2023 |
Hoque MM, Peng Z, Evans G, Doroodchi E, 'Influence of bubble surface loading on particle-laden bubble rising dynamics in a fluid flow system', MINERALS ENGINEERING, 195 (2023) [C1]
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Nova |
2023 |
Gai S, Peng Z, Moghtaderi B, Doroodchi E, 'Escape of an air bubble from a droplet under power ultrasound', Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 148 110986-110986 (2023) [C1]
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Nova |
2022 |
Peng Z, Wang G, Moghtaderi B, Doroodchi E, 'A review of microreactors based on slurry Taylor (segmented) flow', Chemical Engineering Science, 247 (2022) [C1]
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Nova |
2022 |
Gai S, Peng Z, Moghtaderi B, Yu J, Doroodchi E, 'LBM study of ice nucleation induced by the collapse of cavitation bubbles', COMPUTERS & FLUIDS, 246 (2022) [C1]
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Nova |
2022 |
Gai S, Peng Z, Moghtaderi B, Yu J, Doroodchi E, 'Freezing of micro-droplets driven by power ultrasound', CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE, 251 (2022) [C1]
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Nova |
2022 |
Hoque MM, Moreno-Atanasio R, Doroodchi E, Joshi JB, Evans GM, Mitra S, 'Dynamics of a single bubble rising in a quiescent medium', Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 132 (2022) [C1]
In the present work, an experimental analysis was performed to characterise the flow field around a single bubble of different diameters ~ 2.77¿3.53 mm) rising in a quiescent medi... [more]
In the present work, an experimental analysis was performed to characterise the flow field around a single bubble of different diameters ~ 2.77¿3.53 mm) rising in a quiescent medium aiming to determine the effect of bubble size on kinetic energy distribution. The velocity field was measured using a non-intrusive particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique and kinetic energy spectrum was determined in both transverse and longitudinal directions applying a Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT). Both small- and large-scale motions of the flow field were identified and separated using a discreate wavelet transformation (DWT) method. It was found that the energy spectrum of the large-scale motions depended on the bubble size while the small-scale energy spectrum was nearly independent of it. The slopes of the energy spectrum were found to be close to -5/3 and -3 for the large- and small-scale regimes, respectively and the transition of slope was observed to occur at the wavenumber corresponding to the bubble diameter. Using the measured velocity field data, a turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) budget analysis was performed involving five components namely kinetic energy production, turbulent transport, pressure diffusion, viscous diffusion, and energy dissipation. Overall, it was observed that in the vicinity of bubble surface, turbulence production term was not entirely balanced by the dissipation term; and turbulent transport and pressure diffusion term also had significant contributions.
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Nova |
2022 |
Hoque MM, Doroodchi E, Jameson GJ, Evans GM, Mitra S, 'Numerical estimation of critical local energy dissipation rate for particle detachment from a bubble-particle aggregate captured within a confined vortex', Minerals Engineering, 180 (2022) [C1]
In flotation, interactions of bubble-particle aggregates with turbulent flow structures in the liquid medium result in particle detachment. This study aims to simulate this phenom... [more]
In flotation, interactions of bubble-particle aggregates with turbulent flow structures in the liquid medium result in particle detachment. This study aims to simulate this phenomenon involving a bubble-particle aggregate (bubble diameter ~ 3 mm and particle diameter ~ 314 µm) interacting with a turbulent flow structure manifested as a confined vortex in a square cavity connected to a square cross-section channel. An interface resolved three dimensional (3D) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was developed to quantify the bubble-vortex interaction dynamics over a range of channel Reynolds numbers. The CFD model produced a good agreement with the experimentally measured vorticity magnitude, local energy dissipation rate, and bubble motion. It was shown that a bubble-particle aggregate could be captured within the vortex by suitably varying the channel Reynolds number, eventually leading to particle detachment. A separate force balance analysis was performed to determine a criterion for particle detachment utilising the CFD model predicted vorticity and local energy dissipation rate. It was shown that a critical local energy dissipation rate ~ 1.59 m2/s3 was required for particle detachment to occur, which was also verified experimentally.
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Nova |
2021 |
Wang A, Hoque MM, Moreno-Atanasio R, Doroodchi E, Evans G, Mitra S, 'Effect of bubble surface loading on bubble rise velocity', Minerals Engineering, 174 (2021) [C1]
In this study, we report the rising behaviour of the millimetric size ellipsoidal shaped particle-laden bubbles (particle diameter dP ~ 114 µm, bubble diameter dB ~ 2.76 and 3.34 ... [more]
In this study, we report the rising behaviour of the millimetric size ellipsoidal shaped particle-laden bubbles (particle diameter dP ~ 114 µm, bubble diameter dB ~ 2.76 and 3.34 mm) in the range of bubble surface loading (BSL) from 0 to 0.6 both in absence and presence of a surfactant (Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate, 20% CMC). High-speed imaging was used to capture the trajectory of the particle-laden bubble and an image processing methodology was developed to quantify the bubble surface loading. Three different regimes were observed - bubble shape transition (nearly spherical to ellipsoidal), particle detachment (at bubble rear end), and steady (for high BSL) or expansion (for low BSL) of the particle surface covered zone. A threshold for bubble surface loading (BSL ~ 0.40) was determined which had reasonable agreement with the experimental observations. Bubble rise velocity was observed to decrease with bubble surface loading but this trend was less steep in presence of surfactant. It was noted that loss of bubble surface mobility was higher in presence of surfactant, however in absence of surfactant, bubble surface loading contributed significantly to surface immobility. Finally, a correction factor to Schiller-Naumann drag coefficient model was proposed accounting for the bubble surface loading both in presence and absence of surfactant.
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Nova |
2021 |
Gai S, Peng Z, Moghtaderi B, Yu J, Doroodchi E, 'Ice nucleation of water droplet containing solid particles under weak ultrasonic vibration', Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 70 (2021) [C1]
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Nova |
2021 |
Alghamdi YA, Peng Z, Almutairi Z, Alibrahim H, Al-Alweet FM, Moghtaderi B, Doroodchi E, 'Assessment of correlations for minimum fluidization velocity of binary mixtures of particles in gas fluidized beds', Powder Technology, 394 1231-1239 (2021) [C1]
Gas fluidized beds with bi-dispersed particles of different sizes, densities, and shapes are encountered in many industrial processes spanning the manufacture of energy, material ... [more]
Gas fluidized beds with bi-dispersed particles of different sizes, densities, and shapes are encountered in many industrial processes spanning the manufacture of energy, material and resources to greenhouse emissions mitigation and renewable resources utilization. The design and operation of such systems heavily rely on the prediction of minimum fluidization velocity of the mixture (Umf(mixture)) to avoid particle segregation and maximize mixing. Many correlations exist for predicting Umf(mixture); however, they exhibit limitations in accuracy and/or applicability. The limitations of these correlations are often expressed in terms of particles properties (e.g. effective size and density), flow conditions, and solids composition. This study has critically assessed highly cited correlations, delivered a comparative analysis of their applicability and predictability against a large pool of experimental data, and deepened the understanding of parameters that affect the prediction of Umf(mixture) using different correlations.
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Nova |
2021 |
Barma MC, Peng Z, Moghtaderi B, Doroodchi E, 'Freeze desalination of drops of saline solutions', Desalination, 517 115265-115265 (2021) [C1]
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Nova |
2021 |
Gai S, Peng Z, Moghtaderi B, Yu J, Doroodchi E, 'A theoretical model for predicting homogeneous ice nucleation rate based on molecular kinetic energy distribution', Journal of Molecular Liquids, 333 (2021) [C1]
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Nova |
2021 |
Peng Z, Gai S, Barma M, Rahman MM, Moghtaderi B, Doroodchi E, 'Experimental study of gas-liquid-solid flow characteristics in slurry Taylor flow-based multiphase microreactors', Chemical Engineering Journal, 405 (2021) [C1]
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Nova |
2021 |
Barma MC, Peng Z, Moghtaderi B, Doroodchi E, 'Effects of drop size and salt concentration on the freezing temperature of supercooled drops of salt solutions', SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY, 274 (2021) [C1]
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Nova |
2021 |
Wu S, Zhou C, Tremain P, Doroodchi E, Moghtaderi B, 'A phase change calcium looping thermochemical energy storage system based on CaCO3/CaO-CaCl2', Energy Conversion and Management, 227 (2021) [C1]
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Nova |
2020 |
Ge L, Peng Z, Moreno-atanasio R, Doroodchi E, Evans GM, 'Three-Dimensional VOF-DEM Model for Simulating Particle Dynamics in the Liquid Slugs of a Vertical Gas-Liquid-Solid Taylor Flow Microreactor', Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 59 7965-7981 (2020) [C1]
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Nova |
2020 |
Chibwe DK, Evans GM, Doroodchi E, Monaghan BJ, Pinson DJ, Chew SJ, 'Charge material distribution behaviour in blast furnace charging system', Powder Technology, 366 22-35 (2020) [C1]
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Nova |
2020 |
Peng Z, Doroodchi E, Moghtaderi B, 'Heat transfer modelling in Discrete Element Method (DEM)-based simulations of thermal processes: Theory and model development', Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 79 (2020) [C1]
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Nova |
2020 |
Gurieff N, Green D, Koskinen I, Lipson M, Baldry M, Maddocks A, et al., 'Healthy power: Reimagining hospitals as sustainable energy hubs', Sustainability (Switzerland), 12 1-17 (2020) [C1]
Human health is a key pillar of modern conceptions of sustainability. Humanity pays a considerable price for its dependence on fossil-fueled energy systems, which must be addresse... [more]
Human health is a key pillar of modern conceptions of sustainability. Humanity pays a considerable price for its dependence on fossil-fueled energy systems, which must be addressed for sustainable urban development. Public hospitals are focal points for communities and have an opportunity to lead the transition to renewable energy. We have reimagined the healthcare energy ecosystem with sustainable technologies to transform hospitals into networked clean energy hubs. In this concept design, hydrogen is used to couple energy with other on-site medical resource demands, and vanadium flow battery technology is used to engage the public with energy systems. This multi-generation system would reduce harmful emissions while providing reliable services, tackling the linked issues of human and environmental health.
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Nova |
2020 |
Guan L, Yuan Z, Moghtaderi B, Peng Z, Evans GM, Gu C, Doroodchi E, 'Prediction of terminal velocity of fractal aggregates with IBM-LBM method', POWDER TECHNOLOGY, 361 1060-1069 (2020) [C1]
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Nova |
2020 |
Khan S, Karim I, Evans GM, Doroodchi E, Joshi JB, Mitra S, 'Estimation of dispersion coefficient in a solid-liquid fluidised bed system', Powder Technology, 374 560-576 (2020) [C1]
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Nova |
2020 |
Peng Z, Ge L, Moreno-Atanasio R, Evans G, Moghtaderi B, Doroodchi E, 'VOF-DEM study of solid distribution characteristics in slurry Taylor flow-based multiphase microreactors', Chemical Engineering Journal, 396 (2020) [C1]
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Nova |
2020 |
Gai S, Peng Z, Moghtaderi B, Yu J, Doroodchi E, 'LBM modelling of supercooled water freezing with inclusion of the recalescence stage', International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 146 (2020) [C1]
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Nova |
2020 |
Chibwe DK, Evans GM, Doroodchi E, Monaghan BJ, Pinson DJ, Chew SJ, 'Particle near-neighbour separation index for quantification of segregation of granular material', Powder Technology, 360 481-492 (2020) [C1]
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Nova |
2020 |
Wu S, Zhou C, Doroodchi E, Moghtaderi B, 'Techno-economic analysis of an integrated liquid air and thermochemical energy storage system', Energy Conversion and Management, 205 (2020) [C1]
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Nova |
2019 |
Peng Z, Zanganeh J, Doroodchi E, Moghtaderi B, 'Flame Propagation and Reflections of Pressure Waves through Fixed Beds of RTO Devices: A CFD Study', Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 58 23389-23404 (2019) [C1]
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Nova |
2019 |
Wu S, Zhou C, Doroodchi E, Moghtaderi B, 'Thermodynamic analysis of a novel hybrid thermochemical-compressed air energy storage system powered by wind, solar and/or off-peak electricity', Energy Conversion and Management, 180 1268-1280 (2019) [C1]
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Nova |
2019 |
Alghamdi Y, Peng Z, Zanganeh J, Moghtaderi B, Doroodchi E, 'Hydrodynamics similarities in cold flow model of chemical looping combustors: An experimental study', Powder Technology, 343 542-550 (2019) [C1]
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Nova |
2019 |
Alghamdi YA, Peng Z, Luo C, Almutairi Z, Moghtaderi B, Doroodchi E, 'Systematic Study of Pressure Fluctuation in the Riser of a Dual Inter-Connected Circulating Fluidized Bed: Using Single and Binary Particle Species', PROCESSES, 7 (2019) [C1]
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Nova |
2019 |
Fan F, Zhang S, Peng Z, Chen J, Su M, Moghtaderi B, Doroodchi E, 'Numerical investigation of heterogeneous nucleation of water vapour on PM10 for particulate abatement', Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 97 930-939 (2019) [C1]
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Nova |
2019 |
Wu S, Zhou C, Doroodchi E, Moghtaderi B, 'A unique phase change redox cycle using CuO/Cu2 O for utility-scale energy storage', Energy Conversion and Management, 188 366-380 (2019) [C1]
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Nova |
2019 |
Peng Z, Galvin K, Doroodchi E, 'Influence of inclined plates on flow characteristics of a liquid-solid fluidised bed: A CFD-DEM study', Powder Technology, 343 170-184 (2019) [C1]
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Nova |
2018 |
Sun S, Yuan Z, Peng Z, Moghtaderi B, Doroodchi E, 'Computational investigation of particle flow characteristics in pressurised dense phase pneumatic conveying systems', Powder Technology, 329 241-251 (2018) [C1]
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Nova |
2018 |
Ramezani M, Tremain P, Shah K, Doroodchi E, Moghtaderi B, 'Kinetics and Design Parameter Determination for a Calciner Reactor in Unique Conditions of a Novel Greenhouse Calcium Looping Process', ENERGY & FUELS, 32 33-43 (2018) [C1]
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Nova |
2018 |
Yin F, Tremain P, Yu J, Doroodchi E, Moghtaderi B, 'An Experimental Investigation of the Catalytic Activity of Natural Calcium-Rich Minerals and a Novel Dual-Supported CaO-Ca12Al14O33/Al2O3 Catalyst for Biotar Steam Reforming', ENERGY & FUELS, 32 4269-4277 (2018) [C1]
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Nova |
2018 |
Wu S, Zhou C, Doroodchi E, Nellore R, Moghtaderi B, 'A review on high-temperature thermochemical energy storage based on metal oxides redox cycle', Energy Conversion and Management, 168 421-453 (2018) [C1]
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Nova |
2018 |
Mitra S, Evans GM, Doroodchi E, Pareek V, Joshi JB, 'Interactions in droplet and particle system of near unity size ratio (vol 170, pg 154, 2017)', CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE, 192 126-127 (2018)
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2018 |
Luo C, Peng Z, Doroodchi E, Moghtaderi B, 'A three-dimensional hot flow model for simulating the alumina encapsulated NI-NIO methane-air CLC system based on the computational fluid dynamics-discrete element method', Fuel, 224 388-400 (2018) [C1]
A three-dimensional hot flow model for simulating the alumina encapsulated Ni/NiO methane-air CLC system is developed. The temperature of particles (i.e., metal/metal oxides) is c... [more]
A three-dimensional hot flow model for simulating the alumina encapsulated Ni/NiO methane-air CLC system is developed. The temperature of particles (i.e., metal/metal oxides) is calculated based on exothermal/endothermal reactions and the convective heat transfer between particles and the gas mixture. The temperature of the gas mixture is solved by incorporating the energy exchange with the oxygen carrier particles into the governing equations. The motion of particles is tracked using the discrete element method, whilst the fluid flow is governed by the modified Navier-Stokes equations derived by replacing the point and fluid mechanical variables with locally averaged variables and the inclusion of local gas volume fraction. Two different CLC systems with different initial particle conversion rates have been simulated and the characteristics of the CLC hot flow system in terms of distributions of particle and gas mixture temperatures, solid circulation rate and particle conversion rate have been analysed and discussed. The results showed that the transient solid circulation rate varied but fluctuated around a certain value. Heterogeneous distributions of particle temperature and conversion rate have been observed in both fuel and air reactors. The model has been validated by comparing the predicted solid circulation rate and pressure distribution against the experimental data. The hot flow model proves capable of reproducing the CLC mechanism, i.e., transferring oxygen atom from the air reactor to the fuel reactor.
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Nova |
2017 |
Peng Z, Moghtaderi B, Doroodchi E, 'A simple model for predicting solid concentration distribution in binary-solid liquid fluidized beds', AICHE JOURNAL, 63 469-484 (2017) [C1]
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Nova |
2017 |
Zhou C, Tremain P, Doroodchi E, Moghtaderi B, Shah K, 'A novel slag carbon arrestor process for energy recovery in steelmaking industry', Fuel Processing Technology, 155 124-133 (2017) [C1]
A novel slag carbon arrestor process (SCAP) was proposed to improve the heat recovery in energy-intensive steelmaking process, which typically has a low heat recovery. The propose... [more]
A novel slag carbon arrestor process (SCAP) was proposed to improve the heat recovery in energy-intensive steelmaking process, which typically has a low heat recovery. The proposed SCAP process introduces a tar reformer to utilise the slag - a by-product from steelmaking process - as the catalyst to convert coke oven gas and tar into hydrogen-enriched fuel gas. This is achieved by making use of the valuable carbon and/or energy contained in the coke oven gas, which otherwise being wasted, to assist in tar reforming and produce hydrogen-enriched gas. Such concept is expected to reduce the undesired tar formation in steelmaking process along with improved heat recovery efficiency and higher quality coke oven gas production. Both simulation and experimental studies on the slag carbon arrestor process were performed. The preliminary thermodynamic analysis carried out using Aspen Plus v8.4 indicates that with the tar reformer the energy content of coke oven gas was found increased from ~ 34.6 MJ/kg to ~ 37.7 MJ/kg (or by 9%). Also, with the utilisation of carbon deposition on the slag, a reduction of up to 12.8% coke usage in the steelmaking process can be achieved. This corresponds to an energy saving of 4% and a carbon emission reduction of 5.7% compared with the conventional steelmaking process. Preliminary experimental TGA-FTIR investigations revealed a reduction in the aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbon groups and an increase in the production of CO2 and CO, attributed to the tar cracking abilities of slag.
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Nova |
2017 |
Paymooni K, Doroodchi E, Moghtaderi B, 'Oxygen adsorption and desorption characteristics of LSCF5582 membranes for oxygen separation applications', ADVANCED POWDER TECHNOLOGY, 28 1531-1539 (2017) [C1]
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Nova |
2017 |
Ghatage SV, Khan MS, Peng Z, Doroodchi E, Moghtaderi B, Padhiyar N, et al., 'Settling/rising of a foreign particle in solid-liquid fluidized beds: Application of dynamic mesh technique', CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE, 170 139-153 (2017) [C1]
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Nova |
2017 |
Khairul MA, Doroodchi E, Azizian R, Moghtaderi B, Alam M, 'Advanced applications of tunable ferrofluids in energy systems and energy harvesters: A critical review', Energy Conversion and Management, 149 660-674 (2017) [C1]
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Nova |
2017 |
Peng Z, Moghtaderi B, Doroodchi E, 'Suspension stability of slurry Taylor flow: A theoretical analysis', CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE, 174 459-471 (2017) [C1]
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Nova |
2017 |
Paymooni K, Doroodchi E, Motuzas J, da Costa JCD, Moghtaderi B, 'Feasibility study of LSCF5582 membrane integration into a nitrogen based chemical looping air separation process', Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 125 96-107 (2017) [C1]
This study investigates the suitability and effectiveness of La0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-d (LSCF5582) membrane for integration into the reduction reactor of a Nitrogen based chemical l... [more]
This study investigates the suitability and effectiveness of La0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-d (LSCF5582) membrane for integration into the reduction reactor of a Nitrogen based chemical looping air separation (CLAS) process for exclusive separation of oxygen. First, the structural and chemical characteristics as well as the oxygen separation properties of LSCF5582 membranes, prepared at sintering temperatures of 1050¿1350¿°C, were examined to obtain the optimum range of sintering temperatures resulting in membranes with enhanced oxygen separation from air. This was achieved by determining the oxygen permeation properties of LSCF5582 membranes under the reducing environment of the Nitrogen based CLAS process, whereby oxygen is liberated from CuO oxygen carriers on the feed side of the membrane using nitrogen as a reducing gas. Membrane characterisation results showed that a single phase dense LSCF5582 membrane was formed at the sintering temperature range of 1200¿1225¿°C obtaining a maximum oxygen permeation flux of 0.67¿ml¿min-1¿cm-2 and oxygen recovery of 27% at the sintering and operating temperatures of 1200¿°C and 900¿°C, respectively. At the same operating temperature, under the reducing environment of nitrogen, the LSCF5582 membrane sintered at 1225¿°C was found to perform best achieving an oxygen permeation flux and oxygen recovery of 0.77¿ml¿min-1¿cm-2 and 76%, respectively.
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Nova |
2017 |
Yin F, Tremain P, Yu J, Doroodchi E, Moghtaderi B, 'Investigations on the Synergistic Effects of Oxygen and CaO for Biotars Cracking during Biomass Gasification', ENERGY & FUELS, 31 587-598 (2017) [C1]
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Nova |
2017 |
Khairul MA, Doroodchi E, Azizian R, Moghtaderi B, Alam M, 'Thermal performance analysis of tunable magnetite nanofluids for an energy system', APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING, 126 822-833 (2017) [C1]
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Nova |
2017 |
Khairul MA, Doroodchi E, Azizian R, Moghtaderi B, 'The influence of different flow regimes on heat transfer performance and exergy loss of Al2O3/DI-water and CuO/DI-water nanofluids', APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING, 122 566-578 (2017) [C1]
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Nova |
2017 |
Ramezani M, Tremain P, Shah K, Doroodchi E, Moghtaderi B, 'Derivation of Kinetics and Design Parameters for a Carbonator Reactor in a Greenhouse Calcium Looping Process', ENERGY TECHNOLOGY, 5 644-655 (2017) [C1]
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Nova |
2017 |
Fan F, Zhang M, Peng Z, Chen J, Su M, Moghtaderi B, Doroodchi E, 'Direct Simulation Monte Carlo Method for Acoustic Agglomeration under Standing Wave Condition', AEROSOL AND AIR QUALITY RESEARCH, 17 1073-1083 (2017) [C1]
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Nova |
2017 |
Khan MD, Evans GM, Peng Z, Doroodchi E, Moghtaderi B, Joshi JB, et al., 'Expansion behaviour of a binary solid-liquid fluidised bed with different solid mass ratio', ADVANCED POWDER TECHNOLOGY, 28 3111-3129 (2017) [C1]
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Nova |
2017 |
Khan MS, Mitra S, Ghatage S, Doroodchi E, Joshi JB, Evans GM, 'Segregation and dispersion studies in binary solid-liquid fluidised beds: A theoretical and computational study', Powder Technology, 314 400-411 (2017) [C1]
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Nova |
2017 |
Mitra SSK, Evans GM, Doroodchi E, Pareek V, Joshi JB, 'Interactions in droplet and particle system of near unity size ratio', Chemical Engineering Science, 170 154-175 (2017) [C1]
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Nova |
2016 |
Mitra S, Doroodchi E, Evans GM, Pareek V, Joshi JB, 'Interaction Dynamics of a Spherical Particle with a Suspended Liquid Film', AICHE JOURNAL, 62 295-314 (2016) [C1]
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Nova |
2016 |
Mitra S, Thi BTN, Doroodchi E, Pareek V, Joshi JB, Evans GM, 'On wetting characteristics of droplet on a spherical particle in film boiling regime', CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE, 149 181-203 (2016) [C1]
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Nova |
2016 |
Yin F, Shah K, Zhou C, Tremain P, Yu J, Doroodchi E, Moghtaderi B, 'Novel Calcium-Looping-Based Biomass-Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle: Thermodynamic Modeling and Experimental Study', Energy and Fuels, 30 1730-1740 (2016) [C1]
The current work focuses on the development of a novel calcium-looping-based biomass-integrated gasification combined cycle (CL-BIGCC) process. The process is expected to improve ... [more]
The current work focuses on the development of a novel calcium-looping-based biomass-integrated gasification combined cycle (CL-BIGCC) process. The process is expected to improve the energy density of synthesis gas by capturing CO2 in a carbonator. Also, at the same time, the carbonator is expected to act as an ex situ tar removal unit, where tar cracking is expected to occur via catalytic reactions with CaO. The current work evaluates the feasibility of the proposed CL-BIGCC concept via thermodynamic analysis using Aspen Plus. Moreover, the tar cracking ability of CaO is demonstrated using thermogravimetric analyzer coupled to Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (TGA-FTIR) experiments. As part of the thermodynamic analysis, sensitivity analyses of the key process parameters, such as the calcium/biomass (Ca/B) ratio, steam/biomass (S/B) ratio, carbonator temperature, and calciner temperature, and their effects on net thermal-to-electricity efficiency have been studied in detail. The optimal values of key process parameters, such as a compression ratio of 5.1, an air/fuel mass ratio of 15, a Ca/B ratio of 0.53, a S/B ratio of 0.17, and carbonator and calciner temperatures of 650 and 800 °C, respectively, have been obtained. Furthermore, the CL-BIGCC process simulated in the current work was found to have a net thermal-to-electricity efficiency of ~25% based on the above optimal parameters, which is the highest among other conventional steam-based BIGCC processes. The biomass gasification (i.e., partial oxidation) experiments in a TGA-FTIR with a CaO/biomass ratio of 1:1 at different temperatures showed that CaO effectively catalyzed tar-cracking reactions.
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Nova |
2016 |
Zhou C, Shah K, Song H, Zanganeh J, Doroodchi E, Moghtaderi B, 'Integration Options and Economic Analysis of an Integrated Chemical Looping Air Separation Process for Oxy-fuel Combustion', Energy and Fuels, 30 1741-1755 (2016) [C1]
This paper is concerned about a detailed techno-economic assessment of a hypothetical 500 MWe coal-fired power plant in New South Wales, Australia, for oxy-fuel conversion using i... [more]
This paper is concerned about a detailed techno-economic assessment of a hypothetical 500 MWe coal-fired power plant in New South Wales, Australia, for oxy-fuel conversion using integrated chemical looping air separation (ICLAS) technology and cryogenic air separation unit (CASU). The key objectives of this study are to (i) investigate and compare the detailed integration options for oxy-fuel conversion using ICLAS and CASU and (ii) determine the technical merits of the above integration options and the conditions at which the technologies become economically feasible. The study produced scientific evidence that confirms the viability of the CLAS process from both technical and economic points of view under certain conditions. The detailed technical analysis revealed that ICLAS with natural gas integration is energy-efficient compared to CASU running on parasitic load. This is primarily due to the fact that ICLAS needs less auxiliary power compared to CASU. Despite the fact that ICLAS natural gas integration has resulted in higher efficiencies than CASU running on parasitic load, from a series of detailed economic analyses, it was observed that both ICLAS and CASU may not be viable under the present operating and economic conditions. Nevertheless, from sensitivity analysis, it was concluded that ICLAS can become feasible if economic conditions are improved, e.g., a low natural gas market price (<$3.5/GJ), a high electricity wholesale price (>$59/MWh), and/or a high carbon tax (>$33/tonne).
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Nova |
2016 |
Galvin KP, Forghani M, Doroodchi E, Iveson SM, 'Consolidation of non-colloidal spherical particles at low particle Reynolds numbers', KONA Powder and Particle Journal, 2016 249-263 (2016) [C1]
When a system of identical spheres settles under conditions of negligible surface and inertial forces an idealised form of sediment consolidation unfolds amenable to a universal d... [more]
When a system of identical spheres settles under conditions of negligible surface and inertial forces an idealised form of sediment consolidation unfolds amenable to a universal description. We have described this complex process using a simple constitutive model expressed as an elementary scaling law in time, t, applied at the local particle level. The free-volume surrounding a particle consists of two volume contributions occupied by fluid, one portion fixed and the other portion variable, the latter of which declines with t¿2 . A comprehensive system of analytical equations was derived using this one idea, and associated boundary conditions, to describe all aspects of the batch settling process. An experimental system exhibiting negligible surface and inertial forces was used to validate the model and hence assess the merits of the scaling law. Excellent agreement was achieved. The precise physics responsible for this scaling law, and the applicable boundary conditions, remain unclear at this stage. Hence this work is likely to motivate further work in this area, concerned with the dynamics of random consolidation of settling spheres.
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Nova |
2016 |
Khairul MA, Shah K, Doroodchi E, Azizian R, Moghtaderi B, 'Effects of surfactant on stability and thermo-physical properties of metal oxide nanofluids', International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 98 778-787 (2016) [C1]
Optimal thermo-physical properties of nanofluids provide an opportunity to overcome energy associated difficulties, in addition to providing new alternatives to catch, store and e... [more]
Optimal thermo-physical properties of nanofluids provide an opportunity to overcome energy associated difficulties, in addition to providing new alternatives to catch, store and exchange of energy. A significant reduction in energy consumption is possible by improving the performance of a heat exchanger circuit, and may in part alleviate current energy related challenging issues such as global warming, climate change, and the fuel crisis. The objective of this work is to gain an insight into the overall stability of nanofluids with respect to pH, zeta potential, particle size distribution, and its effect on viscosity and thermal conductivity. For the purpose of this study two nanofluids were selected (water based alumina and copper oxide). Various nanoparticles concentrations as well as anionic surfactants (sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate) were investigated for their stability, viscosity as well as thermal conductivity. The results clearly showed that nanofluid stability has a strong relation with viscosity and thermal conductivity. The stability of the nanofluid was found to be improved with a decrease in viscosity and an increase in thermal conductivity.
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2016 |
Alghamdi Y, Peng Z, shah K, Moghtaderi B, Doroodchi E, 'A correlation for predicting solids holdup in the dilute pneumatic conveying flow regime of circulating and interconnected fluidised beds', Powder Technology, 297 357-366 (2016) [C1]
Theoretical modelling, design and operation of circulating and interconnected fluidized beds require an accurate prediction of solids holdup in the fully developed pneumatic conve... [more]
Theoretical modelling, design and operation of circulating and interconnected fluidized beds require an accurate prediction of solids holdup in the fully developed pneumatic conveying flow regime of the riser (i.e. the upper section of the riser). Existing empirical and semi-empirical solids holdup correlations have exhibited limited accuracy and application range. In this study, an empirical correlation was developed to predict the solids holdup at the upper section of the riser in circulating and interconnected fluidized beds with an improved level of accuracy for a broad range of operating conditions and riser dimensions. The correlation is based on a group of dimensionless quantities, which are typically used to describe the hydrodynamics of gas-solids fluidized beds, taking into account gas and particle properties, riser dimensions, and solid circulation rate. The reduced solids flux phenomenon also has been considered directly by introducing a system dependent exponent in the correlation. The correlation predicted 90% of the experimental data with an average deviation of 15%. The correlation is applicable for particle Reynolds numbers between 3.7 and 366.
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2016 |
Peng Z, Alghamdi YA, Moghtaderi B, Doroodchi E, 'CFD-DEM investigation of transition from segregation to mixing of binary solids in gas fluidised beds', Advanced Powder Technology, 27 2342-2353 (2016) [C1]
Gas-solid fluidised beds are widely used in chemical, petrochemical, pharmaceutical, biochemical and powder industries. Particles used in gas-solid fluidised beds often differ in ... [more]
Gas-solid fluidised beds are widely used in chemical, petrochemical, pharmaceutical, biochemical and powder industries. Particles used in gas-solid fluidised beds often differ in size and/or density, thus have the tendency to segregate under certain operating conditions. The results of our earlier work (Alghamdi et al., 2013) showed that for a given binary mixture, the transition from segregation to mixing occurred when the superficial gas velocity was increased over a critical value. In this study, force analysis at particle scale, including particle-particle, particle-wall and particle-fluid interacting forces, has been performed to investigate the underlying mechanisms that drive the occurrence of the transition. The results showed that as the superficial gas velocity increased, the system exhibited three sequential states: segregated, transition, and mixed. The vertical fluid force acting on the particles was found to be responsible for the occurrence of the transition from segregation to mixing, at which the bulk density of the heavy (small) particle species became smaller than the actual density of the light (large) species. After the occurrence of the transition, the particle collisional effects were dominant over the fluid viscous effects in governing the gas-solid two-phase flow. After the system became mixed, the net force of fluid and particle net weight forces conversely tended to separate the particles. However, the particle dispersion induced by particle collisions counterbalanced the particle segregation, acting as the main mechanism driving the good mixing of the binary particle species. The simulation results were in good agreement with the experimental data.
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2016 |
Azizian R, Doroodchi E, Moghtaderi B, 'Influence of Controlled Aggregation on Thermal Conductivity of Nanofluids', JOURNAL OF HEAT TRANSFER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME, 138 (2016) [C1]
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2016 |
Cai J, Peng Z, Wu C, Zhao X, Yuan Z, Moghtaderi B, Doroodchi E, 'Numerical Study of the Orientation of Cylindrical Particles in a Circulating Fluidized Bed', INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH, 55 12806-12817 (2016) [C1]
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2016 |
Peng Z, Joshi JB, Moghtaderi B, Khan MS, Evans GM, Doroodchi E, 'Segregation and dispersion of binary solids in liquid fluidised beds: A CFD-DEM study', Chemical Engineering Science, 152 65-83 (2016) [C1]
Liquid fluidised beds often operate with particles of different sizes and densities, encountering partial or complete segregation of solid particles at certain operating condition... [more]
Liquid fluidised beds often operate with particles of different sizes and densities, encountering partial or complete segregation of solid particles at certain operating conditions. In this study, the segregation and dispersion of binary particle species of the same size but different densities in liquid fluidised beds have been investigated based on the analysis of computational fluid dynamics - discrete element method (CFD-DEM) simulation results.The vertical fluid drag force acting on the particles was found to be responsible for the particle segregation. The mechanisms governing the particle dispersion strongly depended upon the solid-liquid two-phase flow regime, which transited from pseudo-homogeneous to heterogeneous when the superficial liquid velocity reached a certain value. In the homogeneous or pseudo-homogeneous flow regime (Rep=40, ¿L, ave=0.74), particle collisions acted as the main mechanism that drove the dispersion of particles. However, after the system became heterogeneous, the magnitude of the vertical collision force decreased towards zero and correspondingly, the magnitude of the vertical fluid drag force was approaching that of the particle net weight force as the superficial liquid velocity increased. Therefore, in the heterogeneous flow regime (Rep>40, ¿L, ave>0.74), the local turbulence of the fluid flow and particle collisions (if there were any) were found to be the main mechanisms that drove the dispersion of particles in all directions. The dispersion coefficient of individual particles varied significantly throughout the system in the heterogeneous flow regime. The simulation results reasonably agreed with the experimental data and the prediction results by existing correlations.
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2016 |
Zhang Y, Doroodchi E, Moghtaderi B, Han X, Liu Y, 'Hydrogen Production from Ventilation Air Methane in a Dual-Loop Chemical Looping Process', ENERGY & FUELS, 30 4372-4380 (2016) [C1]
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Nova |
2016 |
Khairul MA, Doroodchi E, Azizian R, Moghtaderi B, 'Experimental Study on Fundamental Mechanisms of Ferro-Fluidics for an Electromagnetic Energy Harvester', INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH, 55 12491-12501 (2016) [C1]
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2016 |
Zhou C, Remoroza AI, Shah K, Doroodchi E, Moghtaderi B, 'Experimental study of static and dynamic interactions between supercritical CO2/water and Australian granites', GEOTHERMICS, 64 246-261 (2016) [C1]
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Nova |
2016 |
Gai S, Yu J, Yu H, Eagle J, Zhao H, Lucas J, et al., 'Process simulation of a near-zero-carbon-emission power plant using CO2 as the renewable energy storage medium', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL, 47 240-249 (2016) [C1]
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2016 |
Peng Z, Moghtaderi B, Doroodchi E, 'A modified direct method for void fraction calculation in CFD-DEM simulations', Advanced Powder Technology, 27 19-32 (2016) [C1]
The void fraction of computational cells in numerical simulations of particulate flows using computational fluid dynamics-discrete element method (CFD-DEM) is often directly (or c... [more]
The void fraction of computational cells in numerical simulations of particulate flows using computational fluid dynamics-discrete element method (CFD-DEM) is often directly (or crudely) calculated assuming that the entire body of a particle lies in the cell at which the particle centroid resides. This direct method is most inexpensive but inaccurate and may lead to simulation instabilities. In this study, a modified version of the direct method has been proposed. In this method, referred to as the particle meshing method (PMM), the particle is meshed and the solid volume in a fluid cell is calculated by adding up the particle mesh volume with the basic working principle being the same as that of the direct method. As a result, the PMM inherits the simplicity and hence the computational advantage from the direct method, whilst allowing for duplicating the particle shape and accurate accounting of particle volume in each fluid cell. The numerical simulation characteristics of PMM including numerical stability, minimum particle grid number, prediction accuracy, and computational efficiency have been examined. The results showed that for a specific cell-to-particle size ratio, there was a minimum particle grid number required to reach the stable simulation. A formula of estimating the minimum particle grid number was derived and discussed. Typically, a particle grid number of about 5 times the minimum number was suggested to achieve the best computational efficiency, which was comparable or even higher than that of simulations using the analytical approach. PMM also exhibited the potential to be applied for complex computational domain geometries and irregular shaped particles.
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2015 |
Zhou C, Shah K, Doroodchi E, Moghtaderi B, 'Equilibrium thermodynamic analyses of methanol production via a novel Chemical Looping Carbon Arrestor process', Energy Conversion and Management, 96 392-402 (2015) [C1]
Abstract Methanol economy is considered as an alternative to hydrogen economy due to the better handling and storage characteristics of methanol fuel than liquid hydrogen. This pa... [more]
Abstract Methanol economy is considered as an alternative to hydrogen economy due to the better handling and storage characteristics of methanol fuel than liquid hydrogen. This paper is concerned about a comprehensive equilibrium thermodynamic analysis carried out on methanol production via an innovative Chemical Looping Carbon Arrestor/Reforming process being developed at the University of Newcastle in order to reduce both energy consumption and carbon emissions. The detailed simulation revealed thermodynamic limitations within the Chemical Looping Carbon Reforming process however on the other hand it also confirmed that the new concept is a low energy requirement and low emission option compared to other methanol production technologies. Specifically, the mass and energy balance study showed that the Chemical Looping Carbon Reforming process typically consumes approximately 0.76-0.77 mole methane, 0.25-0.27 mole carbon dioxide, 0.49-0.50 mole water, and 0.51 mole iron oxide (in a chemical looping manner) per mole of methanol production. Moreover, the energy efficiency of Chemical Looping Carbon Reforming process was found to be ~64-70% and its emission profile was found as low as 0.14 mole carbon dioxide per mole of methanol, which is about 82-88% less than the conventional methanol production process and well below the emission levels of other emerging methanol production technologies.
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2015 |
Shah K, Zhou C, Song H, Doroodchi E, Moghtaderi B, 'A novel hybrid chemical-looping oxy combustor process for the combustion of solid and gaseous fuels: Thermodynamic analysis', Energy and Fuels, 29 602-617 (2015) [C1]
The larger reactor volume, additional oxygen polishing unit, and carbon stripper for the separation of oxygen carriers and ash in the chemical looping combustion (CLC) and/or chem... [more]
The larger reactor volume, additional oxygen polishing unit, and carbon stripper for the separation of oxygen carriers and ash in the chemical looping combustion (CLC) and/or chemical looping oxygen uncoupling (CLOU) processes for solid fuels are anticipated not only to incur operational complexity but also to increase the capital and operating costs. As an alternative, this paper proposes a novel hybrid process, called "Chemical Looping Oxy Combustor (CLOC)". This novel process provides an integration of chemical looping air separation (CLAS) with fluidized bed oxy-fuel combustion and is expected to eliminate the need for an additional oxygen polishing unit and carbon stripper. It can be retrofitted to any existing coal circulating fluidized bed (CFB) at low cost. The other advantages of CLOC includes less solid handling issues, flexibility in handling low-grade coal with high moisture, no/less contamination of oxygen carriers, no/less slip of CO2/SOx in an air reactor, low energy penalty, etc. Also, in the CLOC process, coal combustion will occur in a separate fluidized bed combustor with relatively faster kinetics, because of the availability of high oxygen concentration (i.e., ~25-28 vol-"%), which eliminates the need for a larger fuel reactor volume. In the current paper, thermodynamic simulations of CLOC process using Cu-, Mn-, and Co-based metal oxide oxygen carriers were performed. Their performances were also compared against the conventional air-firing and oxy-firing technologies, e.g., oxy-fuel combustion integrated with cryogenic air separation unit (CASU) and CLOU. It was identified that the CLOC process needs external heat for reduction reactor provided by either direct or indirect methane combustion. Moreover, a maximum plant thermal efficiency was achieved for CLOC using Cu-based oxygen carrier. The energy penalty of the CLOC process, compared with the air-firing base case, was found to be ~2%-3%, which is ~4-5 times smaller than those of the CASU cases and only half of that of the CLOU process, indicating that CLOC offers a promising option for the combustion of solid fuels.
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2015 |
Zhang Y, Doroodchi E, Moghtaderi B, 'Comprehensive study of Fe
An experimental study was conducted to identify the most suitable alumina-supported iron-based oxygen carrier for the abatement of ultralow concentration methane using a chemical ... [more]
An experimental study was conducted to identify the most suitable alumina-supported iron-based oxygen carrier for the abatement of ultralow concentration methane using a chemical looping approach. This was done by evaluating the performance characteristics such as reactivity, cyclic stability, and gas conversion. The experiments were carried out in a thermogravimetric analyzer and a fixed bed reactor setup under the desired conditions. Thermodynamics analysis was carried out using the commercially available software ASPENPLUS. The analysis suggested that the favorable iron-based oxygen carriers were those with the weight content of Fe2O3 less than 50 wt %. Three Fe2O3/Al2O3 samples were therefore prepared with the metal oxide contents in the range of 10-45 wt %, i.e., Fe10Al, Fe25Al, and Fe45Al. The thermogravimetric analysis experimental results showed that the reduction reactivity and stability were improved with the addition of support material compared with unsupported Fe2O3. Moreover, the reduction reactivity varied with the solid conversion range and the weight content of the parent material. For full reduction of Fe2O3 to Fe3O4, the sample Fe10Al showed the highest reduction reactivity. However, in terms of the rate of oxygen transport (which considers the combined effects of the oxygen transfer capacity and reactivity), the highest value was achieved by the Fe45Al sample. The gas conversion of CH4 to CO2 was also quite dependent on the weight content of Fe2O3. Essentially, Fe45Al delivered the longest duration on high-level conversion (i.e., complete conversion of CH4 to CO2). In summary, Fe45Al was found to be the most suitable oxygen carrier candidate in this application. The effect of operational parameters was further examined with various reaction temperatures (873-1073 K), methane concentrations (0.1-1.5 vol %), and CO2 compositions (0-50 vol %).
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2015 |
Shah K, Moghtaderi B, Doroodchi E, Sandford J, 'A feasibility study on a novel stone dust looping process for abatement of ventilation air methane', Fuel Processing Technology, 140 285-296 (2015) [C1]
This paper describes the development of a novel stone dust looping process that relates to the removal of ventilation air methane using stone dust. The working principle behind th... [more]
This paper describes the development of a novel stone dust looping process that relates to the removal of ventilation air methane using stone dust. The working principle behind the stone dust looping process is incredibly simple which involves the catalytic oxidation of methane followed by carbonation and calcination reactions. In the current work, laboratory scale fluidized bed experiments and process simulations were conducted to evaluate the feasibility of the stone dust looping process. The experimental work concluded that oxidation of ventilation air methane in the stone dust looping process can be successfully achieved at temperatures between 500 and 650 °C. The experimental results indicated that oxidation of methane was found to increase at higher temperatures while carbon dioxide capture efficiency showed a declining trend with increasing temperature. Furthermore, higher methane conversion and optimum (thermodynamic) carbon dioxide capture efficiency were observed for lower ventilation air methane flow rates and higher bed inventory. The concentration of methane in ventilation air methane and stone dust particle size did not have a significant effect on methane conversion or carbon dioxide capture. Also, comparison with synthetically prepared CuO and Fe<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> catalysts has been made with CaO for VAM oxidation. CaO was found to be comparable to Fe<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> and superior to CuO. From the process simulations, it was concluded that thermal energy generation in the carbonator was increased with higher methane and carbon dioxide concentrations. However, at the same time for higher methane and carbon dioxide concentrations, a greater CaO flux was required in the carbonator and hence a larger amount of goaf gas was required for the calcination reaction. The higher thermal energy generation in the carbonator was expected to improve the autothermicity of the stone dust looping process at concentrations of methane in the ventilation stream < 0.2 vol.% (thermodynamic limit).
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2015 |
Ramezani M, Shah K, Doroodchi E, Moghtaderi B, 'Application of a novel calcium looping process for production of heat and carbon dioxide enrichment of greenhouses', Energy Conversion and Management, 103 129-138 (2015) [C1]
Abstract Greenhouses typically employ conventional burner systems to suffice heat and carbon dioxide required for plant growth. The energy requirement and carbon dioxide emissions... [more]
Abstract Greenhouses typically employ conventional burner systems to suffice heat and carbon dioxide required for plant growth. The energy requirement and carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel burner are generally high. As an alternative, this paper describes a novel greenhouse calcium looping process which is expected to decrease the energy requirements and associated carbon dioxide emissions. The conceptual design of greenhouse calcium looping process is carried out in the ASPEN Plus v 7.3 simulator. In a greenhouse calcium looping process, the calcination reaction is considered to take place during day time in order to provide the required optimum carbon dioxide between 1000 and 2000 ppm, while the carbonation reaction is occurred during night time to provide required heat. The process simulations carried out in ASPEN indicates that greenhouse calcium looping process theoretically attributes to zero emission of carbon dioxide. Moreover, in a scenario modelling study compared to the conventional natural gas burner system, the heat duty requirements in the greenhouse calcium looping process were found to reduce by as high as 72%.
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2015 |
Zhang Y, Doroodchi E, Moghtaderi B, 'Reduction kinetics of Fe
Fe2O3/Al2O3 is found to be a suitable oxygen carrier candidate for the chemical looping combustion with ultralow methane concentration in a previous study by our team. In order to... [more]
Fe2O3/Al2O3 is found to be a suitable oxygen carrier candidate for the chemical looping combustion with ultralow methane concentration in a previous study by our team. In order to facilitate the fundamental reactor design and understand the energy consumption, the reduction kinetics mechanism of Fe2O3 (hematite) with 0.5 vol % CH4 was determined and the kinetic parameters were estimated based on the thermogravimetric analysis. Two oxygen carriers (i.e., Fe25Al and Fe45Al) were prepared and used in the TGA experiment. It was observed that the reduction of Fe2O3 was a two-steps process. Initially, Fe2O3 is transformed into Fe3O4 (magnetite) at a fast reaction rate and followed by a slow step corresponding to the reduction from Fe3O4 to FeAl2O4. A topochemical approach associated with Hancock and Sharp's method was therefore applied to determine the most suitable kinetic model for the reduction process. It was found that the initial fast step can be described by the Avrami-Erofe'ev phase change model, the A2 model for low conversion, and the A3 model for high conversion, whereas the reaction for the second step was in diffusion control. It also can be concluded that within the Fe2O3 content of 25-45 wt %, there is no difference on the reduction kinetic mechanism and similar activation energy was obtained, which can be comparable with the findings in the literature.
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2015 |
Peng Z, Doroodchi E, Alghamdi YA, Shah K, Luo C, Moghtaderi B, 'CFD-DEM simulation of solid circulation rate in the cold flow model of chemical looping systems', Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 95 262-280 (2015) [C1]
In a chemical looping combustor (CLC) system, the solid circulation rate (SCR) is a key parameter that determines the design, operating conditions and the overall efficiency of th... [more]
In a chemical looping combustor (CLC) system, the solid circulation rate (SCR) is a key parameter that determines the design, operating conditions and the overall efficiency of the system. In the present work, the gas-solid flow of a CLC cold flow model (10kWth) has been simulated by the computational fluid dynamics-discrete element method (CFD-DEM). The results showed that the SCR at different locations of the system fluctuates with time with different amplitude, and the variation of SCR is periodically stable. The turbulent gas-solid flow regime in the air reactor was found to be the main mechanism driving the fluctuation of SCR and determined the fluctuation frequency and amplitude. The SCR increased with the flow rates of air/fuel reactors and loop seals, and the total solid inventory. Changes in operating conditions directly induced the change in the mass of solids that were entrained into the riser from the air reactor and how fast the solids were transported therein. A correlation was subsequently proposed to describe the SCR as a function of solid hold-up and gas flow velocity in the riser. The particle residence time decreased in a power law as the SCR increased. Reasonable agreements were obtained between simulations and experiments in terms of solid distribution, gas-solid flow patterns, pressure drop profiles and SCR.
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2015 |
Peng Z, Doroodchi E, Sathe M, Joshi JB, Evans GM, Moghtaderi B, 'A method for calculating the surface area of numerically simulated aggregates', Advanced Powder Technology, 26 56-65 (2015) [C1]
The success of many industrial processes largely depends on the structural characteristics of aggregates. In intensive aerobic digestion process for wastewater treatment applicati... [more]
The success of many industrial processes largely depends on the structural characteristics of aggregates. In intensive aerobic digestion process for wastewater treatment applications, the structural characteristics namely aggregate shape, size and therefore the aggregate surface area strongly influence the transfer of dissolved oxygen from the aeration process to aggregates of harmful contaminants/microorganisms. The aim of this study was to apply Discrete Element Modelling (DEM) techniques to the aggregation of suspended particles (microorganisms) to quantify the available surface area for convection and diffusion as a function of particles number concentration and surface charge. The simulation inputs included particle and fluid characteristics such as particle size and density, solid concentration, suspension pH and ionic strength. A post processing method based on the Go-chess concept was developed to quantify the surface area of aggregate structure. The simulation results showed that whilst an increase in connection points increases the total surface area of the aggregate, this does not necessarily translate into an increase in the surface area available for oxygen transfer as combinations of open and close pores are formed. Aggregate surface area was directly determined by aggregate structural characteristics, and increased rapidly when the coordination number was below 3.5 and the fractal dimension was less than 1.5. A correlation for prediction of aggregate external surface area was also proposed as a function of aggregate structural characteristics in terms of fractal dimension and coordination number.
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2015 |
Mitra S, Doroodchi E, Pareek V, Joshi JB, Evans GM, 'Collision behaviour of a smaller particle into a larger stationary droplet', ADVANCED POWDER TECHNOLOGY, 26 280-295 (2015) [C1]
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2015 |
Alghamdi Y, Peng Z, Shah K, Moghtaderi B, Doroodchi E, 'Predicting the solid circulation rate in chemical looping combustion systems using pressure drop measurements', Powder Technology, 286 572-581 (2015) [C1]
In chemical looping combustion systems, accurate measurement of the solid circulation rate (SCR) is crucial for optimising the system performance. Conventionally, the SCR is predi... [more]
In chemical looping combustion systems, accurate measurement of the solid circulation rate (SCR) is crucial for optimising the system performance. Conventionally, the SCR is predicted using the riser total pressure drop leading to an overestimation of up to 70%. In this work, a model has been proposed for the SCR prediction using the pressure drop at the top section of the riser. The height of this top section was determined by the riser gas-solid flow characteristics, namely, the axial solid holdup profile and lateral solid flux profile. A kinematic model was developed to predict the axial solid holdup profile and the reduced solid flux model developed by Rhodes et al. (1992) was employed to predict the mass fraction of upwards flowing solids. The prediction results of the proposed model were validated against the experimental data obtained in this work and those reported in the literature, where the prediction accuracy of SCR was significantly improved (by up to 60%) with a deviation of around 15%.
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2014 |
Peng Z, Doroodchi E, Luo C, Moghtaderi B, 'Influence of void fraction calculation on fidelity of CFD-DEM simulation of gas-solid bubbling fluidized beds', AIChE Journal, (2014) [C1]
The correct calculation of cell void fraction is pivotal in accurate simulation of two-phase flows using a computational fluid dynamics-discrete element method (CFD-DEM) approach.... [more]
The correct calculation of cell void fraction is pivotal in accurate simulation of two-phase flows using a computational fluid dynamics-discrete element method (CFD-DEM) approach. Two classical approaches for void fraction calculations (i.e., particle centroid method or PCM and analytical approach) were examined, and the accuracy of these methodologies in predicting the particle-fluid flow characteristics of bubbling fluidized beds was investigated. It was found that there is a critical cell size (3.82 particle diameters) beyond which the PCM can achieve the same numerical stability and prediction accuracy as those of the analytical approach. There is also a critical cell size (1/19.3 domain size) below which meso-scale flow structures are resolved. Moreover, a lower limit of cell size (1.63 particle diameters) was identified to satisfy the assumptions of CFD-DEM governing equations. A reference map for selecting the ideal computational cell size and the suitable approach for void fraction calculation was subsequently developed. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers.
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2014 |
Peng Z, Ghatage SV, Doroodchi E, Joshi JB, Evans GM, Moghtaderi B, 'Forces acting on a single introduced particle in a solid-liquid fluidised bed', Chemical Engineering Science, 116 49-70 (2014) [C1]
In a liquid fluidised bed system, the motion of each phase is governed by fluid-particle and particle-particle interactions. The particle-particle collisions can significantly aff... [more]
In a liquid fluidised bed system, the motion of each phase is governed by fluid-particle and particle-particle interactions. The particle-particle collisions can significantly affect the motion of individual particles and hence the solid-liquid two phase flow characteristics. In the current work, computational fluid dynamics-discrete element method (CFD-DEM) simulations of a dense foreign particle introduced in a monodispersed solid-liquid fluidised bed (SLFB) have been carried out. The fluidisation hydrodynamics of SLFB, settling behaviour of the foreign particle, fluid-particle interactions, and particle-particle collision behaviour have been investigated. Experiments including particle classification velocity measurements and fluid turbulence characterisation by particle image velocimetry (PIV) were conducted for the validation of prediction results. Compared to those predicted by empirical correlations, the particle classification velocity predicted by CFD-DEM provided the best agreement with the experimental data (less than 10% deviation). The particle collision frequency increased monotonically with the solid fraction. The dimensionless collision frequency obtained by CFD-DEM excellently fit the data line predicted by the kinetic theory for granular flow (KTGF). The particle collision frequency increased with the particle size ratio (dP2/dP1) and became independent of the foreign particle size for high solid fractions when the fluidised particle size was kept constant. The magnitude of collision force was 10-50 times greater than that of gravitational force and maximally 9 times greater than that of drag force. A correlation describing the collision force as a function of bed voidage was developed for Stp>65 and dP2/dP1=2. A maximum deviation of less than 20% was obtained when the correlation was used for the prediction of particle collision force. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.
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2014 |
Azizian R, Doroodchi E, McKrell T, Buongiorno J, Hu LW, Moghtaderi B, 'Effect of magnetic field on laminar convective heat transfer of magnetite nanofluids', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER, 68 94-109 (2014) [C1]
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Nova |
2014 |
Zhou C, Doroodchi E, Moghtaderi B, 'Assessment of geothermal assisted coal-fired power generation using an Australian case study', ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT, 82 283-300 (2014) [C1]
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Nova |
2014 |
Zhang Y, Doroodchi E, Moghtaderi B, 'Chemical looping combustion of ultra low concentration of methane with Fe2O3/Al2O3 and CuO/SiO2', APPLIED ENERGY, 113 1916-1923 (2014) [C1]
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Nova |
2014 |
Song H, Shah K, Doroodchi E, Moghtaderi B, 'Development of a Cu-Mg-Based Oxygen Carrier with SiO2 as a Support for Chemical Looping Air Separation', ENERGY & FUELS, 28 163-172 (2014) [C1]
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2014 |
Song H, Shah K, Doroodchi E, Wall T, Moghtaderi B, 'Analysis on Chemical Reaction Kinetics of CuO/SiO2 Oxygen Carriers for Chemical Looping Air Separation', ENERGY & FUELS, 28 173-182 (2014) [C1]
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2014 |
Song H, Shah K, Doroodchi E, Wall T, Moghtaderi B, 'Reactivity of Al
The chemical looping air separation (CLAS) is a novel method for producing high-purity oxygen, which can be effectively integrated to oxy-fuel power plants. CuO/Cu2O, Mn2O3/Mn3O 4... [more]
The chemical looping air separation (CLAS) is a novel method for producing high-purity oxygen, which can be effectively integrated to oxy-fuel power plants. CuO/Cu2O, Mn2O3/Mn3O 4, and Co3O4/CoO have been found to be the most thermodynamically suitable oxidation pairs for the CLAS process. In the current study, the reactivity and stability of these metal oxides were analyzed further. A total of six different oxygen carrier samples were prepared by the dry impregnation method on SiO2 and Al2O3 supports. Their redox behavior has been investigated in a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) at four different temperatures, i.e., 800, 850, 900, and 950 C, where the temperature-programmed oxygen release and oxidation were applied for 5 continuous cycles using nitrogen and air, respectively. The results indicate that, although relatively all oxygen carriers exhibited good reactivity, CuO/Cu2O with SiO2 and Co3O4/CoO with Al2O3 were found to be most stable. Furthermore, oxygen transport capacity (OTC) (%) and rate of oxygen transport (ROT) (% min-1) were calculated. It was found that Cu oxide with SiO 2 has the highest OTC of 4.77% as well as the highest ROT of 5.1 and 10.9% min-1 for oxygen release and oxidation, respectively, at 950 C. The CuO/SiO2 oxygen carrier also exhibited better stability for the 41 continuous cycle test, with only 10.3% loss in OTC compared to 22.3% for Co3O4/Al2O3. The grain size growth was found to be the key cause in the loss of OTC. The oxygen concentration in the outlet stream for the CuO/SiO2 oxygen carrier was measured in packed-bed experiments at different temperatures. It was observed that the oxygen concentration at the outlet of the reactor was consistent with the equilibrium values at studied temperatures. © 2014 American Chemical Society.
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2014 |
Zhang Y, Moghtaderi B, Doroodchi E, 'Utilization of ventilation air methane as an oxidizing agent in chemical looping combustion', Energy Conversion and Management, (2014) [C1]
Release of fugitive methane (CH) emissions from ventilation air in coal mines is a major source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Approximately 64% of methane emissions in coal m... [more]
Release of fugitive methane (CH) emissions from ventilation air in coal mines is a major source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Approximately 64% of methane emissions in coal mine operations are the result of VAM (i.e. ventilation air methane) which is difficult for use as a source of energy. A novel ancillary utilization of VAM was thereby proposed. In this proposal, the VAM was utilized instead of air as a feedstock to a chemical looping combustion (CLC) process of coal. In this case, FeO/FeO particles were shuttled between two interconnected reactors for combustion of syngas produced by an imbedded coal gasifier. The effect of VAM flow rate and methane concentration on the performance of CLC was analyzed thermodynamically using Aspen Plus software. Results indicated that the variations of air reactor temperature with VAM flow rate and methane concentration can be minimized as expected. The effect of temperature and inlet methane concentration on the conversion of CH was examined experimentally in a fixed bed reactor with the presence of particles of FeO/AlO. Not surprisingly, the reaction temperature put a significant influence on the conversion of CH. The conversion started at the temperature about 300 °C and the temperature to achieve full conversion was around 500 °C while the temperature in empty reactor between 665 °C and 840 °C. This is due to the catalytic effect of oxygen carriers (i.e. FeO/AlO) on the conversion of methane. Moreover, it was observed that the methane conversion rate decreased with the increase in inlet methane concentration while increasing with FeO loading content. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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2014 |
Ghatage SV, Peng Z, Sathe MJ, Doroodchi E, Padhiyar N, Moghtaderi B, et al., 'Stability analysis in solid-liquid fluidized beds: Experimental and computational', Chemical Engineering Journal, 256 169-186 (2014) [C1]
In this study the transition from homogeneous to heterogeneous flow in a solid-liquid fluidized bed (SLFB) is examined both experimentally and numerically. The experimental appara... [more]
In this study the transition from homogeneous to heterogeneous flow in a solid-liquid fluidized bed (SLFB) is examined both experimentally and numerically. The experimental apparatus comprised a refractive index-matched SLFB, comprising 5. mm diameter borosilicate glass and sodium iodine solution, which allowed for both instantaneous particle image velocimetry of the liquid flow field and solids hold-up measurements to be undertaken for superficial liquid velocities in the range of 0.06-0.22. m/s. The motion of individual, spherical steel balls (with diameters 6, 7, 8, 9. mm) was then tracked as it settled through the fluidized bed for differing superficial liquid velocities. It was observed that, for all the steel balls covered in this work, there was a change in slope in their respective classification velocity curves at a superficial liquid velocity of 0.08. m/s. This value was very close to the critical velocity of 0.085. m/s predicted from 1-D linear stability analysis; and therefore deemed to be the critical condition that marked the transition from homogeneous to non-homogenous flow. It is proposed that the change in slope of the classification velocity curve is due to the encounter of the settling foreign particles with liquid bubbles whose presence marks the onset of heterogeneous flow. Additional computational analysis, involving both Eulerian-Eulerian (E-E) and Eulerian-Lagrangian (E-L) approaches, is used to confirm the presence of liquid bubbles at a critical liquid hold-up of 0.54, which corresponds to that predicted from 1-D linear stability analysis. In summary, the study has highlighted that experimentally the transition condition for a SLFB can be obtained simply by observing the behavior of the classification velocity of a single foreign particle at different superficial liquid velocities. This transition condition was found to agree with the 1D linear stability criterion, Eulerian-Eulerian CFD (3D) and Eulerian-Lagrangian DEM (3D) approaches. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.
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2013 |
Mitra S, Sathe MJ, Doroodchi E, Utikar R, Shah MK, Pareek V, et al., 'Droplet impact dynamics on a spherical particle', CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE, 100 105-119 (2013) [C1]
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2013 |
Ghatage SV, Sathe MJ, Doroodchi E, Joshi JB, Evans GM, 'Effect of turbulence on particle and bubble slip velocity', CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE, 100 120-136 (2013) [C1]
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2013 |
Doroodchi E, Zulfiqar H, Moghtaderi B, 'A combined experimental and theoretical study on laboratory-scale comminution of coal and biomass blends', POWDER TECHNOLOGY, 235 412-421 (2013) [C1]
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2013 |
Peng Z, Doroodchi E, Alghamdi Y, Moghtaderi B, 'Mixing and segregation of solid mixtures in bubbling fluidized beds under conditions pertinent to the fuel reactor of a chemical looping system', Powder Technology, 235 823-837 (2013) [C1]
Performance of chemical looping combustion processes can be improved drastically by enhancing the overall redox characteristics of the system through the use of binary mixtures of... [more]
Performance of chemical looping combustion processes can be improved drastically by enhancing the overall redox characteristics of the system through the use of binary mixtures of oxygen carriers. However, binary mixtures of oxygen carrier particles are often found to differ in both size and density and therefore have the tendency to segregate under certain operating conditions.In this work, a numerical study was conducted to investigate the mixing and segregation behaviour of binary mixtures of particles with different sizes and densities in a bubbling fluidized bed under conditions pertinent to the fuel reactor of a cold flow model (i.e. a non-reacting replica) of a 10kWth chemical looping combustor. The motion of particles was tracked individually by discrete element model (DEM), whilst the gas flow was modelled by computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Gas-particle interactions were considered by a two-way coupling method. Further, a modified version of Lacey's method was developed to calculate the mixing index, taking into account both the heterogeneity of solids spatial distribution and particle size differences.Results showed that the modified Lacey's method provided very consistent and stable mixing indexes, proving to be effective for an in-situ quantitative description of mixing. It was also found that as the size ratio of the binary mixture of particles reduced, the mixing index increased indicating better mixing conditions. The agreement between the DEM/CFD model predictions and the experimental data was found to be satisfactory. The optimum conditions for mixing of binary mixtures appeared to be a function of bubble size, bubble rising rate and bubbling dynamics (e.g., splitting and coalescence). Application of the DEM/CFD model for prediction of layer inversion phenomenon in gas-solid fluidized beds was also demonstrated. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.
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2013 |
Zhou C, Doroodchi E, Moghtaderi B, 'An in-depth assessment of hybrid solar-geothermal power generation', Energy Conversion and Management, 74 88-101 (2013) [C1]
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2013 |
Doroodchi E, Sathe M, Evans G, Moghtaderi B, 'Liquid-liquid mixing using micro-fluidised beds', Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 91 2235-2242 (2013) [C1]
This study experimentally investigates the application of a solid-liquid micro-fluidised bed as a micro-mixing device. The experiments were performed in a borosilicate capillary t... [more]
This study experimentally investigates the application of a solid-liquid micro-fluidised bed as a micro-mixing device. The experiments were performed in a borosilicate capillary tube with an internal diameter of 1.2. mm (i.e. near the upper-limit dimension of a micro-fluidic system) using borosilicate particles with a mean diameter of 98 µm. Refractive index matching technique using sodium iodide solution was employed to achieve a transparent fluidised bed. Mixing performance of the micro-fluidised bed in terms of mixing time was investigated using a dye dilution technique. Experiments were carried out in the creeping flow regime at Reynolds numbers ranging between 0.27 and 0.72. It was demonstrated that the micro-fluidised bed mixing time sharply decreases as the Reynolds number increases. That is because at relatively high Reynolds numbers, the particle oscillation is stronger creating larger disturbances in the flow. The energy dissipation rate in micro fluidised bed was estimated to be four orders of magnitude less than other passive micro mixers which operate in the turbulent regime. It was also demonstrated that the ratio of mixing time and the energy dissipation rate for fluidised bed micro-mixer was comparable to K-M, Tangential IMTEK, and interdigital micro-mixers. However, the fluidised bed micro-mixer was found to operate at much lower Reynolds numbers compared to other passive mixers, with a mixing time of the order of few seconds. © 2013 The Institution of Chemical Engineers.
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2013 |
Ismay MJL, Doroodchi E, Moghtaderi B, 'Effects of colloidal properties on sensible heat transfer in water-based titania nanofluids', Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 91 426-436 (2013) [C1]
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2013 |
Alghamdi YA, Doroodchi E, Moghtaderi B, 'Mixing and segregation of binary oxygen carrier mixtures in a cold flow model of a chemical looping combustor', Chemical Engineering Journal, 223 772-784 (2013) [C1]
In a typical chemical looping combustion process, the oxygen for fuel combustion is supplied by circulating metal based oxygen carriers between two interconnected fluidised bed re... [more]
In a typical chemical looping combustion process, the oxygen for fuel combustion is supplied by circulating metal based oxygen carriers between two interconnected fluidised bed reactors. The redox characteristics of oxygen carriers and hence the overall performance of the process can be significantly improved by utilising binary mixtures of oxygen carrier particles. The full potential of such multi-species particle systems however can be only realised when particles segregation is minimised. This study is concerned with gaining an understanding of the mixing and segregation behaviour of binary mixtures of oxygen carrier particles with different sizes and densities in a cold flow model representing a 10. kWth chemical looping combustor. The hydrodynamics of such systems were investigated and compared with a typical chemical looping combustion process where single species are used. This was followed by investigating the solids mixing and segregation behaviour in terms of segregation intensity and species weight percentage at each reactor as a function of operating parameters. It was shown that increasing the total solid inventory, particle terminal velocity ratio, composition, and air reactor superficial velocity increases the riser pressure, solid circulation rates, and riser solid holdup. Mixing and segregation regimes of the fuel reactor and the component segregation between the two reactors were also mapped. The results showed that, for mixtures of species with low terminal velocity to high terminal velocity ratios of greater than 0.7, a good mixing in the fuel reactor can be achieved by maintaining the superficial gas velocity to the mixture minimum fluidisation velocity ratio above 5. For the tested conditions, the component segregation between the two reactors was avoided by maintaining the ratio of the riser superficial velocity to the terminal velocity of the species with a high terminal velocity between 1.25 and 2. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.
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2012 |
Doroodchi E, Peng Z, Sathe MJ, Abbasi Shavazi E, Evans GM, 'Fluidisation and packed bed behaviour in capillary tubes', Powder Technology, 223 131-136 (2012) [C1]
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2012 |
Peng Z, Doroodchi E, Evans GM, 'Influence of primary particle size distribution on nanoparticles aggregation and suspension yield stress: A theoretical study', Powder Technology, 223 3-11 (2012) [C1]
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2012 |
Moghtaderi B, Doroodchi E, 'Performance characteristics of a miniaturised chemical looping steam reformer for hydrogen enrichment of fuels', International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 37 15164-15169 (2012) [C1]
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2012 |
Song H, Doroodchi E, Moghtaderi B, 'Redox characteristics of Fe-Ni/SiO2 bimetallic oxygen carriers in CO under conditions pertinent to chemical looping combustion', Energy & Fuels, 26 75-84 (2012) [C1]
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2012 |
Azizian MR, Doroodchi E, Moghtaderi B, 'Effect of nanoconvection caused by Brownian Motion on the enhancement of thermal conductivity in nanofluids', Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 51 1782-1789 (2012) [C1]
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2012 |
Cai Z, Gao Z, Bao Y, Evans GM, Doroodchi E, 'Formation and motion of conjunct bubbles in glycerol-water solutions', Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 51 1990-1996 (2012) [C1]
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Nova |
2012 |
Peng Z, Doroodchi E, Moghtaderi B, Evans GM, 'A DEM-based analysis of the influence of aggregate structure on suspension shear yield stress', Advanced Powder Technology, 23 437-444 (2012) [C1]
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2011 |
Zhang YX, Doroodchi E, Moghtaderi B, 'Thermodynamic assessment of a novel concept for integrated gasification chemical looping combustion of solid fuels', Energy & Fuels, 26 287-295 (2011) [C1]
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2011 |
Evans TM, Doroodchi E, Moghtaderi B, 'A response to Murshed et al., J Nanopart Res (2010) 12:2007-2010', Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 13 4395-4396 (2011) [C3]
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2010 |
Peng Z, Doroodchi E, Evans GM, 'DEM simulation of aggregation of suspended nanoparticles', Powder Technology, 204 91-102 (2010) [C1]
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2009 |
Doroodchi E, Evans T, Moghtaderi B, 'Comments on the effect of liquid layering on the thermal conductivity of nanofluids', Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 11 1501-1507 (2009) [C1]
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2008 |
Doroodchi E, Evans GM, Schwarz MP, Lane GL, Shah NH, Nguyen AV, 'Influence of turbulence intensity on particle drag coefficients', Chemical Engineering Journal, 135 129-134 (2008) [C1]
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Nova |
2008 |
Evans GM, Galvin KP, Doroodchi E, 'Introducing quantitative life cycle analysis into the chemical engineering curriculum', Education for Chemical Engineers, 3 E57-E65 (2008) [C1]
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Nova |
2008 |
Evans GM, Doroodchi E, Lane GL, Koh PTL, Schwarz MP, 'Mixing and gas dispersion in mineral flotation cells', Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 86 1350-1362 (2008) [C1]
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Nova |
2006 |
Doroodchi E, Zhou ZQ, Fletcher DF, Galvin KP, 'Particle size classification in a fluidized bed containing parallel inclined plates', Minerals Engineering, 19 162-171 (2006) [C1]
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Nova |
2006 |
Moghtaderi B, Shames I, Doroodchi E, 'Combustion prevention of iron powders by a novel coating method', Chemical Engineering & Technology, 29 97-103 (2006) [C1]
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2005 |
Galvin KP, Callen AM, Zhou ZQ, Doroodchi E, 'Performance of the reflux classifier for gravity separation at full scale', Minerals Engineering, 18 19-24 (2005) [C1]
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Nova |
2005 |
Doroodchi E, Galvin KP, Fletcher DF, 'The influence of inclined plates on expansion behaviour of solid suspensions in a liquid fluidised bed - a computational fluid dynamics study', Powder Technology, 156 1-7 (2005) [C1]
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2004 |
Doroodchi E, Fletcher DF, Galvin KP, 'Influence of inclined plates on the expansion behaviour of particulate suspensions in a liquid fluidised bed', Chemical Engineering Science, 59 3559-3567 (2004) [C1]
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2002 |
Galvin KP, Doroodchi E, Callen AM, Lambert N, Pratten SJ, 'Pilot plant trial of the reflux classifier', Minerals Engineering, 15 19-25 (2002) [C1]
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