2020 |
Avijgan M, Thomas LC, Osmotherly PG, Bolton PS, 'A Systematic Review of the Diagnostic Criteria Used to Select Participants in Randomised Controlled Trials of Interventions Used to Treat Cervicogenic Headache', Headache, 60 15-27 (2020) [C1]
Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic criteria used in randomized controlled trials to define trial participants as having cervicogenic headache (CeH). ... [more]
Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic criteria used in randomized controlled trials to define trial participants as having cervicogenic headache (CeH). Background: While animal and human studies suggest a biological basis for ¿cervicogenic¿ headaches the diagnostic criteria necessary to evidence CeH are debated. Methods: A systematic review was undertaken guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. An electronic search of MEDLINE, Cochrane, CINHAL, Pedro, AMED, and EMBASE online databases of randomized controlled trials published between January 1983 and October 2018 found 39 randomized controlled trials which met the study inclusion criteria. Results: Two independent reviewers found most trials cited 1 (31/39; 79.5%) or more (3/39; 7.6%) references to define the criteria used to identify CeH in their study participants. In spite of updated publications concerning the characteristics and definition of CeH, many (27/39; 69.2%) used diagnostic criteria published between 5 and 24¿years prior to the randomized controlled trial. The most commonly cited diagnostic criteria included unilateral headache (18/39; 46.2%), cervical movement or sustained posture that either provoked (18/39; 46.2%) or precipitated (17/39; 43.6%) the headache. Fifteen trials did not exclude participants with signs or symptoms of other forms of headache. Although anesthetic blockade of cervical tissue or nerves is considered necessary for a ¿definitive¿ diagnosis, only 7.6% (3/39) of trials used anesthetic blockade at recruitment. Conclusions: This systematic review evidences the heterogeneity in the clinical characteristics used to diagnose CeH in participants recruited in randomized controlled trials. It raises a significant concern about the usefulness of currently available randomized controlled trials to determine the clinical merits of the treatment and management of people with CeHs. Our systematic review suggests that most randomized controlled trials published to date have investigated headaches with a clinical presentation involving the neck that maybe better defined as ¿possible,¿ ¿probable,¿ or ¿definitive¿ CeH depending on how well the diagnostic criteria used align with the most recent edition (3rd) of the International Classification of Headache Disorders.
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Nova |
2020 |
Blyton SJ, Edwards S, Moghaddas D, de Zoete RMJ, Palazzi K, Oldmeadow C, et al., 'A Pilot Longitudinal Study of 3-Dimensional Head and Neck Kinematics During Functional Tasks in Individuals With Chronic Idiopathic Neck Pain Either Wait-Listed for or Receiving Chiropractic Spinal Manipulative Therapy With Exercise', Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics, 43 490-505 (2020) [C1]
Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine if there is a relationship between pain and movement kinematics during functional tasks, evaluated over time, in individuals ... [more]
Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine if there is a relationship between pain and movement kinematics during functional tasks, evaluated over time, in individuals with chronic idiopathic neck pain. Methods: Ten participants with chronic idiopathic neck pain performed 2 functional tasks (overhead reach to the right and putting on a seatbelt) while evaluated using 8 Oqus 300+ cameras. Kinematic variables included joint angles and range of motion (ROM) (°), head segment relative to neck segment (head-neck [HN]); and head/neck segment relative to upper thoracic segment (head/neck-trunk), velocity (m/s), and time (% of movement phase). Pain was quantified using a 100-mm visual analog scale. Linear mixed effects regression models were used to analyze associations between pain and kinematic variables adjusting for treatment group. Results: For overhead reach, higher pain was associated with less HN peak rotation at baseline (ß = ¿0.33; 95% CI -0.52 to ¿0.14, P = .003) and less HN total rotation ROM at 6 months (ß = ¿0.19; 95% CI ¿0.38 to ¿0.003, P = .048). For the seatbelt task, higher pain was associated with less HN peak rotation (ß = ¿0.52; 95% CI -0.74 to ¿0.30 to ¿0.74, P < .001) and less HN total rotation ROM at baseline (ß = ¿0.32; 95% CI ¿0.53 to ¿0.10, P = .006). No other movement variables demonstrated meaningful relationships with pain for the reach or seatbelt tasks. Conclusion: Higher pain is associated with less HN peak and total rotation during functional reaching tasks requiring head rotation. Recognizing altered functional kinematics in individuals with chronic neck pain may assist patient management.
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Nova |
2020 |
Cote P, Bussieres A, Cassidy JD, Hartvigsen J, Kawchuk GN, Leboeuf-Yde C, et al., 'A united statement of the global chiropractic research community against the pseudoscientific claim that chiropractic care boosts immunity', CHIROPRACTIC & MANUAL THERAPIES, 28 (2020)
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2018 |
Bolton PS, Hammam E, Macefield VG, 'Neck movement but not neck position modulates skin sympathetic nerve activity supplying the lower limbs of humans', Journal of Neurophysiology, 119 1283-1290 (2018) [C1]
We previously showed that dynamic, but not static, neck displacement modulates muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) to lower limbs of humans. However, it is not known whether ... [more]
We previously showed that dynamic, but not static, neck displacement modulates muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) to lower limbs of humans. However, it is not known whether dynamic neck displacement modulates skin sympathetic nerve activity (SSNA). Tungsten microelectrodes inserted into the common peroneal nerve were used to record SSNA in 5 female and 4 male subjects lying supine on a table that fixed their head in space but allowed trapezoidal ramp (8.1 ± 1.2°/s) and hold (17.5° for 53 s) or sinusoidal (35° peak to peak at 0.33¿0.46 Hz) horizontal displacement of the body about the head. SSNA recordings were made before, during, and after trapezoidal and sinusoidal displacements of the body. Spike frequency analysis of trapezoidal displacements and cross-correlation analysis during sinusoidal displacements revealed that SSNA was not changed by trapezoid body-only displacement but was cyclically modulated during sinusoidal angular displacements (median, 95% CI: 27.9%, 19.6¿ 48.0%). The magnitude of this modulation was not statistically (P > 0.05) different from that of cardiac and respiratory modulation at rest (47.1%, 18.7¿56.3% and 48.6%, 28.4¿59.3%, respectively) or during sinusoidal displacement (10.3%, 6.2¿32.1% and 26.9%, 13.6¿43.3%, respectively). Respiratory frequency was entrained above its resting rate (0.26 Hz, 0.2¿0.29 Hz) during sinusoidal neck displacement; there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) between respiratory frequency (0.38 Hz, 0.25¿0.49 Hz) and sinusoidal displacement frequency (0.39 Hz, 0.35¿0.42 Hz). This study provides evidence that SSNA is modulated during neck movement, raising the possibility that neck mechanoreceptors may contribute to the cutaneous vasoconstric-tion and sweat release associated with motion sickness. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study demonstrates that dynamic, but not static, stretching of the neck modulates skin sympathetic nerve activity in the lower limbs.
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Nova |
2017 |
Bartholomeusz MD, Bolton PS, Callister R, Skinner V, Hodgson D, 'Design, rationale and feasibility of a multidimensional experimental protocol to study early life stress', Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications, 7 33-43 (2017) [C1]
There is a rapidly accumulating body of evidence regarding the influential role of early life stress (ELS) upon medical and psychiatric conditions. While self-report instruments, ... [more]
There is a rapidly accumulating body of evidence regarding the influential role of early life stress (ELS) upon medical and psychiatric conditions. While self-report instruments, with their intrinsic limitations of recall, remain the primary means of detecting ELS in humans, biological measures are generally limited to a single biological system. This paper describes the design, rationale and feasibility of a study to simultaneously measure neuroendocrine, immune and autonomic nervous system (ANS) responses to psychological and physiological stressors in relation to ELS. Five healthy university students were recruited by advertisement. Exclusion criteria included chronic medical conditions, psychotic disorders, needle phobia, inability to tolerate pain, and those using anti-inflammatory medications. They were clinically interviewed and physiological recordings made over a two-hour period pre, during and post two acute stressors: the cold pressor test and recalling a distressing memory. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and the Parental Bonding Index were utilised to measure ELS. Other psychological measures of mood and personality were also administered. Measurements of heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, skin conductance, skin blood flow and temporal plasma samples were successfully obtained before, during and after acute stress. Participants reported the extensive psychological and multisystem physiological data collection and stress provocations were tolerable. Most (4/5) participants indicated a willingness to return to repeat the protocol, indicating acceptability. Our protocol is viable and safe in young physically healthy adults and allows us to assess simultaneously neuroendocrine, immune and autonomic nervous system responses to stressors in persons assessed for ELS.
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Nova |
2016 |
Bolton PS, Hammam E, Kwok K, Macefield VG, 'Skin sympathetic nerve activity is modulated during slow sinusoidal linear displacements in supine humans', Frontiers in Neuroscience, 10 (2016) [C1]
Low-frequency sinusoidal linear acceleration (0.08 Hz, ±4 mG) modulates skin sympathetic nerve activity (SSNA) in seated subjects (head vertical), suggesting that activation of th... [more]
Low-frequency sinusoidal linear acceleration (0.08 Hz, ±4 mG) modulates skin sympathetic nerve activity (SSNA) in seated subjects (head vertical), suggesting that activation of the utricle in the peripheral vestibular labyrinth modulates SSNA. The aim of the current study was to determine whether SSNA is also modulated by input from the saccule. Tungsten microelectrodes were inserted into the common peroneal nerve to record oligounitary SSNA in 8 subjects laying supine on a motorized platform with the head aligned with the longitudinal axis of the body. Slow sinusoidal (0.08 Hz, 100 cycles) linear acceleration-decelerations (peak ±4 mG) were applied rostrocaudally to predominately activate the saccules, or mediolaterally to predominately activate the utricles. Cross-correlation histograms were constructed between the negative-going sympathetic spikes and the positive peaks of the sinusoidal stimuli. Sinusoidal linear acceleration along the rostrocaudal axis or mediolateral axis both resulted in sinusoidal modulation of SSNA (Median, IQR 27.0, 22-33% and 24.8, 17-39%, respectively). This suggests that both otolith organs act on sympathetic outflow to skin and muscle in a similar manner during supine displacements.
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Nova |
2015 |
Griffin C, Choong WY, Teh W, Buxton AJ, Bolton PS, 'Head and cervical spine posture in behaving rats: Implications for modeling human conditions involving the head and cervical spine', Anatomical Record, 298 455-462 (2015) [C1]
The aim of this study was to define the temporal and spatial (postural) characteristics of the head and cervical vertebral column (spine) of behaving rats in order to better under... [more]
The aim of this study was to define the temporal and spatial (postural) characteristics of the head and cervical vertebral column (spine) of behaving rats in order to better understand their suitability as a model to study human conditions involving the head and neck. Time spent in each of four behavioral postures was determined from video tape recordings of rats (n=10) in the absence and presence of an intruder rat. Plain film radiographic examination of a subset of these rats (n=5) in each of these postures allowed measurement of head and cervical vertebral column positions adopted by the rats. When single they were quadruped or crouched most (~80%) of the time and bipedal either supported or free standing for only ~10% of the time. The introduction of an intruder significantly (P<0.0001) reduced the proportion of time rats spent quadruped (median, from 71% to 47%) and bipedal free standing (median, from 2.9% to 0.4%). The cervical spine was orientated (median, 25-75 percentile) near vertical (18.8°, 4.2°-30.9°) when quadruped, crouched (15.4°, 7.6°-69.3°) and bipedal supported (10.5°, 4.8°-22.6°) but tended to be less vertical oriented when bipedal free standing (25.9°, 7.7°-39.3°). The range of head positions relative to the cervical spine was largest when crouched (73.4°) and smallest when erect free standing (17.7°). This study indicates that, like humans, rats have near vertical orientated cervical vertebral columns but, in contrast to humans, they displace their head in space by movements at both the cervico-thoracic junction and the cranio-cervical regions. Anat Rec, 298:455-462, 2015.
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Nova |
2015 |
Bigland MJ, Budgell BS, Bolton PS, 'The influence of cervical spinal cord compression and vertebral displacement on somatosympathetic reflexes in the rat', Spine Journal, 15 1310-1317 (2015) [C1]
Background context One theory within chiropractic proposes that vertebral subluxation in the upper cervical region induces spinal cord compression sufficient to alter spinal cord ... [more]
Background context One theory within chiropractic proposes that vertebral subluxation in the upper cervical region induces spinal cord compression sufficient to alter spinal cord efferent output. We report on the feasibility of three different experimental approaches to test this theory. Methods A high threshold electrical-evoked somatosympathetic reflex was recorded in adrenal or renal nerves of 10 anaesthetized adult male rats before and after (1) graded pressure was applied directly to the C1/C2 spinal cord segment in eight rats by the use of either direct compression or inflation of an extradural balloon and (2) displacement, less than a dislocation applied posterior to anterior, to the C2 vertebra in two rats. The latency and amplitude of the pre- and postintervention reflex responses were compared. Results The reflex amplitude was not significantly changed by pressure (26 mmHg) from an extra-dural balloon or direct compression of the dura mater onto the dorsal spinal cord. Additional pressure, at least sufficient to occlude the dorsal vessels, induced a significant reduction in the amplitude of the reflex, and this reduction persisted for 20 minutes after removal of the pressure (Dunn's method for all pairwise multiple comparison Q stat=3.437; critical value for k=6 with a=0.05 is 2.936). Maximal vertebral (C2) displacement (4 mm), without dislocation did not induce significant changes compared with the control period. Conclusions Although this feasibility study suggests it is unlikely that upper cervical vertebral subluxation, displacement less than a dislocation, compromises the sympathetic outflow in the adrenal or renal nerves, further vertebral displacement studies are necessary to formally test this.
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Nova |
2014 |
Bolton PS, Hammam E, Macefield VG, 'Neck proprioceptors contribute to the modulation of muscle sympathetic nerve activity to the lower limbs of humans', EXPERIMENTAL BRAIN RESEARCH, 232 2263-2271 (2014) [C1]
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Nova |
2014 |
Harris BM, Hughes DI, Bolton PS, Tadros MA, Callister RJ, Graham BA, 'Contrasting alterations to synaptic and intrinsic properties in upper-cervical superficial dorsal horn neurons following acute neck muscle inflammation', MOLECULAR PAIN, 10 (2014) [C1]
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Nova |
2014 |
Yates BJ, Bolton PS, Macefield VG, 'Vestibulo-Sympathetic Responses', COMPREHENSIVE PHYSIOLOGY, 4 851-887 (2014) [C1]
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Nova |
2014 |
Hammam E, Bolton PS, Kwok K, Macefield VG, 'Vestibular modulation of muscle sympathetic nerve activity during sinusoidal linear acceleration in supine humans', Frontiers in Neuroscience, 8 1-7 (2014) [C1]
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Nova |
2013 |
Bent LR, Sander M, Bolton PS, Macefield VG, 'The vestibular system does not modulate fusimotor drive to muscle spindles in contracting leg muscles of seated subjects', EXPERIMENTAL BRAIN RESEARCH, 227 175-183 (2013) [C1]
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Nova |
2013 |
Parkinson L, Sibbritt D, Bolton P, van Rotterdam J, Villadsen I, 'Well-being outcomes of chiropractic intervention for lower back pain: a systematic review', CLINICAL RHEUMATOLOGY, 32 167-180 (2013) [C1]
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Nova |
2013 |
Smith J, Bolton PS, 'What Are the Clinical Criteria Justifying Spinal Manipulative Therapy for Neck Pain? A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials', PAIN MEDICINE, 14 460-468 (2013) [C1]
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Nova |
2012 |
Bolton PS, Budgell B, 'Visceral responses to spinal manipulation', Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 22 777-784 (2012) [C1]
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Nova |
2012 |
Pickar JG, Bolton PS, 'Spinal manipulative therapy and somatosensory activation', Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 22 785-794 (2012) [C1]
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Nova |
2010 |
Budgell BS, Bolton PS, 'Cerebrospinal fluid pressure response to upper cervical vertebral motion and displacement in the anesthetized rat', Journal of manipulative and physiological therapeutics, 33 355-361 (2010) [C1]
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Nova |
2010 |
Graham BA, Clausen PD, Bolton PS, 'A descriptive study of the force and displacement profiles of the toggle-recoil spinal manipulative procedure (adjustment) as performed by chiropractors', Manual Therapy, 15 74-79 (2010) [C1]
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Nova |
2009 |
Burton AR, Birznieks I, Bolton PS, Henderson LA, Macefield VG, 'Effects of deep and superficial experimentally induced acute pain on muscle sympathetic nerve activity in human subjects', Journal of Physiology, 587 183-193 (2009) [C1]
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Nova |
2009 |
Thomas L, Rivett DA, Bolton PS, 'Validity of the Doppler velocimeter in examination of vertebral artery blood flow and its use in pre-manipulative screening of the neck', Manual Therapy, 14 544-549 (2009) [C1]
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Nova |
2009 |
Thomas L, Rivett DA, Bolton PS, 'Comments in response to letter to the editor', Manual Therapy, 14 E7-E8 (2009) [C3]
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Nova |
2009 |
Thomas L, Rivett DA, Bolton PS, 'Comments in response to letter to the editor by Karl et al. Manual Therapy 2009;14(6):e17', Manual Therapy, 14 E18 (2009) [C3]
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Nova |
2008 |
Thomas L, Rivett DA, Bolton PS, 'Pre-manipulative testing and the use of the velocimeter', Manual Therapy, 13 29-36 (2008) [C1]
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Nova |
2008 |
Thomas L, Rivett DA, Bolton PS, 'Comments in response to letters to editor regarding article: Thomas LC, et al. Premanipulative testing and the velocimeter. Manual Therapy (2007)', Manual Therapy, 13 E5-E6 (2008) [C3]
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Nova |
2008 |
Bolton PS, Rivett DA, Thomas L, 'Comments in response to letters to editor regarding article', Manual Therapy, 13 .-. (2008) |
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2007 |
Flynn JR, Bolton PS, 'Measurement of the vertebral canal dimensions of the neck of the rat with a comparison to the human', Anatomical Record: Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology, 290 893-899 (2007) [C1]
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Nova |
2007 |
Bent LR, Bolton PS, Macefield VG, 'Vestibular inputs do not influence the fusimotor system in relaxed muscles of the human leg', Experimental Brain Research, 180 97-103 (2007) [C1]
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Nova |
2007 |
Budgell BS, Bolton PS, 'Cerebrospinal Fluid Pressure in the Anesthetized Rat', Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics, 30 351-356 (2007) [C1]
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Nova |
2006 |
Bolton PS, Budgell B, Kimpton A, 'Influence of innocuous cervical vertebral movement on the efferent innervation of the adrenal gland in the rat', Autonomic Neuroscience-Basic & Clinical, 124 103-111 (2006) [C1]
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Nova |
2006 |
Bent LR, Bolton PS, Macefield VG, 'Modulation of muscle sympathetic bursts by sinusoidal galvanic vestibular stimulation in human subjects', Experimental Brain Research, 174 701-711 (2006) [C1]
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Nova |
2005 |
Rivett DA, Thomas L, Bolton PS, 'Pre-manipulative testing: where do we go from here?', New Zealand Journal of Physiotherapy, 33 78-84 (2005) [C1]
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Nova |
2005 |
Bolton PS, Budgell BS, 'Spinal manipulation and spinal mobilization influence different axial sensory beds', Medical Hypotheses, 66 258-262 (2005) [C1]
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Nova |
2004 |
Bolton PS, Wardman DL, Macefield VG, 'Absence of short-term vestibular modulation of muscle sympathetic outflow, assessed by brief galvanic vestibular stimulation in awake human subjects', Experimental Brain Research, 154 39-43 (2004) [C1]
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Nova |
2002 |
Bolton PS, 'Minimum standards for cervical manipulation are in the public interest. Comment', AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOTHERAPY, 48 313-313 (2002)
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2001 |
Bolton PS, 'Neck Mechanoreceptor Influence on Lower Limb Posture Cervical Isolation Tests', Activator Vision, 16 No 1 6-10 (2001) [C3] |
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2000 |
Bolton PS, 'Reflex effects of vertebral subluxations: the peripheral nervous system. An update', Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics, 23, No 2 101-103 (2000) [C1]
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2000 |
Bolton PS, Ray C, 'Neck afferent involvement in cardiovascular control during movement', Brain Research Bulletin, 53, No 1 45-49 (2000) [C1]
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2000 |
Winterstein JF, 'Reflex effects of vertebral subluxations: The peripheral nervous system. An update', JOURNAL OF MANIPULATIVE AND PHYSIOLOGICAL THERAPEUTICS, 23 512-512 (2000)
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2000 |
Bolton PS, 'Reflex effects of vertebral subluxations: The peripheral nervous system. An update - In response', JOURNAL OF MANIPULATIVE AND PHYSIOLOGICAL THERAPEUTICS, 23 512-513 (2000)
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1998 |
Bolton PS, Kerman I, Woodring S, Yates B, 'Influences of neck afferents on sympathetic and respiratory nerve activity', Brain Research Bulletin, 47(5) 413-419 (1998) [C1]
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1998 |
Bolton PS, 'The Somatosensory System of the Neck and Its Effects on the Central Nervous System', Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics, 21(8) 553-563 (1998) [C1]
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1998 |
Bolton PS, Holland CT, 'An in vivo method for studying afferent fibre activity from cervical paravertebral tissue during vertebral motion in anaesthetised cats', Journal of Neuroscience Methods, 85 211-218 (1998) [C1]
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1997 |
Brophy GM, Rossiter CD, Bolton PS, Yates BJ, 'Vestibular influences on cat lumbar paravertebral muscles', NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS, 223 189-192 (1997)
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1996 |
Bolton PS, 'Acute Torticollis and Palmer Upper cervical specific technique: A report of three cases', Chiropractic Journal of Australia, 89-93 (1996) [C3] |
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1994 |
WALMSLEY B, BOLTON PS, 'AN IN-VIVO PHARMACOLOGICAL STUDY OF SINGLE GROUP-I A FIBER CONTACTS WITH MOTONEURONS IN THE CAT SPINAL-CORD', JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON, 481 731-741 (1994)
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1993 |
YATES BJ, GOTO T, BOLTON PS, 'RESPONSES OF NEURONS IN THE ROSTRAL VENTROLATERAL MEDULLA OF THE CAT TO NATURAL VESTIBULAR STIMULATION', BRAIN RESEARCH, 601 255-264 (1993)
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1993 |
BOLTON PS, GOTO T, WILSON VJ, 'HORIZONTAL CANAL INPUT TO UPPER CERVICAL COMMISSURAL NEURONS', EXPERIMENTAL BRAIN RESEARCH, 92 549-552 (1993)
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1993 |
YATES BJ, GOTO T, KERMAN I, BOLTON PS, 'RESPONSES OF CAUDAL MEDULLARY RAPHE NEURONS TO NATURAL VESTIBULAR STIMULATION', JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY, 70 938-946 (1993)
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1993 |
Ivancic J, Bryce D, Bolton PS, 'Use of provocational tests by clinicians to predict vulnerability of patients to vertebrobasilar insufficiency', Chiropractic Journal of Australia, 23 59-63 (1993) [C1] |
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1993 |
Bolton PS, Goto B, Yates BJ, 'Analysis of vestibular input to neurones in the rostral ventrolateral medulla of the cat by natural stimulation', Japanese Journal Physiology, 43 274 (1993) |
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1993 |
Bolton PS, Goto T, Kerman IA, Yates BJ, 'Analysis of vestibular input to the caudal medullary raphespinal neurones by natural stimulation in the cat', Neuroscience Research, 18 168-. (1993) |
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1992 |
BOLTON PS, TRACEY DJ, 'NEURONS IN THE DORSAL COLUMN NUCLEI OF THE RAT RESPOND TO STIMULATION OF NECK MECHANORECEPTORS AND PROJECT TO THE THALAMUS', BRAIN RESEARCH, 595 175-179 (1992)
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1992 |
BOLTON PS, TRACEY DJ, 'THE MEDULLARY RELAY FROM NECK RECEPTORS TO SOMATOSENSORY THALAMUS IN THE RAT - A NEUROANATOMICAL STUDY', EXPERIMENTAL BRAIN RESEARCH, 88 473-484 (1992)
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1992 |
BOLTON PS, TRACEY DJ, 'SPINOTHALAMIC AND PROPRIOSPINAL NEURONS IN THE UPPER CERVICAL CORD OF THE RAT - TERMINATIONS OF PRIMARY AFFERENT-FIBERS ON SOMA AND PRIMARY DENDRITES', EXPERIMENTAL BRAIN RESEARCH, 92 59-68 (1992)
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1992 |
YATES BJ, GOTO T, BOLTON PS, 'RESPONSES OF NEURONS IN THE CAUDAL MEDULLARY RAPHE NUCLEI OF THE CAT TO STIMULATION OF THE VESTIBULAR NERVE', EXPERIMENTAL BRAIN RESEARCH, 89 323-332 (1992)
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1992 |
BOLTON PS, GOTO T, SCHOR RH, WILSON VJ, YAMAGATA Y, YATES BJ, 'RESPONSE OF PONTOMEDULLARY RETICULOSPINAL NEURONS TO VESTIBULAR STIMULI IN VERTICAL PLANES - ROLE IN VERTICAL VESTIBULOSPINAL REFLEXES OF THE DECEREBRATE CAT', JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY, 67 639-647 (1992)
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1992 |
BOLTON PS, ENDO K, GOTO T, IMAGAWA M, SASAKI M, UCHINO Y, WILSON VJ, 'CONNECTIONS BETWEEN UTRICULAR NERVE AND DORSAL NECK MOTONEURONS OF THE DECEREBRATE CAT', JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY, 67 1695-1697 (1992)
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1992 |
WILSON VJ, BOLTON PS, GOTO T, SCHOR RH, YAMAGATA Y, YATES BJ, 'SPATIAL TRANSFORMATION IN THE VERTICAL VESTIBULOCOLLIC REFLEX', ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, 656 500-506 (1992)
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1992 |
BOLTON PS, 'ASSESSMENT OF CERVICAL VERTIGO', JOURNAL OF MANIPULATIVE AND PHYSIOLOGICAL THERAPEUTICS, 15 267-268 (1992) |
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1991 |
YATES BJ, YAMAGATA Y, BOLTON PS, 'THE VENTROLATERAL MEDULLA OF THE CAT MEDIATES VESTIBULOSYMPATHETIC REFLEXES', BRAIN RESEARCH, 552 265-272 (1991)
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1991 |
BOLTON PS, 'ASSESSMENT OF CERVICOGENIC VERTIGO', JOURNAL OF MANIPULATIVE AND PHYSIOLOGICAL THERAPEUTICS, 14 487-487 (1991)
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1991 |
BOLTON PS, GOTO T, WILSON VJ, 'COMMISSURAL NEURONS IN THE CAT UPPER CERVICAL SPINAL-CORD', NEUROREPORT, 2 743-746 (1991)
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1991 |
Bolton PS, 'Options for scientifically valid research', Chiropractic Journal of Australia, 12 20-21 (1991) |
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1989 |
Bolton PS, Stick PE, Lord RS, 'Failure of clinical tests to predict cerebral ischemia before neck manipulation', Journal Manipulative Physiology Therapy, 12 304-307 (1989)
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1988 |
Bolton PS, Ware AE, 'Degenerative joint disease in the cervical spine of chiropractic patients', Journal of Australian Chiropractic Association, 18 51-54 (1988) |
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1988 |
Bolton PS, Posters P, 'What are they', Journal of Australian Chiropractic Association, 18 29-30 (1988) |
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1988 |
Bolton PS, 'Peer review of manuscripts: Why bother?', Journal of Australian Chiropractic Association, 18 140-141 (1988) |
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1988 |
Bolton PS, 'Treatment of lumbar motor unit instability with a custom orthosis: clinical procedure', Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics, 11 443 (1988) |
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1986 |
Bolton PS, Minter, 'WR Sacral base angle and lumbosacral zygapophyseal joint facet orientation', Journal of Australian Chiropractic Association, 16 103-106 (1986) |
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1986 |
Bolton PS, 'A Radiographic spirit level', Journal of Australian Chiropractic Association, 14 48-50 (1986) |
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1985 |
Bolton PS, Youcham TR, 'Low back pain or camptcormia', Journal of Australian Chiropractic Association, 18 51-53 (1985) |
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1985 |
Bolton PS, 'Torticollis: a review of etiology, pathology, diagnosis and treatment', Journal of Australian Chiropractic Association, 8 29-32 (1985)
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