2023 |
Attia J, Horvat JC, Hunter T, Hansbro PM, Hure A, Peel R, et al., 'Persistence of Detectable Anti-Pneumococcal Antibodies 4 Years After Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccination in a Randomised Controlled Trial: The Australian Study for the Prevention through Immunisation of Cardiovascular Events (AUSPICE)', Heart, Lung and Circulation, 32 1378-1385 (2023) [C1]
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Nova |
2022 |
Ren S, Hansbro PM, Srikusalanukul W, Horvat JC, Hunter T, Brown AC, et al., 'Generation of cardio-protective antibodies after pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine: Early results from a randomised controlled trial', Atherosclerosis, 346 68-74 (2022) [C1]
Background and aims: Observational studies have demonstrated that the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV) is associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular events. This may ... [more]
Background and aims: Observational studies have demonstrated that the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV) is associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular events. This may be mediated through IgM antibodies to OxLDL, which have previously been associated with cardioprotective effects. The Australian Study for the Prevention through Immunisation of Cardiovascular Events (AUSPICE) is a double-blind, randomised controlled trial (RCT) of PPV in preventing ischaemic events. Participants received PPV or placebo once at baseline and are being followed-up for incident fatal and non-fatal myocardial infarction or stroke over 6 years. Methods: A subgroup of participants at one centre (Canberra; n = 1,001) were evaluated at 1 month and 2 years post immunisation for changes in surrogate markers of atherosclerosis, as pre-specified secondary outcomes: high-sensitive C-reactive protein (CRP), pulse wave velocity (PWV), and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT). In addition, 100 participants were randomly selected in each of the intervention and control groups for measurement of anti-pneumococcal antibodies (IgG, IgG2, IgM) as well as anti-OxLDL antibodies (IgG and IgM to CuOxLDL, MDA-LDL, and PC-KLH). Results: Concentrations of anti-pneumococcal IgG and IgG2 increased and remained high at 2 years in the PPV group compared to the placebo group, while IgM increased and then declined, but remained detectable, at 2 years. There were statistically significant increases in all anti-OxLDL IgM antibodies at 1 month, which were no longer detectable at 2 years; there was no increase in anti-OxLDL IgG antibodies. There were no significant changes in CRP, PWV or CIMT between the treatment groups at the 2-year follow-up. Conclusions: PPV engenders a long-lasting increase in anti-pneumococcal IgG, and to a lesser extent, IgM titres, as well as a transient increase in anti-OxLDL IgM antibodies. However, there were no detectable changes in surrogate markers of atherosclerosis at the 2-year follow-up. Long-term, prospective follow-up of clinical outcomes is continuing to assess if PPV reduces CVD events.
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Nova |
2021 |
Ren S, Attia J, Li SC, Newby D, 'Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine is a cost saving strategy for prevention of acute coronary syndrome', VACCINE, 39 1721-1726 (2021) [C1]
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Nova |
2021 |
Miller P, Newby D, Walkom E, Schneider J, Li SC, Evans TJ, 'The performance and accuracy of depression screening tools capable of self-administration in primary care: A systematic review and meta-analysis', European Journal of Psychiatry, 35 1-18 (2021) [C1]
Background and Objectives: The US Preventative Services Taskforce recommends screening adults for depression in primary care where adequate systems are established to ensure accur... [more]
Background and Objectives: The US Preventative Services Taskforce recommends screening adults for depression in primary care where adequate systems are established to ensure accurate diagnosis, effective treatment and follow-up. However, there is currently no consensus on which screening tool is most suitable for use in primary healthcare. We aim to systematically review the literature for operating characteristics of depression screening tools capable of self-administration in primary healthcare and meta-analyse the psychometric characteristics of these tools to determine their performance and accuracy. Methods: An electronic literature search of EMBASE, Medline and CINAHL Complete was conducted from January 1982 to September 15, 2019 using the keywords: depression, screening, primary healthcare and adult. General and psychometric characteristics were extracted for screening tools studied in primary healthcare only when assessed against a ¿reference-standard¿. Results: Eighty-one studies from 22 countries were included in the review. Forty unique depression screening tools suitable for self-administration were identified in studies yielding 138 psychometric data sets. Based on ease of administration, 18 screening tools were suitable for use in primary healthcare. Of the tools meta-analysed, only the PHQ-9 and WHO-5 displayed superior accuracy and were easily administered. Conclusion: Although numerous depression screening tools are suitable for use in primary care based on ease of administration, the PHQ-9 was the most widely assessed tool and displayed superior DOR, a-ROC, specificity and LR +. Our review supports the use of the PHQ-9 as a brief, easily administered depression screening tool with superior discriminatory performance and robust psychometric characteristics in primary care settings.
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Nova |
2020 |
Miller P, Newby D, Walkom E, Schneider J, Li SC, 'Depression screening in adults by pharmacists in the community: a systematic review', International Journal of Pharmacy Practice, 28 428-440 (2020) [C1]
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Nova |
2019 |
Peel R, Ren S, Hure A, Evans TJ, D'Este CA, Abhayaratna WP, et al., 'Evaluating recruitment strategies for AUSPICE, a large Australian community-based randomised controlled trial', Medical Journal of Australia, 210 409-415 (2019) [C1]
Objectives: To examine the effectiveness of different strategies for recruiting participants for a large Australian randomised controlled trial (RCT), the Australian Study for the... [more]
Objectives: To examine the effectiveness of different strategies for recruiting participants for a large Australian randomised controlled trial (RCT), the Australian Study for the Prevention through Immunisation of Cardiovascular Events (AUSPICE). Design, setting, participants: Men and women aged 55¿60 years with at least two cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, overweight/obesity) were recruited for a multicentre placebo-controlled RCT assessing the effectiveness of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (23vPPV) for preventing cardiovascular events. Methods: Invitations were mailed by the Australian Department of Human Services to people in the Medicare database aged 55¿60 years; reminders were sent 2 weeks later. Invitees could respond in hard copy or electronically. Direct recruitment was supplemented by asking invitees to extend the invitation to friends and family (snowball sampling) and by Facebook advertising. Main outcome: Proportions of invitees completing screening questionnaire and recruited for participation in the RCT. Results: 21¿526 of 154¿992 invited people (14%) responded by completing the screening questionnaire, of whom 4725 people were eligible and recruited for the study. Despite the minimal study burden (one questionnaire, one clinic visit), the overall participation rate was 3%, or an estimated 10% of eligible persons. Only 16% of eventual participants had responded within 2 weeks of the initial invitation letter (early responders); early and late responders did not differ in their demographic or medical characteristics. Socio-economic disadvantage did not markedly influence response rates. Facebook advertising and snowball sampling did not increase recruitment. Conclusions: Trial participation rates are low, and multiple concurrent methods are needed to maximise recruitment. Social media strategies may not be successful in older age groups. Trial registration: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ACTRN12615000536561.
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Nova |
2019 |
Newby DA, Stokes B, Smith AJ, 'A pilot study of a pharmacist-led prescribing program for final-year medical students', BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION, 19 (2019) [C1]
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Nova |
2019 |
Bevan M, Ng YC, Cooper J, Robertson J, Walkom E, Chiu S, Newby DA, 'The role of evidence in consumer choice of non-prescription medicines', International Journal of Pharmacy Practice, 27 501-509 (2019) [C1]
Objectives: To identify factors influencing Australian consumer decision-making and attitudes towards non-prescription medicine (NPM) purchases, pharmacy's role in providing ... [more]
Objectives: To identify factors influencing Australian consumer decision-making and attitudes towards non-prescription medicine (NPM) purchases, pharmacy's role in providing these medications and views around sources of evidence for effectiveness of these products. Methods: Cross-sectional survey of a general population sample of 1731 adults using an Australian online consumer panel stratified by gender, age and location (State/Territory). Beliefs about NPM purchases and evidence of their efficacy were assessed using a 5-point Likert scale (strongly disagree-strongly agree). Non-parametric measures (Ridit analysis and Mann¿Whitney U-test) were used to explore associations between responses and previous experience with medicines. Key findings: The most important factors when purchasing NPMs were effectiveness and safety. However, personal experience was the most common method of determining effectiveness. Most respondents believed buying NPMs in pharmacies gave access to advice, but were less likely to agree that pharmacies were associated with safe and effective treatments. Around half the respondents agreed that it is wrong to sell treatments lacking scientific evidence; many also agreed that it is up to consumers to decide what they want even without scientific evidence. Individuals experiencing an ineffective NPM were less likely to trust scientific evidence of efficacy as the sole source of effectiveness information; regular prescription medicine users often agreed that scientific evidence is needed to support effectiveness. Conclusions: Consumers have conflicting views regarding the need for scientific evidence and the desire for patient autonomy in NPM purchases. This presents a challenge for pharmacists wishing to maintain professional obligations to provide evidence-based treatments to consumers.
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Nova |
2018 |
Ren S, Holliday E, Hure A, Peel R, Hancock S, Leigh L, et al., 'Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine associated with reduced lengths of stay for cardiovascular events hospital admissions: Experience from the Hunter Community Study', Vaccine, 36 7520-7524 (2018) [C1]
Background: The pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV) has been associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular events in human observational studies. Animal studies suggest tha... [more]
Background: The pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV) has been associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular events in human observational studies. Animal studies suggest that the phosphorylcholine epitope in the Streptococcus pneumoniae cell wall is structurally similar to oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), hence PPV induces the production of antibodies that cross-react with anti-oxLDL and may cause regression of atherosclerotic plaque. We set out to determine the strength of association between PPV administration and reduction in cardiovascular events. Methods: A longitudinal, population-based cohort study of older Australians, from the Hunter Community Study, with up to 11 years of follow-up. We included participants aged = 65 years at baseline (2004¿2008), without a history of cardiovascular disease (CVD). History of PPV administration at baseline was the main exposure of interest. ¿Total number of hospital bed-days with CVD primary diagnosis¿ was one of the main outcomes measured. Models were adjusted for age, diabetes, alcohol intake, and smoking status. Influenza vaccine was the control exposure used and fracture bed-days was the control outcome used, to investigate the potential for residual confounding. Results: 91 of the total 1074 participants (mean age = 72, male = 45%) experienced a CVD event during follow-up. PPV (regardless of influenza vaccine) was associated with a significant reduction in CVD bed-day, (n = 863, incident rate ratio, IRR = 0.65, 95%CI: 0.45¿0.94, p = 0.02), but influenza vaccine (regardless of PPV) was not (n = 864, IRR = 0.86, 95%CI: 0.54¿1.35, p = 0.51). Furthermore, PPV adjusted for influenza vaccine remained associated with CVD bed-days (IRR = 0.64, 95%CI: 0.43¿0.96, p = 0.03) but was not associated with fracture bed-days (IRR = 0.75, 95%CI: 0.28¿2.00, p = 0.56). Conclusion: PPV demonstrated a 35% reduction in CVD bed-days. This finding was robust to residual confounding, using a control exposure and a control outcome, eliminating the concern for healthy-user bias. A large double-blinded placebo-controlled RCT is underway to confirm our finding and to explore the proposed mechanism of action (ACTRN12615000536561).
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Nova |
2017 |
Milward AE, Biswas M, Dias T, Kerr K, Newby D, 'Introduction to the pharmacogenomics of oncology drugs', Australian Pharmacist, 36 44-47 (2017)
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2017 |
Biswas M, Dias TH, Daneshi N, Holliday E, Hancock S, Attia J, et al., 'Potential simple and multifactorial drug-gene interactions of tricyclic antidepressantsin older Australians', GSTF Journal of Advances in Medical Research, 2 (2017) [C1]
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Nova |
2016 |
Thoopputra T, Pongmesa T, Newby DA, Schneider J, Li SC, 'Opportunistic Risk Screening for Type 2 Diabetes: Exploring of Application of Diabetes Risk Assessment Tool in Community Pharmacy in Australia and Thailand', Value in Health Regional Issues, 9 1-7 (2016) [C1]
Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of providing diabetes risk assessment at community pharmacy level in Australia and Thailand from organizational aspects. Methods: The interv... [more]
Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of providing diabetes risk assessment at community pharmacy level in Australia and Thailand from organizational aspects. Methods: The intervention study was conducted in eight community pharmacies in New South Wales, Australia, and six community pharmacies in Central Thailand. Diabetes risk assessment tools were applied to determine the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. An open-ended question was asked to solicit the willingness-to-pay value for the service. A semistructured interview was conducted with participating pharmacists to solicit the perceived facilitators and barriers in providing the service. Results: There were a total of 132 and 185 participants, with the ratio of participants in the three risk categories of low, intermediate, and high being 1:4:11 and 2:1:1.5 for Australia and Thailand, respectively. More Thai participants were willing to pay for the service (72.4% vs. 18.9%; P = 0.0001). Pharmacists from both countries agreed that providing risk assessment would increase health awareness and assist in dampening the burden of disease. A major barrier is time and staff shortage. Support from the government and collaboration among health care providers were major facilitators from Thai pharmacists' perspective, whereas remuneration was a major facilitator from Australian pharmacists' perspective. Conclusions: Pharmacists in both countries agreed that this intervention would contribute to produce positive health benefits. Differences in advantages and barriers as well as in the proportion of consumers willing to pay for the service demonstrated that it is essential for pharmacists (particularly in developing countries) to be aware of the pitfalls of copying practice initiatives in developed countries without any consideration of the local health care environment.
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Nova |
2016 |
Robertson J, Newby DA, Walkom EJ, 'Health Care Spending: Changes in the Perceptions of the Australian Public.', PloS one, 11 e0157312 (2016) [C1]
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Nova |
2016 |
Ren S, Hure A, Peel R, D'Este C, Abhayaratna W, Tonkin A, et al., 'Rationale and design of a randomized controlled trial of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine for prevention of cardiovascular events: The Australian Study for the Prevention through Immunization of Cardiovascular Events (AUSPICE)', American Heart Journal, 177 58-65 (2016)
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2015 |
Ren S, Newby D, Li SC, Walkom E, Miller P, Hure A, Attia J, 'Effect of the adult pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine on cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.', Open Heart, 2 1-9 (2015) [C1]
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Nova |
2015 |
Li S, Thooputra T, Schneider J, Newby D, 'A Survey of the utilization of diabetes risk assessment tool (AUSDRISK) in Disease Management: A pilot study in Australia.', Thai Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 10 1-13 (2015)
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2014 |
Cooper JM, Newby DA, Whyte IM, Carter G, Jones AL, Isbister GK, 'Serotonin toxicity from antidepressant overdose and its association with the T102C polymorphism of the 5-HT receptor', Pharmacogenomics J, (2014) [C1]
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Nova |
2013 |
Robertson J, Newby DA, 'Low awareness of adverse drug reaction reporting systems: a consumer survey.', Med J Aust, 199 684-686 (2013) [C1]
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Nova |
2013 |
Robertson J, Walkom EJ, Bevan MD, Newby DA, 'Medicines and the media: news reports of medicines recommended for government reimbursement in Australia', BMC PUBLIC HEALTH, 13 (2013) [C1]
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Nova |
2012 |
Thoopputra T, Newby DA, Schneider JJ, Li SC, 'Survey of diabetes risk assessment tools: Concepts, structure and performance', Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews, 28 485-498 (2012) [C1]
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Nova |
2011 |
Smith AJ, Newby DA, 'A most trusted profession ... ?', Medical Journal of Australia, 195 490-491 (2011) [C3]
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2011 |
Robertson J, Moxey AJ, Newby DA, Gillies MB, Williamson M, Pearson S-A, 'Electronic information and clinical decision support for prescribing: State of play in Australian general practice', Family Practice, 28 93-101 (2011) [C1]
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Nova |
2010 |
Newby DA, Robertson J, 'Computerised prescribing: assessing the impact on prescription repeats and on generic substitution of some commonly used antibiotics Reply', MEDICAL JOURNAL OF AUSTRALIA, 192 544-544 (2010) [C3] |
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2010 |
Newby DA, Robertson J, 'Computerised prescribing: Assessing the impact on prescription repeats and on generic substitution of some commonly used antibiotics', Medical Journal of Australia, 192 192-195 (2010) [C1]
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Nova |
2010 |
Newby DA, Robertson J, 'In reply', Medical Journal of Australia, 192 544 (2010) [C3] |
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2010 |
Robertson J, Walkom EJ, Pearson S-A, Hains I, Williamson M, Newby DA, 'The impact of pharmacy computerised clinical decision support on prescribing, clinical and patient outcomes: A systematic review of the literature', International Journal of Pharmacy Practice, 18 69-87 (2010) [C1]
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Nova |
2010 |
Moxey AJ, Robertson J, Newby DA, Hains I, Williamson M, Pearson S-A, 'Computerized clinical decision support for prescribing: Provision does not guarantee uptake', Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 17 25-33 (2010) [C1]
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Nova |
2010 |
Macneill PU, Kerridge IH, Newby DA, Stokes BJ, Doran E, Henry DA, 'Attitudes of physicians and public to pharmaceutical industry 'gifts'', Internal Medicine Journal, 40 335-341 (2010) [C1]
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Nova |
2010 |
Macneill PU, Kerridge IH, Newby DA, Stokes BJ, Doran E, Henry DA, 'Questioning the ethics of the ethicists. Reply', Internal Medicine Journal, 40 799-800 (2010) [C3] |
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2010 |
Macneill PU, Kerridge IH, Newby DA, Stokes BJ, Doran E, Henry DA, 'Reply', Internal Medicine Journal, 40 799-800 (2010) [C3]
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2009 |
Pearson S-A, Moxey AJ, Robertson J, Hains I, Williamson M, Reeve J, Newby DA, 'Do computerised clinical decision support systems for prescribing change practice? A systematic review of the literature (1990-2007)', BMC Health Services Research, 9 1-14 (2009) [C1]
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Nova |
2008 |
Newby DA, Robertson J, Higgins G, 'Exploring the role of clinical self-audits as a professional development tool', International Journal of Pharmacy Practice, 16 395-401 (2008) [C1]
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Nova |
2006 |
McNeill PM, Kerridge IH, Henry DA, Stokes BJ, Hill SR, Newby DA, et al., 'Giving and receiving of gifts between pharmaceutical companies and medical specialists in Australia', Internal Medicine Journal, 36 571-578 (2006) [C1]
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Nova |
2006 |
Walkom EJ, Robertson J, Newby DA, Pillay T, 'The role of pharmacoeconomics in formulary decision-making - Considerations for hospital and managed care pharmacy and therapeutics committees', Formulary, 41 374-385 (2006) [C1]
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Nova |
2005 |
Henry DA, Kerridge IH, Hill SR, McNeill PM, Doran E, Newby DA, et al., 'Medical specialists and pharmaceutical industry-sponsored research: a survey of the Australian experience', Medical Journal of Australia, 182 557-560 (2005) [C1]
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Nova |
2005 |
Olson LG, Hill SR, Newby DA, 'Barriers to student access to patients in a group of teaching hospitals', Medical Journal of Australia, 183 461-463 (2005) [C1]
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2005 |
Kerridge I, Maguire JM, Newby DA, McNeill PM, Henry DA, Hill SR, et al., 'Cooperative partnerships or conflict-of-interest? A national survey of interaction between the pharmaceutical industry and medical organizations', Internal Medicine Journal, 35 206-210 (2005) [C1]
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Nova |
2003 |
Pyefinch FF, 'Effect of computerised prescribing on use of antibiotics', MEDICAL JOURNAL OF AUSTRALIA, 179 62-62 (2003)
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2003 |
Newby DA, Fryer JL, Henry DA, 'Effect of computerised prescribing on use of antibiotics - Reply', MEDICAL JOURNAL OF AUSTRALIA, 179 62-63 (2003)
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2003 |
Newby DA, Fryer JL, Henry DA, 'Effect of computerised prescribing on use of antibiotics', Medical Journal of Australia, 178 210-213 (2003) [C1]
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Nova |
2003 |
Newby DA, Hill SR, 'Use of pharmoeconomics in prescribing research. Part 2: cost-minimization analysis - when are two therapies equal?', Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, 28 145-150 (2003) [C1]
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2002 |
Newby DA, Henry DA, 'Drug advertising: truths, half-truths and few statistics', Medical Journal of Australia, 177(6) 285-286 (2002) [C3]
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2001 |
Newby DA, Hill SR, Barker B, Drew A, Henry DA, 'Drug information for consumers: should it be disease or medication specific? Results of a community survey', Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 25(6) 564-570 (2001) [C1]
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Nova |
1995 |
Buckley NA, Newby DA, Dawson AH, Whyte IM, 'The effect of the introduction of safety packaging for carbamazepine on toxicity in overdose in adults', Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety, 4 351-354 (1995)
Background ¿ Safety packaging has been shown to be effective in preventing childhood poisoning; however similar data for adults is lacking. In February 1993 the Australian packagi... [more]
Background ¿ Safety packaging has been shown to be effective in preventing childhood poisoning; however similar data for adults is lacking. In February 1993 the Australian packaging for carbamazepine was changed from bottles of tablets to blister packs. Objective ¿ To assess whether there has been a change in the amount of carbamazepine taken per overdose or the severity of poisoning coinciding with this change. Design ¿ Comparison of cohorts of patients presenting before and after repackaging. Setting ¿ Newcastle, Australia. Subjects ¿ Sixty-seven patients who ingested carbamazepine and presented to a general hospital which serves a well-defined geographic area. Main outcome measures ¿ Number of tablets and total dose ingested, peak carbamazepine level, degree of sedation, need for intubation and the time in hospital and ventilated. Results ¿ Significantly fewer tablets and a lesser amount was ingested by patients presenting after the repackaging. Though clinical measures were improved slightly after repackaging the differences did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions ¿ Repackaging resulted in less carbamazepine reported to have been ingested in overdose. Clinical measures did not reflect the extent of this change. This may be due to effects of treatment or coingested drugs obscuring any difference or the reported differences may be due to a reporting bias associated with packaging. Repackaging is a promising means of reducing the severity of deliberate self poisoning but further study, including out of hospital mortality data, is required. Copyright © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
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