2019 |
Jeffrey R, Melchers RE, 'Measuring corrosivity in immersion conditions', Corrosion and Prevention 2019, Melbourne, Australia (2019) [E1]
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Nova |
2018 |
Watt MA, Melchers RE, Jeffrey R, 'Long-term corrosion of steel chains on Pacific Ocean beach sand', Corrosion & Prevention 2018, Adelaide, SA (2018) [E1]
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Nova |
2018 |
Jeffrey R, 'Atmospheric corrosion of mild steel in a desert environment', Corrosion and Prevention 2018, Adelaide, SA (2018) [E1] |
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Nova |
2017 |
Jeffrey R, Melchers RE, 'The effect of coastal seawater temperature on corrosion of steel with different carbon contents', Corrosion and Prevention 2017, Sydney, Australia (2017) [E1]
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Nova |
2017 |
Melchers RE, Jeffrey R, 'Corrosion of steels under low D.O. Concentration and elevated temperature', Corrosion and Prevention 2017, Sydney, Australia (2017) [E1]
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Nova |
2016 |
Jeffrey R, Boulton L, 'The corrosion of stainless steel components in aggressive water environments', Corrosion and Prevention 2016 (2016)
Stainless steels are successfully employed in corrosive aqueous environments. AISI grade 316 stainless steel is often referred to as a 'marine grade' because of its rela... [more]
Stainless steels are successfully employed in corrosive aqueous environments. AISI grade 316 stainless steel is often referred to as a 'marine grade' because of its relatively high resistance to corrosion in marine applications. However, under some conditions, such as full immersion in sea water, grade 316 stainless steel may corrode quickly. The paper presents two case studies of localised corrosion occurring on AISI grade 316 stainless steel less than twelve months after deployment in service. The first case study outlines an issue with a swimming pool where underwater grade 316 stainless steel components suffered premature localised corrosion, in several cases to perforation of the steel. The second case study involves a marina extension where 316 stainless steel fittings securing a sea water wave attenuator showed serious localised corrosion on 316 components fitted at the start of the project. Possible causes of the premature failure of the 316 grade stainless steel components are discussed and the remedial options recommended are described.
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2016 |
Jeffrey R, Melchers RE, 'Identification of bacterial types in various atmospheric corrosion sites using standard test kits', Proceedings of Corrosion and Prevention 2016, Auckland, New Zealand (2016) [E1]
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Nova |
2016 |
Jeffrey R, Melchers RE, 'The effect of aluminium alloying on the corrosion resistance of cast steel', European Corrosion Congress, EUROCORR 2016 (2016)
There is some evidence that the addition of small amount of aluminium can reduce the atmospheric corrosion of steel. However, systematic long-term investigations are lacking. Ther... [more]
There is some evidence that the addition of small amount of aluminium can reduce the atmospheric corrosion of steel. However, systematic long-term investigations are lacking. There also appears to be no information about resistance of such alloys to marine immersion conditions. This paper reports on the marine environment corrosion performance of steel alloyed with aluminium additions of 0% (control), 2%, 4%, 6% and 8%. The cast steel was forged into billets and machined into coupons. Sets of coupons were exposed to three exposure conditions: (a) in temperate seawater for 1, 2 and 3 years, (b) submerged below the mud-line for 1,2 and 3 years and (c) exposed at two extremely severe atmospheric marine locations for 12 months. The results show that the increase in Al content reduced corrosion loss in submerged conditions from 10.5% after one year to 2.8% after 3 years. In the coastal atmosphere, corrosion loss dropped from 5.5% after one year with no Al addition to 1.2% with 8% Al alloying. The corrosion resistance in marine mud buried conditions was less favourable. Corrosion loss reduced from 4.4% after one year to 2.9% after 2 years but in some instance the addition of Al had minimal or no effect on corrosion resistance. These observations add to the body of knowledge regarding the effect of aluminium on long-term corrosion loss.
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2015 |
Jeffrey R, Melchers RE, 'Atmospheric corrosion of mild steel vertical prisms, rounds and flat coupons of different shape and size', Australasian Corrosion Association Annual Conference: Corrosion and Prevention 2015, ACA 2015 (2015) [E1]
Atmospheric corrosivity typically is determined by deploying flat coupons and measuring mass loss over a specific period (usually a year) and then deriving a material loss rate (t... [more]
Atmospheric corrosivity typically is determined by deploying flat coupons and measuring mass loss over a specific period (usually a year) and then deriving a material loss rate (typically expressed as microns/year). Usually mild steel but also zinc, copper and aluminium coupons have been used. The derived corrosion loss is used to gauge the susceptibility of infrastructure, such as bridges and buildings, to corrosion. Previously it was shown that slightly different corrosion rates are obtained with coupons of different sizes even under identical exposure environments. From a practical perspective the question arises what size and shape of coupon most accurately reflects corrosion to be expected on realistic steel infrastructure in corresponding environments. Results from previous and new exposure trials are compared to estimate the effect of coupon size over a two year exposure period. Also, the effect of shape and size of round and prismatic specimens is investigated. The results show that larger coupon surface areas yield lower corrosion losses. The latter are considered more relevant for accurate estimation of likely corrosion losses for infrastructure.
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Nova |
2015 |
Jeffrey R, 'Investigation of corrosion of diesel engine aftercoolers', Australasian Corrosion Association Annual Conference: Corrosion and Prevention 2015, ACA 2015 (2015)
Blockages of the aftercoolers of a number of large diesel engines have led to the premature failure of other engine components because of ineffective cooling of inlet air. An afte... [more]
Blockages of the aftercoolers of a number of large diesel engines have led to the premature failure of other engine components because of ineffective cooling of inlet air. An aftercooler was supplied for evaluation. Sectioning of the unit allowed for a detailed examination. Two types of build-up were identified, a green tubercle in the cooling side fins section and a red rust blocking the fins inlet/outlet at the end cap sections. Analysis verified the red rust to be mainly iron hydroxide compounds and the green build up to be copper and chromium based products. Suggestions of the origin of these are given. The reason for the rusting of the internal chambers of the engine appears to have stemmed from a failure to completely drain the engine by means of the secondary drainage valves at some stage during the assembly and/or working life of the engine. The origin of the copper/chrome tubercle appears to have been from inter-granular corrosion of some of the ferrous components. Remedial action can consist of; either cleaning of only the aftercoolers, or the entire engine cooling system. Recommendations are given for either of these options.
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2014 |
Jeffrey R, Melchers RE, 'Five year observations of corrosion losses for steels at a severe marine atmospheric site', Annual Conference of the Australasian Corrosion Association 2014: Corrosion and Prevention 2014 (2014) [E1]
Comprehensive new data for the effects of orientation, height and bold exposure versus shielding effects and detailed chronological observations and variability data for nominally... [more]
Comprehensive new data for the effects of orientation, height and bold exposure versus shielding effects and detailed chronological observations and variability data for nominally identical exposures of mild steel coupons all exposed at one site is presented. Previous investigations have been reported only for different sites and this raises difficulties in making comparisons and deductions. The present results have been obtained under the one local climatic regime for all coupons, thus providing a much more controlled environment within which to compare various effects. The present paper deals with the five-year results and compares these with information available in the literature. After three years most of the boldly exposed double-sided coupons had completely corroded but many single-sided coupons remained viable. The difference in corrosion behaviour between individual coupons exposed at different heights and vertical continuous single strips of steel is described. Moreover, the difference in corrosion losses for a continuous strip and for a series of coupons oriented in different directions is described. Furthermore, variability of nominally identically exposed coupons is reported.
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Nova |
2014 |
Jeffrey R, Melchers RE, 'A comparison of corrosion profiles of steel strips, coupons and chains', Annual Conference of the Australasian Corrosion Association 2014: Corrosion and Prevention 2014 (2014) [E1]
Corrosion profiles for coupons and for single strips have been published previously and tend to show a distinct difference between the two. Corrosion of a continuous strip usually... [more]
Corrosion profiles for coupons and for single strips have been published previously and tend to show a distinct difference between the two. Corrosion of a continuous strip usually results in a flatter profile than that obtained for a set of individual coupons. Herein these results are compared with the corrosion of chain links in chains exposed through the tidal zone. Steel chains are used extensively in the marine industry and are subject to the same corrosive effects as other marine steel infrastructure. The matter of interest is whether chain links act as individual coupons or form part of a single strip as in electrically connected links of a chain. If the corrosion profile is similar to that of coupons, individual links will act as isolated cathode/anode couples and will corrode faster in the tidal zone than if the corrosion loss is spread over the entire length of the chain. The present paper presents corrosion profiles derived from lengths of nominally 10 mm diameter steel chains exposed at three geographical locations and compares these profiles to profiles obtained from single strips and sets of individual coupons exposed at the same or similar locations.
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Nova |
2014 |
Chaves IA, Jeffrey R, Melchers RE, 'The effect of cleaning procedures on corrosion coupon surface topography', Australasian Corrosion Association, Darwin - Australia (2014) [E1]
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Nova |
2013 |
Melchers RE, Jeffrey R, 'Atmospheric Corrosion Of Mild Steel Vertical Prisms Of Different Plan Shape', Corrosion and Prevention 2013, Brisbane (2013) [E1]
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Nova |
2013 |
Jeffrey R, Melchers RE, 'The effect of aluminium allying on the corrosion resistance of cast steel', Corrosion and Prevention 2013 Proceedings, Brisbane (2013) [E1]
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Nova |
2013 |
Jeffrey R, Melchers RE, 'Atmospheric corrosion of mild steel vertical prisms of different plan shape', Annual Conference of the Australasian Corrosion Association 2013: Corrosion and Prevention 2013 (2013)
Atmospheric corrosion tests of mild steel have employed thin flat steel panels of various sizes, with low edge to main surface ratios. The corrosion loss results relate well to th... [more]
Atmospheric corrosion tests of mild steel have employed thin flat steel panels of various sizes, with low edge to main surface ratios. The corrosion loss results relate well to the corrosion of flat steel products and surfaces. The few results reported for circular coupons such as wires showed corrosion losses higher than for flat plates (Jeffrey et al). Herein new observations are reported for the development of rusts, delamination of rusts and of atmospheric corrosion losses for mild steel square, hexagonal and circular prisms exposed in the vertical orientation at Belmont Beach for up to 3 years. The corrosion loss results are compared to previously reported results for flat plate coupons at the same site. In general, smaller samples, including the flat coupons, corroded much more than larger samples. For the smaller prisms rusts delaminated within 12 months or less whereas delamination was not observed for the larger samples. It is proposed that this the result of radial or equivalent cracking permitting higher rates of oxygen diffusion to the corrosion interface.
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2013 |
Jeffrey R, Melchers RE, 'The effect of aluminium alloying on the corrosion resistance of cast steel', Annual Conference of the Australasian Corrosion Association 2013: Corrosion and Prevention 2013 (2013)
There is some evidence that the addition of small amount of aluminium can reduce the atmospheric corrosion of steel. However, systematic long-term investigations are lacking. Ther... [more]
There is some evidence that the addition of small amount of aluminium can reduce the atmospheric corrosion of steel. However, systematic long-term investigations are lacking. There also appears to be no information about resistance of such alloys to marine immersion conditions. This paper reports on the marine environment corrosion performance of steel alloyed with aluminium additions of 0% (control), 2%, 4%, 6% and 8%. The cast steel was forged into billets and machined into coupons. Sets of coupons were exposed to three exposure conditions: (a) in temperate seawater for 1, 2 and 3 years, (b) submerged below the mud-line for 1, 2 and 3 years and (c) exposed at two extremely severe atmospheric marine locations for 12 months. The results show that the increase in Al content reduced corrosion loss in submerged conditions from 10.5% after one year to 2.8% after 3 years. In the coastal atmosphere, corrosion loss dropped from 5.5% after one year with no Al addition to 1.2% with 8% Al alloying. The corrosion resistance in marine mud buried conditions was less favourable. Corrosion loss reduced from 4.4% after one year to 2.9% after 2 years but in some instance the addition of Al had minimal or no effect on corrosion resistance. These observations add to the body of knowledge regarding the effect of aluminium on long-term corrosion loss.
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2012 |
Jeffrey RJ, Melchers RE, 'The effect of microbiological involvement on the topography of corroding mild steel in coastal seawater', Book of Abstracts. Eurocorr 2012, Istanbul, Turkey (2012) [E2]
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2012 |
Jeffrey RJ, 'The changing composition of the corrosion products of mild steel in severe marine atmospheres', Eurocorr 2012. The European Corrosion Congress, Istanbul, Turkey (2012) [E2] |
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2012 |
Melchers RE, Jeffrey RJ, Fontaine E, 'Corrosion and the structural safety of FPSO mooring systems in Tropical waters', Proceedings of the Australasian Structural Engineering Conference 2012, Perth, WA (2012) [E1]
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Nova |
2012 |
Jeffrey RJ, Melchers RE, 'The changing composition of the corrosion products of mild steel in severe marine atmospheres', Annual Conference of the Australasian Corrosion Association 2012, melbourne, australia (2012) [E1]
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2012 |
Jeffrey RJ, Melchers RE, 'The effect of increasing amounts of nutrient on the corrosion rate of mild steel', Corrosion & Prevention 2012, Melbourne, Australia (2012) [E1]
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Nova |
2012 |
Jeffrey RJ, Melchers RE, 'The effect coupon size for the determination of atmospheric corrosivity', Corrosion & Prevention 2012, Melbourne, Australia (2012) [E1]
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Nova |
2012 |
Stockert L, Haas M, Jeffrey RJ, Melchers RE, 'Electrochemical measurements and short-term-in-situ exposure testing', Corrosion & Prevention 2012, Melbourne, Australia (2012) [E1]
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Nova |
2011 |
Jeffrey RJ, Melchers RE, 'The effect of airborne nutrients on atmospheric corrosion', 18th International Corrosion Congress 2011, Perth, WA (2011) [E1]
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Nova |
2011 |
Melchers RE, Jeffrey RJ, 'Deterioration mechanics - The competition between abiotic and biotic processes', Incorporating Sustainable Practice in Mechanics of Structures and Materials: Proceedings of the 21st Australian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials, Melbourne, VIC (2011) [E1]
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Nova |
2011 |
Melchers RE, Ahammed M, Jeffrey RJ, Simundic G, 'Statistical analysis of the surfaces of corroded mild steel plates', Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Applications of Statistics and Probability in Civil Engineering, Zurich, CH (2011) [E1]
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Nova |
2011 |
Jeffrey RJ, 'The anaerobic domain of marine immersion corrosion', Symposium on Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion Papers, Melbourne, VIC (2011) [E1] |
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2010 |
Melchers RE, Jeffrey RJ, 'Experimental investigation of accelerated low water corrosion of steel piling in habours', Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on the Structures Degradation in Coastal Zones, La Rochelle, France (2010) [E1]
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Nova |
2010 |
Jeffrey RJ, Melchers RE, 'Variability of corrosion of mild steel coupons in tidal, splash and atmospheric marine environments', Corrosion and Prevention 2010: Always Protecting, Always Learning, Adelaide, SA (2010) [E1]
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2010 |
Melchers RE, Jeffrey RJ, Simundic G, 'Representativeness of small coupons for corrosion of large plates', Proceedings of the ACA Conference: Corrosion and Prevention 2010, Adelaide, SA (2010) [E1]
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Nova |
2010 |
Melchers RE, Jeffrey RJ, 'On predicting long-term corrosion behaviour from short-term tests', Proceedings of the ACA Conference: Corrosion and Prevention 2010, Adelaide, SA (2010) [E1]
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Nova |
2010 |
Jeffrey RJ, Melchers RE, 'The effect of microbiological involvement on the topography of corroding mild steel in coastal seawater', NACE Corrosion Conference & Expo 2010, San Antonio, TX (2010) [E1]
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Nova |
2010 |
Melchers RE, Jeffrey RJ, 'Corrosion of vertical steel strips exposed in the marine tidal zone and implications for ALWC', NACE Corrosion Conference & Expo 2010, San Antonio, TX (2010) [E1]
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Nova |
2009 |
Jeffrey R, 'Set in stone - Or is it? A case study of rock corrosion', 49th Annual Conference of the Australasian Corrosion Association 2009: Corrosion and Prevention 2009 (2009)
Stone is generally thought to be a relatively long term building material, take Stonehenge and the Pyramids for example. However when significant changes in stone building materia... [more]
Stone is generally thought to be a relatively long term building material, take Stonehenge and the Pyramids for example. However when significant changes in stone building materials are noticed less than two months after exposure to the elements, serious questions have to be asked. The case presented herein involves sandstone tiles that were installed on a property close to an open saltwater bay. Six weeks after being cemented to a concrete slab, hairline cracks occurred at the grout-tile interfaces that eventually resulted in edges of the tile lifting by up to two millimetres. An investigation was carried out where new and used tiles were subjected to cyclic exposure of inundation and drying. Moisture uptake, horizontal and vertical displacement and the thermal expansion coefficient were determined. Analysis of new and used tiles, mortar and a fine slime extracted from new tiles was carried out. It was found that the tiles moved both horizontally following a series of wet/dry cycles. However the significant observation was the amount of calcite identified in the fines washed out of the new tiles. Calcite is one of a number of "mineral glues" that holds the sand in sandstone together. It was deduced that the dissolution of the sandstone glue caused loss of strength of the stone. This dissolution coupled with natural diurnal moisture and temperature cycling and strong adhesion of the lower face caused the tiles to contract on the top face, crack at one edge and eventually to bow.
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2009 |
Jeffrey RJ, Melchers RE, 'Corrosion of isolated and electrically-connected steel coupons in temperate coastal seawater', Corrosion & Prevention 2009: The Management of Infrastructure Deterioration: Conference Proceedings, Coffs Harbour, NSW (2009) [E1]
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Nova |
2009 |
Jeffrey RJ, Melchers RE, 'The effect of seawater sterilisation on the corrosion of mild steel', Corrosion & Prevention 2009: The Management of Infrastructure Deterioration: Conference Proceedings, Coffs Harbour, NSW (2009) [E1]
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Nova |
2008 |
Melchers RE, Jeffrey RJ, 'Evidence for microbiological influenced longer-term corrosion in tidal and coastal atmospheric corrosion of steel elements', Corrosion & Prevention 2008: The Impact of Corrosion on our Lives: Conference Proceedings, Wellington, NZ (2008) [E1]
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Nova |
2008 |
Jeffrey RJ, Melchers RE, 'Corrosion profiles of mild steel in varying tidal seawaters', Corrosion & Prevention 2008: The Impact of Corrosion on our Lives: Conference Proceedings, Wellington, NZ (2008) [E1]
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Nova |
2008 |
Jeffrey RJ, Melchers RE, 'Three year observations of corrosion losses for steels at a severe marine atmospheric site', Corrosion & Prevention 2008: The Impact of Corrosion on our Lives: Conference Proceedings, Wellington, NZ (2008) [E1]
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Nova |
2008 |
Melchers RE, Jeffrey RJ, 'Early test results and interpretations for corrosion of vertical steel strips exposed in the marine tidal zone', The 14th International Congress on Marine Corrosion and Fouling: Abstracts, Kobe, Japan (2008) [E3]
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2008 |
Jeffrey R, Melchers R, 'Three year observations of corrosion losses for steels at a severe marine atmospheric site', 48th Annual Conference of the Australasian Corrosion Association 2008: Corrosion and Prevention 2008 (2008)
A large scale atmospheric corrosion trial extending over five years is currently being conducted at Belmont Beach near Newcastle, Australia. The intent is to obtain information ab... [more]
A large scale atmospheric corrosion trial extending over five years is currently being conducted at Belmont Beach near Newcastle, Australia. The intent is to obtain information about the effects of orientation, height and bold exposure versus shielding effects as well as detailed chronological observations and variability data for nominally identical exposures. Such comprehensive data has not previously been obtained for the one site and under the one local climatic regime for all coupons. This provides a much better and more controlled environment in which to compare the various effects. Failure to achieve this in previous studies renders the study of such influences problematic. Also, variability of nominally identically exposed coupons has not previously been given attention. The paper deals with the three-year results and compares these with information available in the literature. After three years most of the boldly exposed coupons have completely corroded but most of the single sided coupons remain in varying degrees. A comparison is given between individual coupons exposed at different heights and single strips of steel exposed over the same vertical distance.
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2008 |
Jeffrey R, 'Corrosion of galvanized potable water piping - A report of a chain of avoidable events', 48th Annual Conference of the Australasian Corrosion Association 2008: Corrosion and Prevention 2008 (2008)
Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) is not usually associated with the premature failure of galvanized vessels. There have been a number of occurrences of this phenomenon... [more]
Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) is not usually associated with the premature failure of galvanized vessels. There have been a number of occurrences of this phenomenon in the last few years in Australia and New Zealand. One was in a fire hydrant system and another in a military supplies factory. The investigations detailed herein relate to the perforation of galvanized potable water piping at a set of apartments in NZ; however the principles described may well apply to all similar cases. The failure in the NZ apartments was the inevitable result of a chain of events that was traced back to two primal causes. Firstly the materials that were selected, specified, authorised and used coupled with poor on-site workmanship created ideal conditions for premature corrosion of the water reticulation system. Secondly, stagnant water triggered what was an already potentially serious corrosion problem. Explanations of the failures are based on cobbling together of scattered unrelated investigations found in the literature but not previously correlated and applied to actual industrial failures.
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2007 |
Jeffrey RJ, Melchers RE, 'Correlation between water temperature and corrosion of mild steel in different waters', Corrosion Control 007. Conference Proceedings, Sydney (2007) [E1]
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2007 |
Jeffrey RJ, 'Corrosion of mild steel in tropical waters', Corrosion Control 007. Conference Proceedings, Sydney (2007) [E1] |
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2007 |
Jeffrey RJ, 'Analysis of tubercles and rust layers formed on mild steel exposed in seawater', 1st Corrosion and Material Protection Conference 2007. Proceedings, Prague, Czech Republic (2007) [E2] |
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2007 |
Jeffrey RJ, Melchers RE, 'New data for verification of a phenomenological model for corrosion of steels in seawater', 1st Corrosion and Material Protection Conference 2007. Proceedings, Prague, Czech Republic (2007) [E2]
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2007 |
Melchers RE, Jeffrey RJ, 'The critical involvement of anaerobic bacterial activity in modelling the corrosion behaviours of mild steel in marine environments', BIOCORYS 2007, Paris (2007) [E2]
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2007 |
Farinha PA, Jeffrey RJ, 'MIC in ports and harbours - An overview of ALWC phenomena in Australia', MIC Symposium: An International Perspective. Proceedings, Perth (2007) [E2] |
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2007 |
Melchers RE, Jeffrey RJ, 'The involvement of anaerobic bacteria in the corrosion of mild steel in water', MIC Symposium: An International Perspective. Proceedings, Perth (2007) [E2]
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2007 |
Jeffrey RJ, Melchers RE, 'Corrosion profiles of mild steel in varying tidal seawaters', Second World Congress on Corrosion in the Military. Proceedings, Naples, Italy (2007) [E2]
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2007 |
Jeffrey RJ, 'MIC in galvanized potable water piping', Second World Congress on Corrosion in the Military. Proceedings, Naples, Italy (2007) [E2] |
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2007 |
Jeffrey R, 'Corrosion of mild steel in tropical waters', 47th Annual Conference of the Australasian Corrosion Association 2007: Corrosion Control 2007 (2007)
A three year immersion trial has been completed at a tropical immersion test site about 40 km south of Townsville, Queensland. Mild steel coupons were exposed in five tidal planes... [more]
A three year immersion trial has been completed at a tropical immersion test site about 40 km south of Townsville, Queensland. Mild steel coupons were exposed in five tidal planes and recovered at six monthly intervals. Six metre strips were also exposed and recovered over two years, cut into segments and tidal profiles derived. The first year corrosion loss varied from about 50 microns for submerged conditions to greater than 500 microns for the high tide level. Comparisons are made between the loss on coupons and the loss from strip segments, as well as data from the literature. At the tropical site the profiles from individual coupons and equivalent strip segments show a similar trend in the corrosion profiles as opposed to the generally held belief that there is significant difference between the two methods. It was also shown that after six months corrosion of the continuous strip was higher than that on the coupons but after two years the reverse was the case. Tidal corrosion profiles derived from strips confirm preferential high tide corrosion loss but also show the development of a low water accelerated corrosion regime that is attributed to tubercles. X-Ray Diffraction analysis was undertaken on the tubercles, compared to that in the literature for fresh water tubercles and found to be similar.
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2006 |
Jeffrey RJ, Melchers RE, 'Early observations of corrosion losses for steels at a severe marine atmospheric site', Corrosion and Prevention 2006, Hobart, Tasmania (2006) [E1]
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2006 |
Jeffrey RJ, Melchers RE, 'Observations of corrosion losses for steels exposed in tidal seawaters', Corrosion and Prevention 2006, Hobart, Tasmania (2006) [E1]
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2005 |
Jeffrey RJ, Melchers RE, 'Corrosion Field Trials - Case Studies On Unsuccessful Atmospheric And Marine Immersion Studies', Corrosion and Prevention 2005, Gold Coast, QLD (2005) [E1]
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2005 |
Dockrill BJ, Jeffrey RJ, 'Corrosion Rates In A Fertilizer Plant And The Structural Failure Of A Conveyor Gantry', Proceedings Australasian Corrosion Congress, Gold Coast, Australia (2005) [E1] |
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2005 |
Jeffrey RJ, Melchers RE, 'The Changing Surface Topography Of Corroding Mild Steel In Sub-Tropical Coastal Waters', 16th International Corrosion Congress, Beijing, China (2005) [E2]
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2005 |
Jeffrey RJ, Melchers RE, 'Morphology Of The Corrosion Products Of Mild Steel Immersed In Temperate Seawaters', 16th International Corrosion Congress, Beijing, China (2005) [E2]
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2005 |
Dockrill BJ, Jeffrey R, 'Corrosion rates in a fertilizer plant and the structural failure of a conveyor gantry', 45th Annual Conference of the Australasian Corrosion Association 2005: Corrosion and Prevention 2005 (2005)
Subsequent to the structural failure of a gantry supporting a conveyor, transporting single super phosphate in a fertilizer plant, corrosion rates of mild steel was studied. Coupo... [more]
Subsequent to the structural failure of a gantry supporting a conveyor, transporting single super phosphate in a fertilizer plant, corrosion rates of mild steel was studied. Coupon corrosion rate measurements and derived estimations of time-to-failure lead to a reasonable correlation to the collapse of the conveyor gantry. These correlation results now provide further assistance, via a benchmark, for monitoring highly corrosion prone structures such as those in the fertilizer industry. It now appears conceivable that these structures, without maintenance, may have reached a critical failure point after about 30 to 40 years. It was concluded that annual audits comprising inspections of structures at risk, condition monitoring of plant items by ultrasonic thickness testing, advice on the nature of any repairs required and the condition of coatings should be undertaken. Such audits formalising a comprehensive holistic protection programme to mitigate the rate of ongoing corrosion.
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2004 |
Jeffrey RJ, Melchers RE, 'Migration Of Iron Particles, Ions and Compounds During Long-Term Marine Immersion Corrosion', Corrosion and Prevention 2004, Perth, Australia (2004) [E1]
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2004 |
Jeffrey RJ, Melchers RE, 'Influence Of Tidal Movement On Marine Immersion Corrosion Of Mild Steel - Preliminary Results', Corrosion and Prevention 2004, Perth, Australia (2004) [E1]
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2003 |
Jeffrey RJ, Melchers RE, 'An XRD Study Of The Products Of Corrosion Of Mild Steel Immersed In Coastal Conditions', Corrosion Control And NDT, Melbourne, Australia (2003) [E1]
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2003 |
Melchers RE, Jeffrey RJ, 'Observations On The Effect Of Surface 'Roughness' In The Marine Immersion Corrosion Of Mild Steel Coupons', Corrosion Control And NDT, Melbourne, Australia (2003) [E1]
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2002 |
Jeffrey RJ, Melchers RE, 'Effect Of Seawater Velocity On Immersion Corrosion Of Mild Steel', Corrosion And Prevention - 02, Adelaide, South Australia (2002) [E1]
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2002 |
Melchers RE, Jeffrey RJ, 'Variability In Corrosion Of Mild Steel Coupons In Seawater', Corrosion And Prevention 02, Adelaide, South Australia (2002) [E1]
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2002 |
Jeffrey RJ, Melchers RE, 'Influence Of Edge Effect On Marine Immersion Corrosion Measurement For Mild Steel Coupons', 15th International Corrosion Congress, Granada, Spain (2002) [E2]
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2002 |
Jeffrey RJ, Melchers RE, 'Images Of Bacteriological Influence In The Development Of Iron Sulphide In Marine Immersion Environments', 15th International Corrosion Congress, Granada, Spain (2002) [E2]
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2001 |
Jeffrey RJ, Melchers RE, 'Bacteriological influence in the development of iron sulphide species in marine immersion environments', Proceedings of Corrosion and Prevention - 2001, Newcastle (2001) [E1]
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2000 |
Jeffrey RJ, Melchers RE, 'Boundary Conditions of Marine Immersion Coupons', Corrosion & Prevention - 2000, Auckland, New Zealand (2000) [E1]
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1999 |
Jeffrey RJ, Melchers RE, 'Influence of environmental factors on the early corrosion of steel in coastal seawater', Proceedings Corrosion & Prevention-99, Sydney, Australia (1999) [E1]
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