P50 sensory gating in abstinent former cannabis users', Neural Plasticity, 2016 (2016) [C1]
Prolonged heavy exposure to cannabis is associated with impaired cognition and brain functional and structural alterations. We recently reported attenuated mismatch negativity (MM... [more]
Prolonged heavy exposure to cannabis is associated with impaired cognition and brain functional and structural alterations. We recently reported attenuated mismatch negativity (MMN) and altered P50 sensory gating in chronic cannabis users. This study investigated the extent of brain functional recovery (indexed by MMN and P50) in chronic users after cessation of use. Eighteen ex-users (median 13.5 years prior regular use; median 3.5 years abstinence) and 18 nonusers completed (1) a multifeature oddball task with duration, frequency, and intensity deviants and (2) a P50 paired-click paradigm. Trend level smaller duration MMN amplitude and larger P50 ratios (indicative of poorer sensory gating) were observed in ex-users compared to controls. Poorer P50 gating correlated with prior duration of cannabis use. Duration of abstinence was positively correlated with duration MMN amplitude, even after controlling for age and duration of cannabis use. Impaired sensory gating and attenuated MMN amplitude tended to persist in ex-users after prolonged cessation of use, suggesting a lack of full recovery. An association with prolonged duration of prior cannabis use may indicate persistent cannabis-related alterations to P50 sensory gating. Greater reductions in MMN amplitude with increasing abstinence (positive correlation) may be related to either self-medication or an accelerated aging process.
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Nova |
2016 |
Franke B, Stein JL, Ripke S, Anttila V, Hibar DP, van Hulzen KJE, et al., 'Genetic influences on schizophrenia and subcortical brain volumes: large-scale proof of concept', Nature Neuroscience, 19 420-431 (2016) [C1]
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Nova |
2016 |
Richards LR, Michie PT, Badcock DR, Bartlett PF, Bekkers JM, Bourne JA, et al., 'Australian Brain Alliance', Neuron, 92 597-600 (2016)
A proposal for an Australian Brain Initiative (ABI) is under development by members of the Australian Brain Alliance. Here we discuss the goals of the ABI, its areas of research f... [more]
A proposal for an Australian Brain Initiative (ABI) is under development by members of the Australian Brain Alliance. Here we discuss the goals of the ABI, its areas of research focus, its context in the Australian research setting, and its necessity for ensuring continued success for Australian brain research.
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Nova |
2016 |
Hughes ME, Fulham WR, Michie PT, 'Electrophysiological signatures of the race model in human primary motor cortex', Psychophysiology, 53 229-236 (2016) [C1]
For 30 years, the independent race model has been used to account for the attempt to reactively inhibit on-going responses in the stop-signal task (reactive behavioral inhibition)... [more]
For 30 years, the independent race model has been used to account for the attempt to reactively inhibit on-going responses in the stop-signal task (reactive behavioral inhibition). The success of the race model derives in part by assuming that motor response activation speed is not different on inhibition trials compared to trials where inhibition is not required. To date, neurophysiological evidence supporting this assumption (context independence) has been limited, especially in human participants. In this study, we used EEG to investigate stop-signal task performance in human participants, focusing on lateralized readiness potentials (LRPs) to examine context independence in human primary motor cortex (M1). The current results provided support for the context independence assumption, and further showed that successful inhibition was largely contingent upon the timing of response activation in M1 relative to stop-signal onset. These data afford a valuable insight into how stop-signal response inhibition is effected in the human brain.
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2016 |
Sekar A, Bialas AR, de Rivera H, Davis A, Hammond TR, Kamitaki N, et al., 'Schizophrenia risk from complex variation of complement component 4', Nature, 530 177-183 (2016) [C1]
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2016 |
Karayanidis F, Keuken MC, Wong A, Rennie JL, de Hollander G, Cooper PS, et al., 'The Age-ility Project (Phase 1): Structural and functional imaging and electrophysiological data repository', NeuroImage, 124 1137-1142 (2016) [C1]
Our understanding of the complex interplay between structural and functional organisation of brain networks is being advanced by the development of novel multi-modal analyses appr... [more]
Our understanding of the complex interplay between structural and functional organisation of brain networks is being advanced by the development of novel multi-modal analyses approaches. The Age-ility Project (Phase 1) data repository offers open access to structural MRI, diffusion MRI, and resting-state fMRI scans, as well as resting-state EEG recorded from the same community participants (n = 131, 15-35 y, 66 male). Raw imaging and electrophysiological data as well as essential demographics are made available via the NITRC website. All data have been reviewed for artifacts using a rigorous quality control protocol and detailed case notes are provided.
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2016 |
Michie PT, Malmierca MS, Harms L, Todd J, 'The neurobiology of MMN and implications for schizophrenia', Biological Psychology, 116 90-97 (2016) [C1]
Although the scientific community appears to know a lot about MMN, about its neural generators and the computational processes that underlie its generation, do we have sufficient ... [more]
Although the scientific community appears to know a lot about MMN, about its neural generators and the computational processes that underlie its generation, do we have sufficient knowledge to understand what causes the reduction of MMN amplitude in schizophrenia? Here we attempt to integrate the evidence presented in this series of papers for the special issue on MMN in schizophrenia together with evidence from other new relevant research and ask-what have we learnt? While MMN research was the purview for decades of psychophysiologists interested in event-related potentials derived from scalp recorded EEG, it is now part of mainstream neuroscience research attracting the interest of basic auditory neuroscientists, neurobiologists and computational modellers. The confluence of these developments together with increasing clinical research has certainly advanced our understanding of the causes of reduced MMN in schizophrenia as this integrative review attempts to demonstrate-but much remains to be learnt. Future advances will rely on the application of multiple methodologies and approaches in order to arrive at better understanding of the neurobiology of MMN and implications for schizophrenia.
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2016 |
Bigdeli TB, Ripke S, Bacanu S, Lee SH, Wray NR, Gejman PV, et al., 'Genome-wide association study reveals greater polygenic loading for schizophrenia in cases with a family history of illness', American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics, 171 276-289 (2016) [C1]
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2016 |
Srinivasan S, Bettella F, Mattingsdal M, Wang Y, Witoelar A, Schork AJ, et al., 'Genetic Markers of Human Evolution Are Enriched in Schizophrenia', Biological Psychiatry, 80 284-292 (2016) [C1]
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2016 |
Mehta D, Tropf FC, Gratten J, Bakshi A, Zhu Z, Bacanu S-A, et al., 'Evidence for Genetic Overlap Between Schizophrenia and Age at First Birth in Women.', JAMA psychiatry, 73 497-505 (2016) [C1]
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2016 |
Wang Y, Thompson WK, Schork AJ, Holland D, Chen C-H, Bettella F, et al., 'Leveraging Genomic Annotations and Pleiotropic Enrichment for Improved Replication Rates in Schizophrenia GWAS', PLOS Genetics, 12 e1005803-e1005803 [C1]
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2015 |
Hunt SA, Kay-Lambkin FJ, Baker AL, Michie PT, 'Systematic review of neurocognition in people with co-occurring alcohol misuse and depression', Journal of Affective Disorders, 179 51-64 (2015) [C1]
Background Alcohol misuse and depression represent two major social and health problems globally. These conditions commonly co-occur and both are associated with significant cogni... [more]
Background Alcohol misuse and depression represent two major social and health problems globally. These conditions commonly co-occur and both are associated with significant cognitive impairment. Despite this, few studies have examined the impact on cognitive functioning of co-occurring alcohol misuse and depression. This study aims to critically review findings from peer-reviewed published articles examining neuropsychological test performance among samples of people with co-occurring alcohol misuse and depression. Method A comprehensive literature search was conducted, yielding six studies reporting neuropsychological profiles of people with co-occurring alcohol misuse and depression. Results comparing cognitive functioning of people with this comorbidity to those with alcohol misuse alone, depression alone, healthy controls and published norms were examined as well as those describing the correlation between depressive symptoms and cognitive functioning in people with alcohol use disorders. Results In the majority of instances, the comorbid groups did not differ significantly from those with depression only or alcohol misuse only, nor from healthy controls or published norms. In the cases where a difference in neuropsychological test scores between groups was found, it was not consistently identified across studies. However, visual memory was identified in two studies as being impaired in comorbid samples and is worthy of inclusion in future studies. Limitations Due to the small number of included studies and the large variation in inclusion criteria as well as differing assessment tools and methodologies between studies, the review did not include a quantitative synthesis. Conclusions Research into cognitive deficits among people with singly occurring versus co-occurring alcohol misuse and depression is accumulating. Evidence suggests that the neuropsychological performance among samples with this comorbidity is generally not severely impaired and is unlikely to preclude benefit from treatment.
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2015 |
Bulik-Sullivan B, Loh PR, Finucane HK, Ripke S, Yang J, Patterson N, et al., 'LD score regression distinguishes confounding from polygenicity in genome-wide association studies', Nature Genetics, 47 291-295 (2015) [C1]
Both polygenicity (many small genetic effects) and confounding biases, such as cryptic relatedness and population stratification, can yield an inflated distribution of test statis... [more]
Both polygenicity (many small genetic effects) and confounding biases, such as cryptic relatedness and population stratification, can yield an inflated distribution of test statistics in genome-wide association studies (GWAS). However, current methods cannot distinguish between inflation from a true polygenic signal and bias. We have developed an approach, LD Score regression, that quantifies the contribution of each by examining the relationship between test statistics and linkage disequilibrium (LD). The LD Score regression intercept can be used to estimate a more powerful and accurate correction factor than genomic control. We find strong evidence that polygenicity accounts for the majority of the inflation in test statistics in many GWAS of large sample size.
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2015 |
Oxley SOC, Dassanayake TL, Carter GL, Whyte I, Jones AL, Cooper G, Michie PT, 'Neurocognitive recovery after hospital-treated deliberate self-poisoning with central nervous system depressant drugs: A longitudinal cohort study', Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 35 672-680 (2015) [C1]
Hospital-treated deliberate self-poisoning (DSP) by central nervous system depressant drugs (CNS-D) has been associated with impairments in cognitive and psychomotor functions at ... [more]
Hospital-treated deliberate self-poisoning (DSP) by central nervous system depressant drugs (CNS-D) has been associated with impairments in cognitive and psychomotor functions at the time of discharge. We aimed to replicate this finding and to compare recovery in the first month after discharge for CNS-D and CNS nondepressant drug ingestions. We also examined a series of multivariate explanatory models of recovery of neurocognitive outcomes over time. The CNS-D group was impaired at discharge compared with the CNS-nondepressant group in cognitive flexibility, cognitive efficiency, and working memory. There were no significant differences at discharge in visual attention, processing speed, visuomotor speed, or inhibition speed. Both groups improved in the latter measures over 1 month of follow-up. However, the CNS-D group's recovery was significantly slower for key neurocognitive domains underlying driving in complex traffic situations, namely, cognitive flexibility, cognitive efficiency, and working memory. Patients discharged after DSP with CNS-D drugs have impairments of some critical cognitive functions that may require up to 1 month to recover. Although more pre-than post-DSP variables were retained as explanatory models of neurocognitive performance overall, recovery over time could not be explained by any one of the measured covariates. Tests of cognitive flexibility could be used in clinical settings as a proxy measure for recovery of driving ability. Regulatory authorities should also consider the implications of these results for the period of nondriving advised after ingestion of CNS-D in overdose. Future research, with adequate sample size, should examine contributions of other variables to the pattern of recovery over time.
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2015 |
Garrison JR, Fernyhough C, McCarthy-Jones S, Haggard M, Carr V, Schall U, et al., 'Paracingulate sulcus morphology is associated with hallucinations in the human brain', Nature Communications, 6 (2015) [C1]
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2015 |
Vilhjálmsson BJ, Yang J, Finucane HK, Gusev A, Lindström S, Ripke S, et al., 'Modeling Linkage Disequilibrium Increases Accuracy of Polygenic Risk Scores', American Journal of Human Genetics, 97 576-592 (2015) [C1]
Polygenic risk scores have shown great promise in predicting complex disease risk and will become more accurate as training sample sizes increase. The standard approach for calcul... [more]
Polygenic risk scores have shown great promise in predicting complex disease risk and will become more accurate as training sample sizes increase. The standard approach for calculating risk scores involves linkage disequilibrium (LD)-based marker pruning and applying a p value threshold to association statistics, but this discards information and can reduce predictive accuracy. We introduce LDpred, a method that infers the posterior mean effect size of each marker by using a prior on effect sizes and LD information from an external reference panel. Theory and simulations show that LDpred outperforms the approach of pruning followed by thresholding, particularly at large sample sizes. Accordingly, predicted R2 increased from 20.1% to 25.3% in a large schizophrenia dataset and from 9.8% to 12.0% in a large multiple sclerosis dataset. A similar relative improvement in accuracy was observed for three additional large disease datasets and for non-European schizophrenia samples. The advantage of LDpred over existing methods will grow as sample sizes increase.
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2015 |
Damaso KAM, Michie PT, Todd J, 'Paying attention to MMN in schizophrenia', Brain Research, 1626 267-279 (2015) [C1]
The aim of this review is to explore the phenomenon of reduced mismatch negativity (MMN) in persons with schizophrenia and the possible relationship it has with attention impairme... [more]
The aim of this review is to explore the phenomenon of reduced mismatch negativity (MMN) in persons with schizophrenia and the possible relationship it has with attention impairments. In doing so we discuss (i) the prediction error account of MMN, (ii) reduced MMN as a faulty predictive processing system in persons with schizophrenia, (iii) the role of these systems in relevance filtering and attentional resource protection, (iv) attentional impairments in persons with schizophrenia, and (v) research that has explored MMN and attention in schizophrenia groups. Our review of the literature suggests that no study has appropriately examined the functional impact of smaller MMN in schizophrenia on the performance of a concurrent attention task. We conclude that future research should explore this notion further in the hope that it might embed MMN findings within outcomes of functional significance to individuals with the illness and those providing treatment. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled SI: Prediction and Attention.
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2015 |
Cooper PS, Wong ASW, Fulham WR, Thienel R, Mansfield E, Michie PT, Karayanidis F, 'Theta frontoparietal connectivity associated with proactive and reactive cognitive control processes', NeuroImage, 108 354-363 (2015) [C1]
Cognitive control involves both proactive and reactive processes. Paradigms that rely on reactive control have shown that frontoparietal oscillatory synchronization in the theta f... [more]
Cognitive control involves both proactive and reactive processes. Paradigms that rely on reactive control have shown that frontoparietal oscillatory synchronization in the theta frequency band is associated with interference control. This study examines whether proactive control is also associated with connectivity in the same frontoparietal theta network or involves a distinct neural signature. A task-switching paradigm was used to differentiate between proactive and reactive control processes, involved in preparing to switch or repeat a task and resolving post-target interference, respectively. We confirm that reactive control is associated with frontoparietal theta connectivity. Importantly, we show that proactive control is also associated with theta band oscillatory synchronization but in a different frontoparietal network. These findings support the existence of distinct proactive and reactive cognitive control processes that activate different theta frontoparietal oscillatory networks.
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2015 |
Finucane HK, Bulik-Sullivan B, Gusev A, Trynka G, Reshef Y, Loh P-R, et al., 'Partitioning heritability by functional annotation using genome-wide association summary statistics', Nature Genetics, 47 1228-1235 (2015) [C1]
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Nova |
2015 |
Loh P-R, Bhatia G, Gusev A, Finucane HK, Bulik-Sullivan BK, Pollack SJ, et al., 'Contrasting genetic architectures of schizophrenia and other complex diseases using fast variance-components analysis', Nature Genetics, 47 1385-1392 (2015) [C1]
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Nova |
2015 |
Ingason A, Giegling I, Hartmann AM, Genius J, Konte B, Friedl M, et al., 'Expression analysis in a rat psychosis model identifies novel candidate genes validated in a large case control sample of schizophrenia', Translational Psychiatry, 5 e656-e656 [C1]
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Nova |
2015 |
Heathcote A, Suraev A, Curley S, Gong Q, Love J, Michie PT, 'Decision processes and the slowing of simple choices in schizophrenia.', J Abnorm Psychol, 124 961-974 (2015) [C1]
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Nova |
2014 |
Hunt SA, Baker AL, Michie PT, Kay-Lambkin F, 'Change in neurocognition in people with co-occurring alcohol misuse and depression: 12-month follow-up', Journal of Addiction Research & Therapy, S10:004 (2014) [C1]
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Nova |
2014 |
Fulham WR, Michie PT, Ward PB, Rasser PE, Todd J, Johnston PJ, et al., 'Mismatch negativity in recent-onset and chronic schizophrenia: a current source density analysis.', PLoS One, 9 e100221 (2014) [C1]
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Nova |
2014 |
Gusev A, Lee SH, Trynka G, Finucane H, Vilhjálmsson BJ, Xu H, et al., 'Partitioning Heritability of Regulatory and Cell-Type-Specific Variants across 11 Common Diseases', The American Journal of Human Genetics, 95 535-552 (2014) [C1]
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2014 |
Nicodemus KK, Hargreaves A, Morris D, Anney R, Gill M, Corvin A, Donohoe G, 'Variability in Working Memory Performance Explained by Epistasis vs Polygenic Scores in the
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2014 |
Harms L, Fulham WR, Todd J, Budd TW, Hunter M, Meehan C, et al., 'Mismatch negativity (MMN) in freely-moving rats with several experimental controls', PLoS ONE, 9 (2014) [C1]
Mismatch negativity (MMN) is a scalp-recorded electrical potential that occurs in humans in response to an auditory stimulus that defies previously established patterns of regular... [more]
Mismatch negativity (MMN) is a scalp-recorded electrical potential that occurs in humans in response to an auditory stimulus that defies previously established patterns of regularity. MMN amplitude is reduced in people with schizophrenia. In this study, we aimed to develop a robust and replicable rat model of MMN, as a platform for a more thorough understanding of the neurobiology underlying MMN. One of the major concerns for animal models of MMN is whether the rodent brain is capable of producing a human-like MMN, which is not a consequence of neural adaptation to repetitive stimuli. We therefore tested several methods that have been used to control for adaptation and differential exogenous responses to stimuli within the oddball paradigm. Epidural electroencephalographic electrodes were surgically implanted over different cortical locations in adult rats. Encephalographic data were recorded using wireless telemetry while the freely-moving rats were presented with auditory oddball stimuli to assess mismatch responses. Three control sequences were utilized: the flip-flop control was used to control for differential responses to the physical characteristics of standards and deviants; the many standards control was used to control for differential adaptation, as was the cascade control. Both adaptation and adaptation-independent deviance detection were observed for high frequency (pitch), but not low frequency deviants. In addition, the many standards control method was found to be the optimal method for observing both adaptation effects and adaptation-independent mismatch responses in rats. Inconclusive results arose from the cascade control design as it is not yet clear whether rats can encode the complex pattern present in the control sequence. These data contribute to a growing body of evidence supporting the hypothesis that rat brain is indeed capable of exhibiting human-like MMN, and that the rat model is a viable platform for the further investigation of the MMN and its associated neurobiology.
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2014 |
Greenwood L-M, Broyd SJ, Croft R, Todd J, Michie PT, Johnstone S, et al., 'Chronic Effects of Cannabis Use on the Auditory Mismatch Negativity', BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY, 75 449-458 (2014) [C1]
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2014 |
Ripke S, Neale BM, Corvin A, Walters JTR, Farh KH, Holmans PA, et al., 'Biological insights from 108 schizophrenia-associated genetic loci', Nature, 511 421-427 (2014) [C1]
Schizophrenia is a highly heritable disorder. Genetic risk is conferred by a large number of alleles, including common alleles of small effect that might be detected by genome-wid... [more]
Schizophrenia is a highly heritable disorder. Genetic risk is conferred by a large number of alleles, including common alleles of small effect that might be detected by genome-wide association studies. Here we report a multi-stage schizophrenia genome-wide association study of up to 36,989 cases and 113,075 controls. We identify 128 independent associations spanning 108 conservatively defined loci that meet genome-wide significance, 83 of which have not been previously reported. Associations were enriched among genes expressed in brain, providing biological plausibility for the findings. Many findings have the potential to provide entirely new insights into aetiology, but associations at DRD2 and several genes involved in glutamatergic neurotransmission highlight molecules of known and potential therapeutic relevance to schizophrenia, and are consistent with leading pathophysiological hypotheses. Independent of genes expressed in brain, associations were enriched among genes expressed in tissues that have important roles in immunity, providing support for the speculated link between the immune system and schizophrenia. © 2014 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved.
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2014 |
Todd J, Whitson L, Smith E, Michie PT, Schall U, Ward PB, 'What's intact and what's not within the mismatch negativity system in schizophrenia', Psychophysiology, 51 337-347 (2014) [C1]
Repetitive patterning facilitates inferences about likely properties of sound to follow. Mismatch negativity (MMN) occurs when sound fails to match an inference. Smaller MMN in sc... [more]
Repetitive patterning facilitates inferences about likely properties of sound to follow. Mismatch negativity (MMN) occurs when sound fails to match an inference. Smaller MMN in schizophrenia indexes deficient gain control (difference in utilizing a limited dynamic range). Although it is clear that this group has a lower limit to MMN size, this study addressed whether smaller MMN indicates impaired perceptual inference. MMN was elicited to four deviants in two sequences: one in which occurrence was random and one in which it was paired. Despite smaller MMN, persons with schizophrenia are equally able to reduce MMN size evoked by a deviant when its occurrence is cued. Results also expose alterations in the evoked response to repeated sounds that appear to be exacerbations of age-related amplitude decline. Since these anomalies impact the computed MMN, they highlight the need to identify all contributions to limits in gain control in schizophrenia. © 2014 Society for Psychophysiological Research.
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2014 |
Hughes ME, Budd TW, Fulham WR, Lancaster S, Woods W, Rossell SL, Michie PT, 'Sustained brain activation supporting stop-signal task performance', European Journal of Neuroscience, 39 1363-1369 (2014) [C1]
Stop-signal paradigms operationalize a basic test of goal-directed behaviour whereby an overarching stop goal that is performed intermittently must be maintained throughout ongoin... [more]
Stop-signal paradigms operationalize a basic test of goal-directed behaviour whereby an overarching stop goal that is performed intermittently must be maintained throughout ongoing performance of a reaction time go task (go goal). Previous studies of sustained brain activation during stop-signal task performance in humans did not observe activation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) that, in concert with the parietal cortex, is known to subserve goal maintenance. Here we explored the hypothesis that a DLPFC and parietal network has a key role in supporting ongoing stop-signal task performance. We used a blocked functional magnetic resonance imaging design that included blocks of trials containing typical stop-signal paradigm stimuli that were performed under three conditions: Stop condition, which required reaction time responding to go stimuli and inhibition of cued responses upon presentation of a stop signal; Go condition, identical except that the tone was ignored; and Passive condition, which required only quiescent attention to stimuli. We found that, whereas a distributed corticothalamic network was more active in Stop compared with Go, only the right DLPFC and bilateral parietal cortex survived after masking that contrast with Stop compared with Passive. These findings indicate that sustained activation of a right dominant frontoparietal network supports stop goal processes during ongoing performance of the stop-signal task. © 2014 Federation of European Neuroscience Societies and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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2014 |
Whitson LR, Karayanidis F, Fulham R, Provost A, Michie PT, Heathcote A, Hsieh S, 'Reactive control processes contributing to residual switch cost and mixing cost across the adult lifespan.', Front Psychol, 5 383 (2014) [C1]
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2013 |
Todd J, Harms L, Schall U, Michie PT, 'Mismatch negativity: Translating the potential', Frontiers in Psychiatry, 4 1-22 (2013) [C1]
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Nova |
2013 |
Terwisscha van Scheltinga AF, Bakker SC, van Haren NEM, Derks EM, Buizer-Voskamp JE, Boos HBM, et al., 'Genetic Schizophrenia Risk Variants Jointly Modulate Total Brain and White Matter Volume', Biological Psychiatry, 73 525-531 (2013) [C1]
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2013 |
Budd TW, Nakamura T, Fulham WR, Todd J, Schall U, Hunter M, et al., 'Repetition suppression of the rat auditory evoked potential at brief stimulus intervals', BRAIN RESEARCH, 1498 59-68 (2013) [C1]
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Nova |
2013 |
Sharip S, Michie P, Schall U, Drysdale K, Case V, Sankaranarayanan A, et al., 'Generalization of cognitive training in an Australian sample of schizophrenia patients', Comprehensive Psychiatry, 54 865-872 (2013) [C1]
Objective The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of cognitive training in improving trained and untrained cognitive processes in schizophrenia. Methods A simple p... [more]
Objective The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of cognitive training in improving trained and untrained cognitive processes in schizophrenia. Methods A simple pre- and post experimental study with a three month follow-up was conducted to determine the efficacy of cognitive training in speed of processing and executive functions improving cognition in 22 schizophrenia patients. Results Significant improvement was found in those cognitive domains specifically targeted in the training protocol, but also to a limited extent on verbal memory and social cognition. There was also evidence of improvements in symptoms and social functioning. The training effects failed to transfer to community functioning skills however. Except for social cognition, these improvements were maintained at 3 month follow-up. Conclusion The study highlights the importance of understanding the mechanisms that contribute to the transfer of skills as well as the maintenance of cognitive changes in individuals with schizophrenia. © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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2013 |
Van Scheltinga AFT, Bakker SC, Van Haren NEM, Derks EM, Buizer-Voskamp JE, Cahn W, et al., 'Schizophrenia genetic variants are not associated with intelligence', Psychological Medicine, 43 2563-2570 (2013) [C1]
Background Schizophrenia is associated with lower pre-morbid intelligence (IQ) in addition to (pre-morbid) cognitive decline. Both schizophrenia and IQ are highly heritable traits... [more]
Background Schizophrenia is associated with lower pre-morbid intelligence (IQ) in addition to (pre-morbid) cognitive decline. Both schizophrenia and IQ are highly heritable traits. Therefore, we hypothesized that genetic variants associated with schizophrenia, including copy number variants (CNVs) and a polygenic schizophrenia (risk) score (PSS), may influence intelligence. Method IQ was estimated with the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS). CNVs were determined from single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data using the QuantiSNP and PennCNV algorithms. For the PSS, odds ratios for genome-wide SNP data were calculated in a sample collected by the Psychiatric Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) Consortium (8690 schizophrenia patients and 11 831 controls). These were used to calculate individual PSSs in our independent sample of 350 schizophrenia patients and 322 healthy controls. Results Although significantly more genes were disrupted by deletions in schizophrenia patients compared to controls (p = 0.009), there was no effect of CNV measures on IQ. The PSS was associated with disease status (R 2 = 0.055, p = 2.1 × 10 -7) and with IQ in the entire sample (R 2 = 0.018, p = 0.0008) but the effect on IQ disappeared after correction for disease status. Conclusions Our data suggest that rare and common schizophrenia-associated variants do not explain the variation in IQ in healthy subjects or in schizophrenia patients. Thus, reductions in IQ in schizophrenia patients may be secondary to other processes related to schizophrenia risk. © Cambridge University Press 2013.
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2013 |
Hughes ME, Johnston PJ, Fulham WR, Budd TW, Michie PT, 'Stop-signal task difficulty and the right inferior frontal gyrus', Behavioural Brain Research, 256 205-213 (2013) [C1]
The stop-signal paradigm is increasingly being used as a probe of response inhibition in basic and clinical neuroimaging research. The critical feature of this task is that a cued... [more]
The stop-signal paradigm is increasingly being used as a probe of response inhibition in basic and clinical neuroimaging research. The critical feature of this task is that a cued response is countermanded by a secondary 'stop-signal' stimulus offset from the first by a 'stop-signal delay'. Here we explored the role of task difficulty in the stop-signal task with the hypothesis that what is critical for successful inhibition is the time available for stopping, that we define as the difference between stop-signal onset and the expected response time (approximated by reaction time from previous trial). We also used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine how the time available for stopping affects activity in the putative right inferior frontal gyrus and presupplementary motor area (right IFG-preSMA) network that is known to support stopping. While undergoing fMRI scanning, participants performed a stop-signal variant where the time available for stopping was kept approximately constant across participants, which enabled us to compare how the time available for stopping affected stop-signal task difficulty both within and between subjects. Importantly, all behavioural and neuroimaging data were consistent with previous findings. We found that the time available for stopping distinguished successful from unsuccessful inhibition trials, was independent of stop-signal delay, and affected successful inhibition depending upon individual SSRT. We also found that right IFG and adjacent anterior insula were more strongly activated during more difficult stopping. These findings may have critical implications for stop-signal studies that compare different patient or other groups using fixed stop-signal delays. © 2013 .
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2013 |
Cooper RJ, Atkinson RJ, Clark RA, Michie PT, 'Event-related potentials reveal modelling of auditory repetition in the brain', International Journal of Psychophysiology, 88 74-81 (2013) [C1]
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Nova |
2013 |
Broyd SJ, Greenwood L-M, Croft RJ, Dalecki A, Todd J, Michie PT, et al., 'Chronic effects of cannabis on sensory gating', International Journal of Psychophysiology, 89 381-389 (2013) [C1]
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2013 |
Smith JL, Jamadar S, Provost AL, Michie PT, 'Motor and non-motor inhibition in the Go/NoGo task: An ERP and fMRI study', International Journal of Psychophysiology, 87 244-253 (2013) [C1]
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2013 |
Dassanayake TL, Michie PT, Jones A, 'Erratum: Cognitive impairment in patients clinically recovered from central nervous system depressant drug overdose (Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology (2012) 32 (503-510))', Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 33 253 (2013)
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2013 |
Matthews N, Todd J, Mannion DJ, Finnigan S, Catts S, Michie PT, 'Impaired processing of binaural temporal cues to auditory scene analysis in schizophrenia', SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH, 146 344-348 (2013) [C1]
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2013 |
Harms LR, Michie PT, 'Understanding the pathological mechanisms underpinning functional impairments in schizophrenia: Gamma oscillations versus mismatch negativity (MMN) as mediating factors', Clinical Neurophysiology, 124 2075-2076 (2013) [C3]
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2013 |
Schork AJ, Thompson WK, Pham P, Torkamani A, Roddey JC, Sullivan PF, et al., 'All SNPs Are Not Created Equal: Genome-Wide Association Studies Reveal a Consistent Pattern of Enrichment among Functionally Annotated SNPs', PLOS GENETICS, 9 (2013) [C1]
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2013 |
Jolly TAD, Bateman GA, Levi CR, Parsons MW, Michie PT, Karayanidis F, 'Early detection of microstructural white matter changes associated with arterial pulsatility', FRONTIERS IN HUMAN NEUROSCIENCE, 7 (2013) [C1]
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2012 |
Whitson LR, Karayanidis F, Michie PT, 'Task practice differentially modulates task-switching performance across the adult lifespan', Acta Psychologica, 139 124-136 (2012) [C1]
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Nova |
2012 |
Atkinson RJ, Michie PT, Schall UA, 'Duration mismatch negativity and P3a in first-episode psychosis and individuals at ultra-high risk of psychosis', Biological Psychiatry, 71 98-104 (2012) [C1]
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2012 |
Todd J, Michie PT, Schall UA, Ward PB, Catts SV, 'Mismatch negativity (MMN) reduction in schizophrenia-Impaired prediction-error generation, estimation or salience?', International Journal of Psychophysiology, 83 222-231 (2012) [C1]
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Nova |
2012 |
Dassanayake WM, Michie PT, Jones AL, Carter GL, Mallard T, Whyte IM, 'Cognitive impairment in patients clinically recovered from central nervous system depressant drug overdose', Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 32 503-510 (2012) [C1]
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Nova |
2012 |
Hughes ME, Fulham WR, Johnston PJ, Michie PT, 'Stop-signal response inhibition in schizophrenia: Behavioural, event-related potential and functional neuroimaging data', Biological Psychology, 89 220-231 (2012) [C1]
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Nova |
2012 |
Dassanayake WM, Jones AL, Michie PT, Carter GL, McElduff P, Stokes BJ, Whyte IM, 'Risk of road traffic accidents in patients discharged following treatment for psychotropic drug overdose: A self-controlled case series study in Australia', CNS Drugs, 26 269-276 (2012) [C1]
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Nova |
2012 |
Dassanayake WM, Michie PT, Jones AL, Mallard T, Whyte IM, Carter GL, 'Cognitive skills underlying driving in patients discharged following self-poisoning with central nervous system depressant drugs', Traffic Injury Prevention, 13 450-457 (2012) [C1]
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Nova |
2012 |
Ehlkes T, Michie PT, Schall UA, 'Brain imaging correlates of emerging schizophrenia', Neuropsychiatry, 2 147-154 (2012) [C1]
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Nova |
2011 |
Johnston P, Kaufman J, Bajic J, Sercombe AJ, Michie PT, Karayanidis F, 'Facial emotion and identity processing development in 5- to 15-year-old children', Frontiers in Developmental Psychology, 2 1-9 (2011) [C1]
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Nova |
2011 |
Nakamura T, Michie PT, Fulham WR, Todd J, Budd TW, Schall UA, et al., 'Epidural auditory event-related potentials in the rat to frequency and duration deviants: evidence of mismatch negativity?', Frontiers in Psychology, 2 367 (2011) [C1]
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2011 |
Karayanidis F, Whitson LR, Heathcote AJ, Michie PT, 'Variability in proactive and reactive cognitive control processes across the adult lifespan', Frontiers in Psychology, 2 1-19 (2011) [C1]
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Nova |
2011 |
Dassanayake WM, Michie PT, Carter GL, Jones A, 'Effects of benzodiazepines, antidepressants and opioids on driving: A systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological and experimental evidence', Drug Safety, 34 125-156 (2011) [C1]
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2011 |
Case VS, Soyland A, Tooney PA, Thompson PM, Rasser PE, Schall UA, et al., 'Gray matter deficits, mismatch negativity, and outcomes in schizophrenia', Schizophrenia Bulletin, 37 131-140 (2011) [C1]
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Nova |
2011 |
Gwas Consortium, Henskens FA, Loughland CM, Michie PT, Schall UA, Scott R, 'Genome-wide association study identifies five new schizophrenia loci', Nature Genetics, 43 969-U77 (2011) [C1]
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Nova |
2011 |
Stain HJ, Payne KT, Thienel RA, Michie PT, Carr V, Kelly BJ, 'The feasibility of videoconferencing for neuropsychological assessments of rural youth experiencing early psychosis', Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare, 17 328-331 (2011) [C1]
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Nova |
2010 |
Loughland CM, Draganic D, McCabe KL, Richards JM, Nasir MA, Allen J, et al., 'Australian Schizophrenia Research Bank: A database of comprehensive clinical, endophenotypic and genetic data for aetiological studies of schizophrenia', Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 44 1029-1035 (2010) [C1]
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Nova |
2010 |
Jamadar S, Michie PT, Karayanidis F, 'Compensatory mechanisms underlie intact task-switching performance in schizophrenia', Neuropsychologia, 48 1305-1323 (2010) [C1]
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Nova |
2010 |
Jamadar S, Michie PT, Karayanidis F, 'Sequence effects in cued task switching modulate response preparedness and repetition priming processes', Psychophysiology, 47 365-386 (2010) [C1]
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Nova |
2010 |
Jamadar S, Hughes ME, Fulham WR, Michie PT, Karayanidis F, 'The spatial and temporal dynamics of anticipatory preparation and response inhibition in task-switching', NeuroImage, 51 432-449 (2010) [C1]
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Nova |
2009 |
Hunt SA, Baker AL, Michie PT, Kavanagh DJ, 'Neurocognitive profiles of people with comorbid depression and alcohol use: Implications for psychological interventions', Addictive Behaviors, 34 878-886 (2009) [C1]
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Nova |
2009 |
Rhodes G, Michie PT, Hughes ME, Byatt G, 'The fusiform face area and occipital face area show sensitivity to spatial relations in faces', European Journal of Neuroscience, 30 721-733 (2009) [C1]
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Nova |
2009 |
Duncan CC, Barry RJ, Connolly JF, Fischer C, Michie PT, Naatanen R, et al., 'Event-related potentials in clinical research: Guidelines for eliciting, recording, and quantifying mismatch negativity, P300, and N400', Clinical Neurophysiology, 120 1883-1908 (2009) [C1]
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Nova |
2008 |
Michie PT, Budd TW, Fulham WR, Hughes ME, Jamadar S, Johnston P, et al., 'The potential for new understandings of normal and abnormal cognition by integration of neuroimaging and behavioral data: Not an exercise in carrying coals to Newcastle', Brain Imaging and Behavior, 2 1-9 (2008) [C1]
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Nova |
2008 |
Todd J, Michie PT, Schall UA, Karayanidis F, Yabe H, Naatanen R, 'Deviant matters: Duration, frequency, and intensity deviants reveal different patterns of mismatch negativity reduction in early and late schizophrenia', Biological Psychiatry, 63 58-64 (2008) [C1]
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Nova |
2007 |
Solowij N, Michie PT, 'Cannabis and cognitive dysfunction: Parallels with endophenotypes of schizophrenia?', Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience, 32 30-52 (2007) [C1]
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2007 |
Matthews NL, Todd J, Budd TW, Cooper GJ, Michie PT, 'Auditory lateralization in schizophrenia - Mismatch negativity and behavioral evidence of a selective impairment in encoding interaural time cues', Clinical Neurophysiology, 118 833-844 (2007) [C1]
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2006 |
Cooper RJ, Todd J, McGill KM, Michie PT, 'Auditory sensory memory and the aging brain: A mismatch negativity study', Neurobiology of Aging, 27 752-762 (2006) [C1]
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Nova |
2006 |
Bowden NA, Weidenhofer JC, Scott R, Schall U, Todd J, Michie PT, Tooney PA, 'Preliminary investigation of gene expression profiles in peripheral blood lymphocytes in schizophrenia', Schizophrenia Research, 82 175-183 (2006) [C1]
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Nova |
2006 |
Karayanidis F, Nicholson RA, Schall UA, Meem LC, Fulham WR, Michie PT, 'Switching between univalent task-sets in schizophrenia: ERP evidence of an anticipatory task-set reconfiguration deficit', Clinical Neurophysiology, 117 2172-2190 (2006) [C1]
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Nova |
2006 |
Waters FAV, Badcock JC, Michie PT, Maybery MT, 'Auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia: Intrusive thoughts and forgotten memories', Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 11 65-83 (2006) [C1]
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2006 |
Price GW, Michie PT, Johnston J, Innes-Brown H, Kent A, Clissa P, Jablensky AV, 'A Multivariate electrophysiological endophenotype, from a unitary cohort, shows greater research utility than any single feature in the Western Australian family study of schizophrenia', Biological Psychiatry, 60 1-10 (2006) [C1]
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Nova |
2006 |
Nicholson RA, Karayanidis F, Davies A, Michie PT, 'Components of task-set reconfiguration: Differential effects of `switch-to' and `switch-away' cues', Brain Research, 1121 160-176 (2006) [C1]
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2006 |
Nicholson RA, Karayanidis F, Bumak EJ, Poboka DM, Michie PT, 'ERPs dissociate the effects of switching task sets and task cues', Brain Research, 1095 107-123 (2006) [C1]
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Nova |
2005 |
Badcock JC, Michie PT, Rock D, 'Spatial Working Memory and Planning Ability: Contrasts Between Schizophrenia and Bipolar I Disorder', Cortex: journal devoted to study of the nervous system and behaviour, 41 753-763 (2005) [C1]
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2005 |
Mengler ED, Hogben JH, Michie PT, Bishop DVM, 'Poor frequency discrimination is related to oral language disorder in children: a psychoacoustic study', Dyslexia, 11 155-173 (2005) [C1]
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Nova |
2005 |
Badcock JC, Waters FAV, Maybery MT, Michie PT, 'Auditory hallucinations: Failure to inhibit irrelevant memories', Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 10 125-136 (2005) [C1]
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Nova |
2005 |
Hallmayer JF, Badcock J, Dragovi M, Howell S, Michie PT, Rock D, et al., 'Genetic evidence for a distinct subtype of schizophrenia characterized by pervasive cognitive deficit', American Journal of Human Genetics, 77 468-476 (2005) [C1]
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Nova |
2005 |
Nicholson RA, Karayanidis F, Poboka DM, Heathcote AJ, Michie PT, 'Electrophysiological correlates of anticipatory task-switching processes', Psychophysiology, 42 540-554 (2005) [C1]
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Nova |
2004 |
Rhodes G, Byatt G, Michie PT, Puce A, 'Is the Fusiform Face Area Specialized for Faces, Individuation, or Expert Individuation?', Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 16 189-203 (2004) [C1]
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2004 |
Waters FAV, Maybery MT, Badcock JC, Michie PT, 'Context memory and binding in schizophrenia', SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH, 68 119-125 (2004) [C1]
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2004 |
Price GW, Jablensky A, Michie PT, 'A Comparative Evaluation of Candidate Biological Endophenotypes for Schizophrenia, from a Single Cohort', Schizophrenia Research, 67 59-60 (2004) [C3] |
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2004 |
Kent AR, Fox AM, Michie PT, Jablensky AV, 'Differential impairment of working memory performance in first-degree relatives of individuals with schizophrenia', ACTA NEUROPSYCHIATRICA, 16 149-153 (2004) [C1]
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2004 |
Budd TW, Case V, Cooper G, Michie PT, Schall UA, 'A psychoacoustic and fMRI investigation of auditory temporal processing in schizophrenia', NeuroImage, 22 S39 (2004) [C3]
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2003 |
Hallmayer JF, Jablensky A, Michie PT, Woodbury M, Salmon B, Combrinck J, et al., 'Linkage analysis of candidate regions using a composite neurocognitive phenotype correlated with schizophrenia', Molecular Psychiatry, 8 511-523 (2003) [C1]
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2003 |
Todd J, Michie PT, Jablensky A, 'Association between reduced duration mismatch negativity (MMN) and raised temporal discrimination thresholds in schizophrenia', CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY, 114 2061-2070 (2003) [C1]
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2003 |
Mengler E, Michie PT, Hogben J, Bishop D, 'MMN to near threshold frequency deviants in children with specific language impairment', Australian Journal of Psychology, 55 86 (2003) [C3] |
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2003 |
Karayanidis F, Coltheart M, Michie PT, Murphy K, 'Electrophysiological correlates of anticipatory and poststimulus components of task switching', Psychophysiology, 40 329-348 (2003) [C1]
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Nova |
2003 |
Sato Y, Yabe H, Todd J, Michie PT, Shinozaki N, Sutoh T, et al., 'Impairment in activation of afrontal attention-switch mechanism in schizophrenic patients', Biological Psychology, 62 49-63 (2003) [C1]
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2003 |
Waters FAV, Badcock JC, Maybery MT, Michie PT, 'Inhibition in schizophrenia: association with auditory hallucinations', SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH, 62 275-280 (2003) [C1]
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2003 |
Barrett NA, Large MM, Smith GL, Karayanidis F, Michie PT, Kavanagh D, et al., 'Human brain regions required for the dividing and switching of attention between two features of a single object', Cognitive Brain Research, 17 1-13 (2003) [C1]
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2003 |
Schall UA, Johnston PJ, Todd J, Ward P, Michie PT, 'Functional neuroanatomy of auditory mismatch processing: an event-related fMRI study of duration-deviant oddballs', NeuroImage, 729-736 (2003) [C1]
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2002 |
Badcock JC, Michie PT, Johnson L, Combrinck J, 'Acts of control in schizophrenia: dissociating the components of inhibition', PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE, 32 287-297 (2002) [C1]
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2002 |
Spencer C, Castle D, Michie PT, 'Motivations that maintain substance use among individuals with psychotic disorders', SCHIZOPHRENIA BULLETIN, 28 233-247 (2002) [C1]
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2002 |
Michie PT, Innes-Brown H, Todd J, Jablensky AV, 'Duration mismatch negativity in biological relatives of patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders', BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY, 52 749-758 (2002) [C1]
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2001 |
Stain HJ, Michie PT, Jablensky A, Foster JK, Badcock JC, 'The influence of delusional stimuli on cognitive processing in paranoid schizophrenia', AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY, 53 201-201 (2001) [C3] |
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2001 |
Michie PT, 'What has MMN revealed about the auditory system in schizophrenia?', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY, 42 177-194 (2001) [C1]
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2001 |
Todd J, Michie PT, Jablensky AV, 'Do loudness cues contribute to duration mismatch negativity reduction in schizophrenia?', NEUROREPORT, 12 4069-4073 (2001) [C1]
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2001 |
Barrett NA, Large MM, Smith GL, Michie PT, Karayanidis F, Kavanagh DJ, et al., 'Human cortical processing of colour and pattern', Human Brain Mapping, 13 213-225 (2001) [C1]
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Nova |
2000 |
Todd J, Machie PT, Budd TW, Rock D, Jablensky AV, 'Auditory sensory memory in schizophrenia: inadequate trace formation?', PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH, 96 99-115 (2000) [C1]
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2000 |
Fox AM, Coltheart M, Solowij N, Michie PT, Fox GA, 'Dissociable cognitive impairments in problem drinkers', ALCOHOL AND ALCOHOLISM, 35 52-54
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2000 |
Todd J, Michie PT, 'Do perceived loudness cues contribute to duration mismatch negativity (MMN)?', NEUROREPORT, 11 3771-3774 (2000)
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2000 |
Tait R, Martin-Iverson M, Michie PT, Dusci L, 'The effects of cigarette consumption on the Sternberg visual memory search paradigm', ADDICTION, 95 437-446 (2000)
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2000 |
Fox AM, Michie PT, Wynne CDL, Maybery MT, 'ERP correlates of response inhibition to elemental and configural stimuli in a negative patterning task', CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY, 111 1045-1053 (2000)
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2000 |
Michie PT, Budd TW, Todd J, Rock D, Wichmann H, Box J, Jablensky AV, 'Duration and frequency mismatch negativity in schizophrenia', CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY, 111 1054-1065 (2000) [C1]
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2000 |
Michie PT, Kent A, Stienstra R, Castine R, Johnston J, Dedman K, et al., 'Phenotypic markers as risk factors in schizophrenia: neurocognitive functions', AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY, 34 S74-S85 (2000)
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1999 |
Michie P, Karayanidis F, Smith G, Barrett N, Large M, O'Sullivan B, Kavanagh D, 'An exploration of varieties of visual attention: ERP findings', Cognitive Brain Research, 7 419-450 (1999) [C1]
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1999 |
McArthur G, Budd T, Michie P, 'The attentional blink and P300', NEUROREPORT, 10 3691-3695 (1999)
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1998 |
Budd TW, Barry RJ, Gordon E, Rennie C, Michie PT, 'Decrement of the N1 auditory event-related potential with stimulus repetition: habituation vs refractoriness', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY, 31 51-68 (1998) [C1]
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1998 |
Michie PT, Dragicevich P, Budd B, Morris I, 'Visual attention to lateralised spatial locations: An fMRI study', NeuroImage, 7 (1998)
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1998 |
Coltheart M, Inglis L, Cupples L, Michie P, Bates A, Budd B, 'A semantic subsystem of visual attributes', NEUROCASE, 4 353-370 (1998)
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1998 |
Smith G, Large M, Kavanagh D, Karayanidis F, Barrett N, Michie P, Osullivan B, 'Further evidence for a deficit in switching attention in schizophrenia', Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 107 390-398 (1998) [C1]
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1997 |
Karayanidis F, Michie PT, 'Evidence of visual processing negativity with attention to orientation and color in central space', ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY AND CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY, 103 282-297 (1997)
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1997 |
Langdon R, Michie PT, Ward PB, McConaghy N, Catts SV, Coltheart M, 'Defective self and/or other mentalising in schizophrenia: A cognitive neuropsychological approach', Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 2 167-193 (1997)
The mentalising abilities of schizophrenic patients and normal controls were tested using picture sequencing and story-telling tasks that required subjects to infer causal mental ... [more]
The mentalising abilities of schizophrenic patients and normal controls were tested using picture sequencing and story-telling tasks that required subjects to infer causal mental states in story characters, and a recall task that required subjects to dissociate subjective mental states from objective realities. Selective mentalising deficits were found in some patients. For other patients, general sequencing errors, "sensory" mentalising, and poor recall of symbolic representations suggested more profound problems. Task results were best accounted for by dissociable cognitive abnormalities, rather than graded dysfunction of a central mentalising mechanism. Symptom profiles of patient subgroups and correlations between task measures and clinical ratings linked these cognitive abnormalities to specific symptoms. General sequencing difficulty was associated with both poverty symptoms and reality distortion, suggesting that two mechanisms may underpin such errors: one, inability to manipulate symbolic representations, being linked to poverty; the other, failure to critically evaluate plausible cause-and-effect, being linked to reality distortion. There was some evidence that defective self-monitoring underpins thought disorder. Impaired metarepresentation was linked to the autistic-like symptoms of flat affect, social dysfunction, and alogia, rather than reality distortion. Implications of these findings are discussed with respect to theoretical and methodological issues confronting current schizophrenia research. © 1997 Psychology Press Ltd.
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1997 |
Shelley AM, Catts SV, Ward PB, Andrews S, Mitchell P, Michie P, McConaghy N, 'The effect of decreased catecholamine transmission on ERP indices of selective attention', NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY, 16 202-210 (1997)
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1996 |
Karayanidis F, Michie PT, 'Frontal processing negativity in a visual selective attention task', ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY AND CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY, 99 38-56 (1996)
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1996 |
Michie PT, LePage EL, Solowij N, Haller M, Terry L, 'Evoked otoacoustic emissions and auditory selective attention', HEARING RESEARCH, 98 54-67 (1996)
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1996 |
Kellenbach ML, Michie PT, 'Modulation of event-related potentials by semantic priming: Effects of color-cued selective attention', JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE, 8 155-173 (1996)
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1995 |
FOX AM, MICHIE PT, COLTHEART M, SOLOWIJ N, 'MEMORY FUNCTIONING IN SOCIAL DRINKERS - A STUDY OF EVENT-RELATED POTENTIALS', ALCOHOL AND ALCOHOLISM, 30 303-310 (1995)
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1995 |
CATTS SV, SHELLEY AM, WARD PB, LIEBERT B, MCCONAGHY N, ANDREWS S, MICHIE PT, 'BRAIN POTENTIAL EVIDENCE FOR AN AUDITORY SENSORY MEMORY DEFICIT IN SCHIZOPHRENIA', AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY, 152 213-219 (1995)
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1995 |
SOLOWIJ N, MICHIE PT, FOX AM, 'DIFFERENTIAL IMPAIRMENTS OF SELECTIVE ATTENTION DUE TO FREQUENCY AND DURATION OF CANNABIS USE', BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY, 37 731-739 (1995)
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1995 |
KARAYANIDIS F, ANDREWS S, WARD PB, MICHIE PT, 'ERP INDEXES OF AUDITORY SELECTIVE ATTENTION IN AGING AND PARKINSONS-DISEASE', PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY, 32 335-350 (1995)
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1994 |
BUDD TW, MICHIE PT, 'FACILITATION OF THE N1 PEAK OF THE AUDITORY ERP AT SHORT STIMULUS INTERVALS', NEUROREPORT, 5 2513-2516 (1994)
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1993 |
MCCONAGHY N, CATTS SV, MICHIE PT, FOX A, WARD PB, SHELLEY AM, 'P300 INDEXES THOUGHT-DISORDER IN SCHIZOPHRENICS, BUT ALLUSIVE THINKING IN NORMAL SUBJECTS', JOURNAL OF NERVOUS AND MENTAL DISEASE, 181 176-182 (1993)
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1993 |
SUMMERFIELD BC, MICHIE PT, 'PROCESSING OF TACTILE STIMULI AND IMPLICATIONS FOR THE READING-DISABLED', NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA, 31 965-976 (1993)
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1993 |
MICHIE PT, SOLOWIJ N, CRAWFORD JM, GLUE LC, 'THE EFFECTS OF BETWEEN-SOURCE DISCRIMINABILITY ON ATTENDED AND UNATTENDED AUDITORY ERPS', PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY, 30 205-220 (1993)
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1991 |
Ward PB, Catts SV, Fox AM, Michie PT, McConaghy N, 'Auditory selective attention and event-related potentials in schizophrenia', British Journal of Psychiatry, 158 534-539 (1991)
Brain ERPs were recorded in ten unmedicated schizophrenic patients and age- and sex-matched healthy controls during a multidimensional listening task. Patients showed a marked red... [more]
Brain ERPs were recorded in ten unmedicated schizophrenic patients and age- and sex-matched healthy controls during a multidimensional listening task. Patients showed a marked reduction in a long-duration attention-related negative ERP component, termed 'processing negativity' (PN), which was elicited by attended stimuli. The amplitude of PN was significantly correlated with SANS and SAPS scores of schizophrenic symptoms. The P300 component was also reduced in amplitude in patients, and was significantly correlated with SANS ratings of negative thought disorder. These findings provide neurophysiological evidence of impairment in the maintenance of selective attention and the cognitive processes associated with target detection among schizophrenic patients. The reduced PN in schizophrenics implicates frontostriatal pathways in the aetiology of attentional deficits in schizophrenia.
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1991 |
Bennet L, Michie P, Kippax S, 'Quantitative analysis of burnout and its associated factors in AIDS nursing', AIDS Care, 3 181-192 (1991)
A study was conducted to examine burnout and associated factors in the nursing care of AIDS patients in the hospital setting. Oncology nurses served as a comparison group and 64 s... [more]
A study was conducted to examine burnout and associated factors in the nursing care of AIDS patients in the hospital setting. Oncology nurses served as a comparison group and 64 subjects completed the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Although nurses working in the area of Oncology suffered burnout with greater frequency, nurses working in the area of AIDS showed greater intensity of burnout after adjustment for frequency of burnout. The study identified hospital differences in burnout scores, lending support to the environmental model of burnout proposed by Maslach. Male nurses were as likely to suffer burnout as female nurses. Having previously worked in other stressful areas did not influence burnout scores. On the other hand nurses who had worked in a particular unit for a greater length of time were more likely to suffer burnout, and age significantly influenced burnout inversely. © 1991, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. All rights reserved.
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1991 |
SHELLEY AM, WARD PB, CATTS SV, MICHIE PT, ANDREWS S, MCCONAGHY N, 'MISMATCH NEGATIVITY - AN INDEX OF A PREATTENTIVE PROCESSING DEFICIT IN SCHIZOPHRENIA', BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY, 30 1059-1062 (1991)
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1991 |
WARD PB, CATTS SV, FOX AM, MICHIE PT, MCCONAGHY N, 'AUDITORY SELECTIVE ATTENTION AND EVENT-RELATED POTENTIALS IN SCHIZOPHRENIA', BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY, 158 534-539 (1991)
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1991 |
SHELLEY AM, WARD PB, MICHIE PT, ANDREWS S, MITCHELL PF, CATTS SV, MCCONAGHY N, 'THE EFFECT OF REPEATED TESTING ON ERP COMPONENTS DURING AUDITORY SELECTIVE ATTENTION', PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY, 28 496-510 (1991)
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1990 |
MICHIE PT, FOX AM, WARD PB, CATTS SV, MCCONAGHY N, 'EVENT-RELATED POTENTIAL INDEXES OF SELECTIVE ATTENTION AND CORTICAL LATERALIZATION IN SCHIZOPHRENIA', PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY, 27 209-227 (1990)
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1990 |
HIRSCHHORN TN, MICHIE PT, 'BRAIN-STEM AUDITORY EVOKED-POTENTIALS (BAEPS) AND SELECTIVE ATTENTION REVISITED', PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY, 27 495-512 (1990)
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1990 |
MICHIE PT, SIDDLE DAT, COLTHEART M, 'STIMULUS SELECTION, SENSORY MEMORY AND ORIENTING', BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES, 13 248-248 (1990)
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1988 |
CATTS SV, WARD PB, GARVEY JR, FOX AM, MICHIE PT, MCCONAGHY N, 'SOMATOSENSORY EVOKED-POTENTIAL ACTIVITY - A MEASURE OF INTERHEMISPHERIC-TRANSFER IN SCHIZOPHRENIA', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE, 38 131-140 (1988)
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1987 |
DAVIDSON B, POWER RP, MICHIE PT, 'THE EFFECTS OF FAMILIARITY AND PREVIOUS TRAINING ON PERCEPTION OF AN AMBIGUOUS MUSICAL FIGURE', PERCEPTION & PSYCHOPHYSICS, 41 601-608 (1987)
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1987 |
MICHIE PT, BEARPARK HM, CRAWFORD JM, GLUE LCT, 'THE EFFECTS OF SPATIAL SELECTIVE ATTENTION ON THE SOMATOSENSORY EVENT-RELATED POTENTIAL', PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY, 24 449-463 (1987)
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1984 |
MICHIE PT, 'SELECTIVE ATTENTION EFFECTS ON SOMATOSENSORY EVENT-RELATED POTENTIALS', ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, 425 250-255 (1984)
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1979 |
NAATANEN R, MICHIE PT, 'EARLY SELECTIVE-ATTENTION EFFECTS ON THE EVOKED-POTENTIAL - A CRITICAL-REVIEW AND REINTERPRETATION', BIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY, 8 81-136 (1979)
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1976 |
MICHIE PT, CLARKE AM, SINDEN JD, GLUE LCT, 'REACTION-TIME AND SPINAL EXCITABILITY IN A SIMPLE REACTION-TIME TASK', PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR, 16 311-315 (1976)
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1976 |
CLARKE AM, MICHIE PT, ANDREASEN AG, VINEY LL, ROSENTHAL R, 'EXPECTANCY EFFECTS IN A PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL EXPERIMENT', PHYSIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY, 4 137-144 (1976)
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1975 |
MICHIE PT, CLARKE AM, SINDEN JD, GLUE LCT, 'LATERAL FACILITATION OF HOFFMANN-REFLEXES PRIOR TO VOLUNTARY MOVEMENT IN A CHOICE REACTION-TIME TASK', APPLIED NEUROPHYSIOLOGY, 38 191-196 (1975)
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1975 |
Michie PT, Clarke AM, Sinden JD, Glue LCT, 'Lateral facilitation of Hoffmann reflexes prior to voluntary movement in a choice reaction time task', Applied Neurophysiology, 38 191-196 (1975)
Hoffmann reflexes (H reflexes) were elicited from both legs simultaneously in human subjects at varying intervals after a reaction signal (RS) in a binary choice reaction time tas... [more]
Hoffmann reflexes (H reflexes) were elicited from both legs simultaneously in human subjects at varying intervals after a reaction signal (RS) in a binary choice reaction time task. A left light RS required a rapid plantar flexion of the left foot and a right light RS required a similar rapid response of the right foot. A large facilitation of reflex amplitude occurred only in the muscle involved in the movement (right or left soleus). The timing of the facilitation indicated that a decision about the status of the RS occurred within 200 msec and probably was completed somewhat earlier. Furthermore, the facilitation of the H reflexes was shown to be closely linked with the organization required for the contraction of the responding muscle. The results are considered in the light of hypothesized mechanisms regulating voluntary movement.
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1974 |
CLARKE AM, MICHIE PT, GLUE LCT, SINDEN JD, 'INTERMITTENT CONTRALATERAL AND IPSILATERAL HEMIRETINAL STIMULATION AND ITS EFFECT ON PHASIC STRETCH REFLEX', PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR, 12 1079-1082 (1974)
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1973 |
CLARKE AM, MICHIE PT, GLUE LCT, 'HUMAN PHASIC REFLEX RESPONSE TO PARAMETERS OF A MECHANICAL STIMULUS AS AN INDEX OF MUSCLE-SPINDLE SENSITIVITY', MEDICAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERING, 11 597-602 (1973)
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1972 |
CLARKE AM, MICHIE PT, GLUE LCT, 'MUSCLE AFFERENT POTENTIAL (A-WAVE) IN SURFACE ELECTROMYOGRAM OF A PHASIC STRETCH REFLEX IN NORMAL HUMANS', JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY, 35 221-& (1972)
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1971 |
Fenwick PBC, Michie P, Dollimore J, Fenton GW, 'Mathematical simulation of the electroencephalogram using an autoregressive series', International Journal of Bio-Medical Computing, 2 281-307 (1971)
A method of fitting an autoregressive series to the EEG is described. Some results from this method of analysis relating to the statistical properties of the EEG are mentioned whi... [more]
A method of fitting an autoregressive series to the EEG is described. Some results from this method of analysis relating to the statistical properties of the EEG are mentioned which show the EEG 'generators' to be changing every 20 seconds, and which suggest the optimum length of an epoch for analysis is from 20 to 30 seconds. Some evidence that the EEG generators and the generators of the evoked potential have certain features in common is presented and that a model set up to the spontaneous ongoing activity of the EEG is able to specify within limits the form of the evoked potential at that point. Finally, a simple model of the cortico-thalamic action seen from the point of view of the autoregressive series is described. © 1971.
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1970 |
FENWICK PBC, MITCHIE P, DOLLIMORE J, FENTON GW, 'USE OF AUTOREGRESSIVE MODEL IN EEG ANALYSIS', ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY AND CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY, 29 327-+ (1970)
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